中考语法专项讲练 名词.docx
名词专有名词Lucy, China, the Great Wall普通名词可数名词个体名词pencil集体名词family不可数名词物质名词water抽象名词love可数名词变复数:1、规则变化一般在词尾加 -s, 读音为 /s/ 或 /z/ 或 /iz/以-s, -x, -sh, -ch 结尾的加 -es, 读音为 /iz/以y结尾的:1、以辅音字母加y结尾的词,把y变成i,再加 es2、以元音字母加y结尾的词直接加 s以f 或 fe 结尾的词:把f 、fe 改为 v , 再加 -es注意:(1)有些以 -f 或 -fe 结尾的词直接加 -s 变成复数。roof roofs 屋顶 belief beliefs 信仰proof proofs 证据 chief chiefs 首领(2)在大写字母及大写字母的缩写形式的复数中,应加 -s three UFOs 100 BMWs但A, I 这两个大写字母的复数形式为了与As, Is 有所区别,应在其后加 sThere are two Is in this word.He got three As and 2 Gs. 2. 不规则变化: 变内部元音 foot feet ; tooth teeth ; goose geese mouse mice ; man men ; 词尾加 - en 或 - ren ox oxen ; child children单、复数词形相同的词 a sheep two sheep ; a deer five deer a fish three fish ; a means some means 汉语音译词如度量衡、币制等单位名词无复数形式,但要用斜体 ten jin ; 100 mu ; five jiao ; ten li“某国人”变复数:单、复数形式相同 Chinese ; Japanese ; Swiss变词尾的 man 为 men Frenchman Frenchmen; Englishman Englishmen Dutchman Dutchmen ; Englishwoman Englishwomen ;词尾加 - s German Germans Russian Russians American Americans最常见考点:中日不变英法变,其余后面加 sO 结尾的单词变复数:一般直接加 s radios ; videos ; photos ; zoos ; pianos ; kangaroos ;加 es Negro Negroes ; hero heroes ; potato potatoes ; tomato tomatoes ; 黑人英雄在土豆地里吃西红柿复合名词变复数:一般将主体名词变为复数: father-in-law - fathers-in-law 岳父 passer-by - passers by 过路人 looker-on - lookers-on 旁观者无主体名词构成的复合词,在词尾加 s grown-up - grown-ups 成年人man, woman 位于复合名词前面,用来修饰其他名词时,将前后两个词都变为复数形式 man servant- men servants 男仆人 woman driver - women drivers 女司机集体名词例:family; class; team; group; people;police集体名词作主语时,谓语动词可单、可复,关键看是强调整体还是所包含的成员个体 His family is huge. Your family are really warm hearted.注意 ATTENTION: police 做主语时,谓语动词只用复数形式 The police are asking him some questions about the accident now.天生就只有复数形式的单词: pants 裤子; shorts 短裤;glasses 眼镜trousers 长裤; gloves 手套;shoes 鞋子 scissors 剪子; socks 短袜; handcuffs 手铐; jeans 牛仔裤;clothes 衣服pajamas 睡衣 stairs 台阶; goods 物品congratulations 祝贺 compasses 圆规常用复数形式的名词短语: do exercises 做运动take turns 轮流 take notes 做笔记as follows 如下 hurt ones feelings 伤害某人的感情 in dozens 成打的 change trains / flights / buses 换乘 make friends with 与 交朋友 shake hands with 同握手不可数名词的数:1、数词或冠词 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词(量词可以是单数也可以是复数,但 of 后的名词只用单数) a piece of apple pie / news / meat / paper / chalk a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力 a drop of water 一滴水 two cups of tea 两杯茶2、用some, much, a little, a lot of, a bit of, plenty of much water; some useful information注:既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有: plenty of;some; a lot of;lots of; most of;注意:1、有些学科名词,虽以s结尾,仍为不可数名词。 maths 数学; politics 政治; physics 物理2、people 是集体名词,但当“民族”讲时,可用复数形式 peoples3、以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸、杂志名也可视为单数。 The Arabian Nights is a very interesting storybook.4、表示由两部分构成的东西,如:trousers 长裤, glasses 眼镜, shoes鞋子等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对/双)来表达。 a pair of glasses 一副眼镜 two pairs of trousers 两条长裤5、the United States 和 the United Nations 的最后一个词虽然是复数,也应视为单数。The United Nations was founded in 1945.6、fish 作“各种鱼类”讲时后面必须加 - es 构成复数形式 There are a lot of fishes in this pool.7、专有名词一般视为不可数名词,有时也可视为可数名词,可以由 a / an 修饰或用复数形式 The Whites are watching TV. There is a McDonald at the street corner. A Jackie is asking for you.8、 数词 + 名词 + 形容词构成的复合形容词,中间的 名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形式,如: a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩 a five-pound note 一张五英镑的纸币 a six-foot-deep hole 一个六英尺深的洞 a two-meter-long ruler 一把两米长的尺子名词所有格:所有格表示所有关系,修饰另一名词,做定语。它有两种形式:1. 由名词词尾加s构成,多用来表示有生命的东西; Jacks birthday2. 由 of + 名词 构成,多用来表示无生命的东西。 map of China1、 用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系,这时只在最后一个名词后加sThis is Mary and her sisters bedroom.用and 连接两个并列名词,表示分别拥有各自的物品时,两个名词都在词尾加s表示所有关系These are Toms and Marys bags.2. 以-s结尾的名词,在s后加 ;不以-s结尾的词在词尾加sTeachers DayChildrens Day3. 双重所有格of + 名词所有格He is a friend of my brothers.of + 名词性物主代词Is she a daughter of yours?4. 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词,也可以在词尾加s构成所有格an hours ridetwo weeks timefive hundred meters distancea million pounds note演练: If you work hard, youll get good _.A. gradesB. notes C. lessons D. answersThe customers are pleased with the _ of the restaurant.A. balanceB. experienceC. surfaceD. serviceLook! The kites in the sky are in different _ . Some are big and some are small.A. size B. sizes C. color D. colorsAfter _ practice, Lang Lang is as well-known pianist now.A. so many yearB. so many yearsC. so many yearsD. so many years I like _ a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.A. fishB. potatoesC. noodles-How far is your cousins home from here?- Its about two _ drive.A. hours B. hours C. hours D. hour Paper-making is _ of ancient China.A. one of greatest inventorB. one of the greatest inventorsC. one of greatest inventionD. one of the greatest inventions At the end of the volleyball match, our school _won by 3:1.A. membersB. group C. team D. fans- Hurry up, Jack!- Just give me five minutes to put my desk in _.A. timeB. lineC. order D. shape