专题04 必修1 Unit 4-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（讲）（含答案解析）.docx

2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测第04讲 必修1 Unit 4讲【核心素养分析】语言知识：要求考生掌握并能运用英语词汇、语法基础知识以及所学话题。1 .考纲内要掌握的词汇、短语和句型项目单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）burst vi.爆裂;爆发n.突然破裂，爆发event n.事件；大事nation n.民族；国家；国民national adj.国家的,民族的nationality n.国籍1. ruinn.废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产suffering n.苦难；痛苦-suffer v,受苦，遭受extreme adj.极度的一extremely adv.2. injure vt.损害;伤害一injured adi.受伤的injury n伤害，损害destroy vt.破坏;毁坏；消灭useless adj.无用的;无效的；无益的useful（反义词）一use v. & n.使用，利用shock vt.&vi.（使）震惊;震动n.休克；打击；震惊重点单词11.rescue n. & vt.援救;营救12. 正皿vt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境13. electricity n.电；电流；电学electric adj用电的;带电的；发电的electrical adj.与电有 关的；电学的14. disaster n.灾难；灾祸bury vt.埋葬;掩埋；隐藏shelter n.掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处damage n. & vt.损失; 损害15. frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬一frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的judge n.裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决judgement n.判断，判决express vt.表示;表达n.快车；速递一expression n.表达一expressive adj.有表现力的【解析】考查介词。句意：听到这条消息她很震惊。分析句子结构可知，此处应填介词与后面名词shock 构成介词短语作前面谓语动词was的表语，in shock表示“震惊"。故填in。3. We found ourselves（shock） by the large number of visitors.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】shocked【解析】考查形容词。句意：我们被大量的参观者震惊了。“find+宾语+adj.”为固定结构，空处需填形容词 作宾语补足语，shock使震惊，shocked描述人的感受，震惊的，故填shocked。4. （2019全国）Judging from his look, the news was（shock）.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】shocking【解析】考查形容词。句意：从他的表情判断，这消息令人震惊。分析句子结构，该空作was后的表语， 用形容词，v+ed形式的形容词修饰人，而v+ing形式的形容词修饰物，句子主语是the news,用v+ing形式 的形容词，表示“令人震惊的“，所以填shocking。5. （2020全国）All the people（shock ） to hear that a school bus fell into a river.（所给词的适当形式 填空）【答案】were shocked【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：听到一辆校车掉进河里，所有的人都很震惊。句子主语AH the people 是复数形式，be shocked to do sth”惊讶于做某事”为固定短语，再根据"fell into a river.”可知，本句为一般过 去时。故答案为were shocked。【变式】（2021 天津期末）Looking through my newspaper, Pm（shock） by photos showing the destruction of the hurricane.【答案】shocked【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：翻阅报纸时，我被显示飓风破坏程度的照片震惊了。分析句子结构可知， 此句已有谓语am,此空应用非谓语作状语，且表示“正在看报纸的时候，看到了照片被震惊了“，所以此空 用过去分词形式，故填shocked。1. （2021 天津静海一中期末）Although she had been ill for a long time, it still came as shock when sheeventually died.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。句意：尽管她病了很长一段时间，但当她最终去世时，还是令人震惊。此处指一件令 人震惊的事，故填a。知识点5.bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏【归纳拓展】bury oneself in study 埋头研究bury oneself in （doing） sth.专心致力于（做）某事be buried in thoughts 沉思bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面be buried alive被活埋；隐居【温馨提示】表示“专心于，致力于"意义的短语还有：be devoted to, be addicted to, be absorbed in等。【典例5】单项选择（2021 广东汕头市金山中学期中）On the bad news,she cried with her face in hands.A. heard; buriedB. hearing; buryingC. heard; buryingD. hearing; buried【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配和过去分词。句意：一听到这个坏消息、，她双手捂着脸哭了。ondoingsth “一. 就。”with后接的是一个复合结构，此空需用bury的非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语是face与bury在逻辑上是 被动关系，所以用过去分词，故填buried。故选D。1. This is the best way they have thought of the miners.A. rescuing; buryingB. to rescue; buriedC. to rescue; buryingD. rescuing; buried【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中they have thought of作定语，修饰the best way,故后面用不定式to rescue； miners与bury为被动关系，故用过去分词，选B。2. It is said that the old pot under the earth for about 1000 years by the time it was discovered.A. had buriedB. had been buried C. buriedD. were buried【答案】B【解析】考查时态与语态。By要与完成时连用，本题by后面跟的是过去的时间，要与过去完成时连用，意 义是又是应该被动，所以选B。句意：据说那个旧罐在被发现之前已经在地下被埋了 1000多年了。3. in her graduation paper, Mary has no time to do a part-time job.A. Having been buryingB. Having buriedD. BuriedD. BuriedD. BuriedC. To be buried【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：(因为)专心于写毕业论文，玛丽没有时间做兼职。be buried in sth/bury oneself in sth/doing sth专心致志于,埋头于,buried在此是形容词化的过去分词，相当于一个形容词，类似 的还有worried, excited, lost, absorbed, interested, devoted等，且以-ed结尾的形容词修饰人，这里相当于一个 原因状语从句 because Mary is buried in her graduation paper,故选 Do. After in the research for so many years, the scientist succeeded in finding the result at last.A. buriedB. being buried C. having buried D. having been buried【答案】D【解析】考查动名词用法。动名词的通常放在介词后后面。当动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前的时候， 使用完成式。惊讶：在致力于研究工作很多年以后，这位科学家终于成功找到了一个解决的方法。根据句 意说明多年的研究工作是在找到答案之前就发生的。故使用完成时。而本句是一个固定词组be buried in. 致力于. deep down in the earth for thousands of years, the dead forest has rotted away and become coal.A. Having buriedB. Being buriedC. BuriedD. To be buried【答案】C【解析】考查过去分词。句意：被埋在了泥土中数万年，死亡的森林已经腐烂变成了煤。动作bury与其逻 辑主语the dead forest是被动关系，用过去分词作原因状语，故选C。【变式】单句填空The young man buried himself the history book.【答案】in【解析】句意：这个年轻人埋头于自己的历史书，bury oneself in固定搭配，意思是把某人自己埋葬于 之中，所以用in。1. At dusk, they(bury)the dead and hurried to the next village.【答案】buried【解析】考查时态。句意：在黄昏的时候，他们埋好死人，匆忙前往下一个村子。并列连词and前后的时 态应该是一致的，都应该使用一般现在时，所以要填过去式buried。2. He sank down on the ground,(bury) his face in his hands.【答案】burying【解析】考查现在分词作状语。句意：他坐到地上，双手捂着脸。动词短语bury his face in his hands与主语 he构成主动关系，要使用现在分词作状语。所以要填burying。3. He was so（bury）in thought that he didn*t see the pole on the road.【答案】buried【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他太专心于思考了，结果没有看到公路上的柱子。be buried in"埋头于； 专心于“。故填buried。4. . The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, （bury） herself in the book in her hands.【答案】burying【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那个女孩坐在公园的长椅上，埋头看书。分析句子结构可知bury在句中 做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语girl构成主动关系用现在分词。故填burying。5. She sat there, burying her face hands.（用适当的词填空）【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意：她坐在那里，双手掩面。固定短语：bury one's face in one，s hands双手掩面，根 据句意，可知填介词in。分析句子可知，本句中，“sat”为谓语，“burying her face hands”做 状语，故填in。6. （2020福建厦门一中）The dead（bury） in large communal graves.（所给词的正确形式填空）【答案】were buried【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：死者被埋葬在大型公共坟墓。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语之间是 被动关系，结合语境可知“埋葬”发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故答案为were buried。7. （2020全国）It is time（bury） our differences and be friends again.（用单词适当形式填空）【答案】to bury【解析】考查固定句型。句意：是时候埋葬我们的分歧，重新成为朋友了。It is time to do sth.“到了做某事 的时候了”是固定句型，故填to buryo（2020全国）He buried （him） in his detective story again.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】himself【解析】考查反身代词。句意：他又埋头读他的侦探小说了。由提示词him以及buried.in可知，此处 应填入反身代词himself,构成固定短语bury oneself in表示“埋头于/专心致志于故填himself。8. （2020全国）（bury）under the ruins, the little girl was rather frightened.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】Buried【解析】考查过去分词。句意：被埋在废墟下的小女孩非常害怕。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词， 且前后句之间没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语，空处动词bury与主句主语the little girl之间是被 动关系，所以空处需用过去分词buried作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Buried。知识点6.judge v.断定；判断；判决n.裁判员；法官；评判员【归纳拓展】judgment n.判断,审判，意见,判断力 judging by/from从上看,根据判断judge sb./sth. from/by.从来判断judge between right and wrong 判断是非as far as I can judge据我判断，我认为in one's judgement依某人看来，按某人的看法【典例6】The smartphone to be the best ever, users all over the world claim they love it.A. is judgedB. judgedC. having judged D. to be judged【答案】B【解析】考查独立主格。句意：这个手机被评为史上最好，全球的使用者都声称喜欢它。分析句子结构可 知，此处为独立主格，逻辑主语smartphone和judge之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形judged。故选B项。【变式】语法填空(judge) from his accent, he must be America.【答案】Judging; from【解析】句意:从他的口音判断,他一定来自美国。“从判断”用judging from/by, “来自”用be from。1. (judge) from her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.【答案】Judging【解析】考查动词。句意：由她上一封信来判断，他们过得很愉快。Judging from为习惯短语，在句中作状 语。首字母需要大写。故填Judging。2. (judge) by the look on his face, the news must have been terrible.【答案】Judging【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：从他脸上的表情来判断，这消息一定很可怕。本句已经存在谓语动词 且句中没有连词，故judge做非谓语动词。此处为现在分词作独立成分修饰整个句子，故填Judging。3. (judge) the plan, America will become the world's biggest oil producer by round 2020.【答案】Judging from【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：根据该计划判断，到2020年前后，美国将成为世界上最大的石油生产国。judging from根据判断，固定搭配。4. （2021 全国）Don*t judge a book its cover.（用适当的词填空）【答案】by【解析】考查固定短语。句意：不要根据一本书的封面来判断它里面的内容。（不要以貌取人）。根据句意 “以来判断”和空前的“judge”可知,此处为固定短语judgeby。故填by。5. （2021 全国）He（judge）to be the best actor of this year.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】was judged【解析】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：他被评为今年的最佳男演员。空处缺少谓语动词，此处陈 述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语he和judge为被动关系，且主语为he,谓语动词使用第三人称 单数形式。故填was judged。6. （2021 全国）（judge） by the audience's reactions, the show will be a great success.（所给词的适当形式填 空）【答案】Judging【解析】考查现在分词作独立成分。句意：从观众的反应来看，这个节目将会获得巨大的成功。现在分词 作独立成分：Judging from/by“根据判断“，此处是现在分词的独立成分作插入语。故答案为Judging。7. （judge） from the smile on his face, he was satisfied with the result.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】Judging【解析】考查现在分词。句意：从他脸上的笑容判断，他对结果很满意。此处逻辑主语为说话者本人，和 动词judge （判断）构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。故填Judging。知识点7.at an end终止；结束【归纳拓展】bringto an end （使）结束，终止come to an end 结束，终止at the end of在尽头（末）by the end of到末为止（常与完成时态连用）in the end最后，终于（后不加of短语）on end 一连，连续to the end 到底without end 没完没了make ends meet收支相抵【典例7】单项填空We have to wait until the discussion between them.A. makes an endB. comes to an endputs an endD. brings to an end【答案】B【解析】考查词组。句意：我们不得不等到他们之间的讨论结束。固定词组：come to an end结束。put.to an end, bring .to an end, 故选 B。2.1 will go on a vacation once all the work is.A. at the endB. by the endC. in the endD. at an end【答案】D【解析】句意：一旦所有的工作结束，我就去度假。A. at the end在的末端；B. by the end到.为止；C. in the end最后；D. at an end结束。分析句意，工作结束了之后，我就去度假。at an end意为“结束”作表 语。故选D项。【变式】翻译句子(l)The year is at an end.这一年已到 了。(1)年终(2)The meeting came to an end.会议 了o (2)结束(3)Go straight and you'll find the hospital at the end of the road.一直往前走，你会在 找到这家医院。(3)这条路的尽头(4)They argued for two hours on end.他们 辩论了两个小时。(4) 一连知识点8.a (great) number of许多；大量的【归纳拓展】a large/great/good number of; a great/good many; a good few; quite a few + 可数名词复数many a/more than one+单数可数名词+单数谓语动词a great/good deal of; a great/large amount of; quite a little +不可数名词a lot/lots of; a great/large quantity of; large quantities of; plenty of+可数名词复数或不可数名词【温馨提示】(l)a number of是“许多，大量”的意思，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。the number of是“的数目”的意思，谓语动词用单数。large quantities of +(pl.)/U做主语，谓语动词用复数。 large amounts of+U n.做主语，谓语动词用复数。【典例8】(1)(许多学生)find it hard to find an acceptable job after graduation.(number) (2)A great number of new factories(被建立)in my hometown since 1987.(大量的金钱已被花)on the new hospital since 1980.答案(1)A great/large number of students(2)have been built/set up(3)Lots of7A lot of money has been spent 【变式】A large number of students in our school from the countryside; the number growing theseyears.A. is; has beenB. are; has beenis; have beenD.are; have beenB考查主谓一致。“a number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；the number。仔.的数量”作主 语时，谓语动词用单数形式。句意：我们学校很多学生来自农村，并且来自农村的学生数量这些年来一直 在增长。知识点 10. as usual【归纳拓展】usual adj.通常的；平常的usually adv.通常地；平常地than usual 比平常【典例10Lily got up at 6:00 o'clock but she realized it was Sunday soon.A. as usualB. as possibleC. at presentD. at last【答案】A【解析】词义辨析。A和通常一样；B尽可能；C目前；现在；D最后，终于；句意：Lily和往常一样在六 点就起床了。但是她很快就发现是周日。根据句意说明A正确。考点：考查词义辨析一How often do you eat out?but usually once a week.A. I have no ideaB. It dependsC. As usualC. As usualC. As usualC. Generally speaking【答案】B【解析】句意：一你多久外出就餐一次？ 一视情况而定，但是通常是一周一次。A. I have no idea不知道B.It depends看情况而定 C. As usual像平常一样 D. Generally speaking 一般来说。根据语境判断，故选B。【变式】语法填空It is such an (usual) work of art that the museum has decided to buy and keep it.【答案】unusual【解析】这是件不寻常的艺术作品所以博物馆决定买下并收藏它。根据句意故填unusual。1. This morning, she got up early as (usually).【答案】usual【解析】句意：今天早上，她像往常一样起得很早。as usual像往常一样，照例，故填usual。2. My father went to work by car as usual today, but he arrived at the company later usual.【答案】than【解析】考查固定短语。As usual和平时一样；than usual通常与比较级连用，本题中的later than usual比往 常要晚。句意：我的父亲今天和平时一样开车上班，但是他到公司要比往常要晚。故填than。【考点精讲】教材原句It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到 了末日!【句法分析】It seems (to sb.) that(对某人来说)似乎= Sb. seems to do/to be doing/to have done.It seems as if/though“似乎(好像)”,可接虚拟语气。seem+(to be) + n./adj.似乎是There seems to be. 好像有It seems so. ( = So it seems.)似乎是那样。【例句研读】It seemed that he had known the truth. = He seemed to have known the truth.他好像知道了 真相。His father seems (to be) strict.他父亲似乎很严厉。There seemed to be a voice in the distance.似乎远处有人说话。It always seemed as though everything in my childhood had just h叩pened.我童年的一切仿佛刚刚发生一样。【拓展归纳】seem/look/appear(l)seem暗含有一定的根据，往往是接近实际的判断，后可接介词、形容词、不定式或从句。(2)look着重由视觉而得出的印象，可与like连用，但不能与不定式连用。可接as if从句，不接that从句。(3)appear强调外表给人的印象，而且事实往往并非如此。可接that从句，不接as if从句。【典例1】1.seems to be no possibility Bob can win the first prize in the match.A. It; thatB. There; that C. There; whether D. It; whether【答案】B【解析】考查固定句型和同位语从句。句意：鲍勃在比赛中似乎不可能赢得第一名。结合句意可知此处是 There seems to be no possibility that是一个固定句型，且名词possibility后面是that引导的同位语从句，指 名词的具体内容，故选B。2.at first thought, practically every sentence you speak and write has never been spoken or written before.A. Amazing as it may seemB. As it may seem amazingC. As amazing it may seemD. It may seem as amazing【答案】A【解析】考查as引导的让步状语从句和部分倒装。句意：尽管乍一想似乎有点神奇，但事实上你所说和写 的每一个句子以前都没人用过。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处考查as引导的让步状语从句，且句子要部分 倒装。引导此类从句的结构为：adj/adv/v/n+as+其它，选项中Amazing as it may seem符合该结构。故选A 项。3.seemed as if nobody knew anything about the accident.A. WhatB. ThatC. ItD. As【答案】C【解析】考查固定句型。句意：似乎没有人知道这次事故。固定句式：It seemed as if，似乎好像。为 表语从句。故选C项。4. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing. but we seem the art of communicatingface-to-face.A. losingB. to be losingC. to be lostD. having lost【答案】B【解析】考查固定结构。seem to do sth好像要做某事；再根据时间状语Today,应指我们似乎正在失去面 对面的交流艺术。所以选B。考点2 too .to.结构重点短语1. right away 立亥U2. at an end 结束3. in ruins成为废墟4. dig out掘出；发现5. a(great) number of 许多；大里的6. give out分发；发出(气味、热等)7. thousands of成千上万8. think little of不重视；不假思索9. blow away 吹走；刮走1。.be proud of 以而自豪11. instead of 代替12. be trapped in 陷入之中13. be known for/as 因为/作为出名14. bring in 引进；引来经典句型（高考书面表达必 备）1. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农家院子里，鸡和猪 都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。2. It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了 末日！3. AH hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。4. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。5. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.工人们为那些家园遭受破 坏的幸存者建了住所。必备语法（高级句型）名词性从句（2）2.语法基础知识名词性从句主题语境：话题自然灾害（人与自然）语言技能：能在主题语境下，运用所学的语言知识写出日常生活事物的应用文。【基础巩固】知识点1.burst vi. （burst, burst）爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发【归纳拓展】burst out迸发；突然发作；突然起来burst into闯入；突然出现；突然起来；突然发作burst into tears/songs/laughter/angry speech 突然哭/唱/笑/吵起来burst out crying/singing/laughing突然哭起来/唱起来/笑起来burst in 闯入burst with anger/grief/joy勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支教材原句】In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农家院子里，鸡和猪都 烦躁不安，以致不吃食。【句法分析】too.to句型表示“太以至于不能(表否定)”，可转化为notenough to和so.that.o提示：当too后接easy, ready, happy, willing, eager或anxious时，to后的动词表示肯定。例如： The book is too easy to understand.这本书太容易理解了。He was too anxious to leave.他急于离开。(2)too.not to.句式表示肯定意思。例如：He is too careful not to have noticed it.他那么细心，不会不注意到这一点的。(3)too.to中too前面用了否定词(如never)时，表示肯定。例如：It is never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。(4)only tooto表示肯定，其中too后的形容词多数是表示某种心情的，如glad, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, determined等,也有描绘性的形容词,如good, kind, true等。例如：The girl is only too kind to help us.这姑娘非常乐于帮助我们。【例句研读】The child is too young to dress himself.The child is not old enough to dress himself.The child is so young that he can't dress himself.这孩子太小，不能够自己穿衣。【典例2】.Jim is a kind boy. He is willing to help his classmates.A. soB. suchC. muchD. too【答案】D【解析】too+glad/pleased/willing.to表示肯定意义。如用A项应改为so.as to才对。2. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was to carry all the way home.A much too heavy B too much heavy C heavy too much D too heavy much【答案】A【解析】考察too much和much too用法。Much too修饰形容词或者副词；too much修饰不可数名词。结合 句意可知A正确。句意：Allen不得不打的，因为盒子实在太重了不能一路上带回家。3. 一What do you think of the bo