2022届高考英语一轮复习重难语法课9名词性从句学案北师大版.docx

重难语法课（9）一一名词性从句语境中体悟用法朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑连接词引导的是什么从句，在从句中作什么成分。What worries my classmate, Mary, a lot these daysis that she puts on too much weight and is frequently ill®. She has some doubts whether she eats too much fast （3）food high in fat or sugar"". Also, with the College Entrance Examination approaching, she becomes more stressful and she couldn，t sleep well these days. Maybe this is also the cause that she becomes fatter these days®, she thinks. How she becomes slimmer and healthier has been her main task. So she wants to consult some experts and gain some instructions. But where she could get better suggestions and who will give her better adviceZlso puzzle her. It is her parents， suggestion that she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongshan HospitalProfessor Wang suggests that she keep a balanced diet first®. She should eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber, vitamin and protein. What's more, if she wants to lose weight, she had better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day. Mary asked Professor Wang when she should take exercise,Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 o'clock in the afternoon because she will have more time to do sports. Thanks to Professor Wang, Mary has become much healthier now.用法体悟为主语从句。What （=The thing that）在从句中作主语。为表语从句。从句本身意思完整，不缺任何句子成分。为同位语从句。补充说明doubt的具体内容，因doubt （疑惑）的意思本身是不确定 的,故由whether引导。为同位语从句。说明the cause的具体内容。为主语从句。表示“如何”变得苗条些和更健康些，故用how引导，how在从句中作 方式状语。为主语从句。表示去“哪里”咨询、向“谁”咨询，故分别用where, who引导。 为同位语从句。说明suggestion的具体内容，从句内容完整，不缺任何句子成分。 为宾语从句。从句内容完整，不缺句子成分。为宾语从句。when在从句中作时间状语。系统中整合规那么（一）主语从句1. that引导的主语从句that引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义，但一般不可省略。That the earth goes around the sun is known to all.众所周知，地球围着太阳转。2. whether/if引导的主语从句主语从句位于主句谓语动作前，表示“是否"，只能用whether。假设用it作形式主语, 那么whether与if可互换。Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.我们能否有干净的饮用水依赖于政府对水污染将采取什么样的有效措施。3. wh-类连接词引导的主语从句wh-类连接词包括连接代词(who, whom, whose, what, whoever, whomever, whatever 等)和连接副词(when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 等)。What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.芭芭拉琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是老实和快乐。4. it作形式主语的主语从句有时为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语、而把主语从句后置。It isn，t likely that I should accept such an offer as that.我不可能接受像那样的帮助。It's no wonder that he didn，t want to go.难怪他不想去。(二)宾语从句1. that引导的宾语从句that引导宾语从句时无词义，在从句中不作成分，口语中一般可以省略，但以下情况 下不能省略：(1)当that从句作介词的宾语时。(2)动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从 句开始that不可省略。2. whether与if引导的宾语从句whether与if引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是 否”。在以下情况下只能用whether而不能用if：(1)宾语从句中有or not且直接跟在关系词后时，只能用whether。I don，t know whether or not the report is true.=1 don，t know whether/if the report is true or not.我不知道这个报道是否是真的。(2)介词后的宾语从句要用whether, whether可与不定式连用。It depends on whether we have enough time.这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。They don't know whether to go there.他们不知道是否去那里。3. 连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体词义，且不可省略。Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事以及我们自己。4. it作形式宾语的宾语从句(1)一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，那么需要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后 置。常见的这类动词有 find, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make 等。He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.他清楚地说明会议不会被推迟。(2)hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy 等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”的动词以及一 些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等后面常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。(三)表语从句1. that/whether/because/as if (though)引导的表语从句(1) that, whether引导的表语从句。在表语从句中，that无词义，一般不能省略；whether意为“是否”。The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled.问题是空气污染能否被控制住。(2)as if/though引导的表语从句，有时可用虚拟语气。The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if/ though a great black blanket had been thrown over it.厚重的烟雾覆盖着整座城市，好像一个厚厚的黑色毯子扔到它的上面。(3) because, why引导的表语从句。This/That is why.这/那是的原因This/That is because.这/那是因为He failed. That is because he didn，t work hard.他失败了。那是因为他没有努力工作。2.连接代词、连接副词引导的表语从句(1)连接代词有：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever等。连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。(2)连接副词有：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 等。连接副 词在从句中作状语。r d like to start my own business that's what I'd do if I had the money.我愿意自己创业一一那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。That was where we camped last time.那就是我们上次野营的地方。(四)同位语从句的连接词同位语从句在句中作某一名词(news, fact, idea, desire, suggestion, promise, information等)的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从 句的连接词主要有that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。在同位语从句中，that 和whether不作成分，that无词义，whether表示“是否”；if不能引导同位语从句。引 导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。The report that he was going to resign was false.他将辞职的报道是假的。集训中明晰考点考点1 连接词that与whether/if(l)that只起连接的作用，无词义，不充当句子成分；在宾语从句中可以省略，但在主语从 句、表语从句、同位语从句中不能省略；连接词whether表示“是否”，只起连接的作用，不充当句子成分，在局部宾语从句及 it作形式主语的主语从句中可以替换成ifo1. (2020 江苏高考改编)It is not a problem we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time.解析：whether/if句意：我们能否打赢这场战争不是问题；这只是时间问题。句中 it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句。句中的not a problem暗示空格处表示“是否”， 故用whether/if引导主语从句。2. (2019 全国卷 I )While they are rare north of 88° , there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.解析：that分析句子结构可知，设空处引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的内容, 从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故填that。3. (2018 浙江 11 月高考)It is possible caffeine may cause birthdefects （缺陷）in humans, too.解析：that分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it作形式主语，真正的主 语是设空处引导的从句，故填that。4. （2021 德州模拟） Tom will win the computer competition remains a secret till next Monday.解析：Whether句意：汤姆是否能赢得电脑比赛要保密到下周一。remain前面是主语 从句，根据句意可知用whether引导，表示“是否"。引导主语从句且位于句首，只用whether 不用ifo考点2连接代词连接代词who "谁"，whom "谁"，whose “谁的"，what "什么； 的内容/ 事情；多么"，Which “哪一个”等不但起连接作用，也在从句中作名词或代词所作的成 分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如果缺少连接代词，那么从句不完整。1. （2020 浙江 7 月高考）Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.解析：what句意：几千年来，他们开始对从野外猎取或采集的东西依赖变少，而更多 地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的农作物。分析句子结构可知, could be hunted or gathered from the wild作depend on的宾语，且从句中又缺少主语。因此填连接代词 what o2. （2018 全国卷 HI） I'm not sure is more frightened, me or the female gorilla （大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere.解析：who句意：我不确定谁更害怕，是我还是那只不知从何处突然蹦出来的雌性大 猩猩。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，表示“谁”，故 填 whoo3. （2018 北京高考改编）Thisis my father has taught me 一 to always face difficulties and hope for the best.解析：what句意：这就是父亲教给我的一一总是面对困难并且寄予最大的希望。表语 从句中动词taught缺少直接宾语，且表示“的东西”，故填what。4. （2021 开封模拟）In her panic she couldn，t remember was Mr Grainger's cabin.解析：which空处引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语，表示“哪一个"，应填which。考点3连接副词连接副词how ”的方式"，when ”的时间”，where "的地方”，why ”的原因”不但起连接作用，且在从句中作状语，表示方式、时间、地点和原 因等。1. （2018 北京高考改编）Without his support, we wouldn，t be we are now.解析：where句意：要是没有他的帮助，我们就不会是现在的情形了。设空处弓I导表 语从句，表示的是具有抽象意义的地点，故用where引导。2. （2018 江苏高考 改编）By boat is the only way to get here, which is we arrived.解析：how句意：坐船是到达这里唯一的方式，这就是我们如何到达的。how引导表 语从句，作方式状语。3. I didn，t understand this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.解析：why understand后为宾语从句，根据语境可知，不明白的应该是原因，表示“为 什么"，故填why。考点4 "疑问词+ -ever”类连接词此类连接词有whatever “无论什么”，whoever “无论谁"，whichever ”无论哪一 个“，whenever “无论何时”，wherever “无论何地”，however “无论怎么样”等，不 但起连接作用，而且在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。1. （2020 江苏高考改编）This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for .解析：whatever句意：这个演员时常在表演前就计划好前两个技巧，然后全力以赴。 介词for后接宾语，此处表示无范围的选择，故用whatever。此处可视为名词性从句的省 略, 即.goes for whatever he wantso2. （2020 天津 5 月高考改编）My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish I put my mind to.解析：whatever句意：我的祖母帮助我相信我能完成我下定决心要做的任何事情。这 是一个含有宾语从句的复合句，且引导词在从句中作介词to的宾语，表示“无论什么，任 何事情”，故用whatever。3. （2018 天津高考改编）The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.解析：whoever句意：这块金牌将颁发给在这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。从句 中缺主语且表示“人”，因此填whoever引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。4. （2017 W匕京高考改编）Every year, makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.解析：whoever句意：每年，在风筝节上，制作出最漂亮风筝的人将会获奖。根据句 子结构和句意可知，主语从句中缺少表示人的主语，故填whoever。自测中查漏补缺I.单句语法填空1. （2021 长假设B中学模拟）Anyone can practice it and what is required is a simple set including: a brush, ink and paper.2. （2021 六安模拟）After warning him that he would regret doing it, God made him be sold to a tile-maker.3. One concern relates to a lack of control over what appears on the Internet.4. （2021 安庆模拟）This is because such programs are not natural.5. He asked me whether/if I would be interested in doing a part-time job in one of their leading hotels.6. . （2021 黄 冈高三 模拟）Before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups.7. （2021 烟台高三模拟）What we should do is to get creative and come up with alternative ways to celebrate.8. （2021 汕头三模）My belief is where there is a will, there is a way.IL单句改错1. We must find out where Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him. where->when2. The police told him what it had happened: his car had been on a private parkinglot and had been taken away by the police.去掉 it3. To make matters worse, I had to share a double room with someone I did notknow, despite the fact I had paid for a single room.fact 后力口 tha4. As the College Entrance Examination wi 11 be held in June, the students shouldmake full use of time to review that what they have learned.去掉 that5. It's good for us to eat which are rich in vitamins and minerals every day,that is, some fresh vegetables and fruit.whichfwhat6. Whenever I want to see it, that I must do is to close my eyes, and it willappear in front of me.thatf whatin ,语法填空（2021 惠州调研）Today, Mount Qomolangma，s peak is not a lonely place anymore. Over 3, 500 people have (successful)climbed the mountain over the past year. Meanwhile, climbers have complained about 2 (wait)for hours in the bottlenecks.In fact, the dangerous 3 (crowd)aren，t the only problem. All those climbers need 4 (bring) a lot of gear (设备)，much of which ends up being left on the mountain.It is becoming the world，s 5 (tall) rubbish dump.But the good news is 6 some mountaineers have started to clean up Qomolangma. Mountaineers Paul and Eberhard are part of Eco Everest Expedition, which has been cleaning up rubbish since 2008. So far they 7 (collect) over 13 tons of garbage.Some of that rubbish is even being used for 8 higher purpose. As part of the Mount Everest 8, 848 Art Project, a group of 15 artists from Nepal collected 1. 5 tons of garbage. They，ve changed the cans and oxygen tanks into 74 pieces of art that have already been exhibited 9 NepaT s capital. Part of the profit from sales 10 (be)available for the Everest Peakeers Association which has helped collect rubbish off the mountain.语篇解读：文章主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的污染情况以及现在采取的应对污染的措施和取 得的成效。1. successfully 考查副词。修饰climbed应用副词，故填successfully。2. waiting考查动名词。此处介词about之后应用动名词形式，故填waiting。3. crowds考查名词复数。根据空前的形容词dangerous可知，空处应用名词形式， crowd “人群”为可数名词，且句子的谓语aren't为复数形式，所以应用复数形式crowds。4. to bring考查动词不定式。此处表示所有这些登山者都需要带着大量设备，故此 处用need to do sth."需要做某事”。5. tallest考查形容词的最高级。根据句中的the world's ”全世界范围内的”可知， 此处表示最高级的含义，故用形容词最高级tallest。6. that考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处引导表语从句，引导 词在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用，故用that引导该从句。7. have collected考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语So far可知， 此处表示截止到现在已提供的垃圾数量，所以应用现在完成时；又主语Uiey为复数，故填 have collectedo8. a考查冠词。此处表示“一个更高的目标”，表泛指，在文中第一次提到，且higher 的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。9. in考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“在尼泊尔的首都”，故填in。10. is考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时;该句主语为“Part of the profit from sales”，此处表示单数概念，应填is。IV.短文改错My grandpa worked as a carpenter, who has devoted all his energy for carpentry for almost sixty years. Several years before, he began to make wooden models of farm tools. On National Day when I returned back and visited him with my parents, he showed me that he had created. He hopes he could expose people to the traditionally way of farming. Now every day, he prepares raw material in the yard, measures them, and polishes them. I've also picked up carpentry as hobby of mine. Now I am able to make a model by me. And I am determined to make it know to more.答案： 第一句：workedf works; 第一个 forf to第二句：before->ago第三句：去掉 returned 后的 back; thatwhat第四句：traditiona 11 yftraditiona 1第五句：material materials第六句：hobby前加a第七句：memyself第八句：know-known