语法填空解题技巧-高三英语一轮复习.docx

语法填空实词【名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词】填空（给出词汇的）6-7个1、 动词填空（1） 谓语动词【1】时态（一般现在/过去/将来，现在完成/过去完成，现在/过去/将来进行，过去将来时）【2】被动语态 bei dong = be done （2） 非谓语动词 （to do、doing、done、doing）（3） 词性转换2、 名词填空（1） 单复数A. 一般情况下，+s book-booksB. 以“s、x、ch、sh”结尾，+es watch-watchesC. 辅音加y结尾，变y为i + es activity-activities D. 以0结尾 黑人Negroes英雄heroes爱吃土豆potatoes西红柿tomatoes E. 以f结尾，变f为ves， leaf-leaves， wife-wives knief-knieves thief- thievesF. 特殊变化 mouse-mice sheep-sheep fish-fish（2）词性转换3、形容词填空（1）比较级或最高级（2）形容词变副词 happy-happily（3）其他词性转换4、副词填空【少】（1）比较级或最高级（2）变否定 fortunately-unfortunately luckily - unluckily（3）词性转换5、代词填空（1）人称代词主格宾格 I-me（2）物主代词（形容词性或名词性）my-mine（3）反身代词 【主语与给出的人称一致时】themselves myself yourself6、基数词和序数词变化 one-first/once two-second/twice three-third补充虚词【介词、冠词、连词、从句关联词】填空（未给出词汇）3-4个1、 介词 【in on at by for of with without from to】（1） 介词 + n/doing （动名词）（2） 单词词组搭配 take up/on/off search for2、 冠词 （1） 定冠词 the （2） 不定冠词 a/an an hour、an honest boy、an experience 3、 连词 【and、but、so、if、because、though、although】连接的是2个完整的句子If you come to see me tomorrow, I will buy you a gift.Because it is raining heavily, I decide to stay at home.连词 【and、but、or】连接两个一样的片段 They come from Japan and China.4、 从句关联词（1） 定语从句（2） 名词性从句【宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句】5、 其他情况（1） it 做形式主语或者形式宾语It is adj （for sb）to do sthsb found it adj to do sth（2）than “比” I am much taller than you.（3）so.that He is so tired that he went to bed earlier.（4）强调句 Its this flavor that attracts people from other countries to the art of Chinese cooking.谓语动词和非谓语动词辨析英语句子主语 + 谓语【时态、被动】 + 宾语N + V + N1、在有连词【连接两个完整的句子】（and、but、so、when、if、though、although、as soon as、because、after、before）的句子中Kimberly _谓语动词【时态/被动】_ （write）an article, so dont disturb（打扰）her.After Jack 谓语动词【时态/被动】 （send）some e-mails, he started working on his report.After Jack had sent some e-mails, he started 非谓语 （work）on his report.2、在有从句关联词（that、which、who、whether、what、when、where、why）引导的句子But this type of housing, which 【时态/被动】(call) co-housing, is gaining popularity in the United States.But this type of housing, which is called co-housing, 谓语【时态/被动】（gain）popularity in the United States.This computer is different from the one that I 谓语动词【时态/被动】 （use）in my last job.3、既没有连词，也没有从句关联词的句子，视为一句Our team defeated Class 3 in the basketball match on Wednesday， _非谓语 _ （beat）them 36 to 35.4、注意：从句关联词的省略（1） 定语从句中的that可能省略I like the book my mum 谓语动词【时态/被动】 （buy）yesterday.= I like the book（that/which） my mum 谓语动词【时态/被动】 （buy）yesterday.（2） 宾语从句中的that 可能省略I noticed (that) the boy was crying there.时态和被动语态1、 一般现在时表现形式: do/does （三单）用法:1、表示客观事实【一周有7天】或者生活常识【运动有益】2、表示经常性或习惯性的行为【我经常迟到】3、表示事物目前的状态、特征、特性【我是女的】4、表示按照时刻表【火车、飞机】，行程【schedule】，预约【appointment】进行的事情5、主将从现（在if、whether，when，assoon as引导的状语从句中，主句使用一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时表示将来 ）If you come here tomorrow, I will buy you a gift.标志词:always，usually，seldom，every.，sometimes，in my spare/free time，whenever被动语态表现形式：被动= bei dong = be done= am/is/are done2、 一般过去时表现形式: did用法：1、 表示过去发生的事情/动作2、 表示在过去的一段时间内经常性或习惯性的行为标志词:yesterday，last.，ago， just now，once曾经，in 1998被动语态表现形式：被动= bei dong = be done= was/were done3、 现在完成时表现形式: have/has done用法：1、 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生了影响2、 表示过去的动作延续到了现在标志词:already，since，yet，never，so far，by now，up to now，up to date、up till now，till now，in/over the last/past few years、ever since、.times、recent/in recent time/recently/lately被动语态表现形式：被动= bei dong = be done= have/has been done注意：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别1、 I changed my furniture last month.2、 I have changed my furniture and my house looks much bigger now.3、 The girl has used this washing machine for 4 years. She is thinking about buying a new one.4、 The boy won the first prize in an English competition in 1998， and one year later， he went to the USA for exchang program.5、 Since 1997， the girl has used this washing machine for 22 years. 6、 Since Mary bought this washing machine in 1997，she has used it for 22 years. 7、 For+一段时间 for 2 years （两年）（1）She has lived with her grandparents for 2 years. But she will move out soon. 【动作持续到了现在】（2）She has lived with her grandparents for 2 years. She is so enjoyed.（3）She lives with friends now. But she lived with her grandparents for 2 years. 【动作没有持续到现在】4、 过去完成时表现形式: had done用法：过去的动作（did）之前发生的另外一个动作（had done）I said in 2009 that I had won the first prize in 2008.标志词：sb/sth had done sth before sth/sb did被动语态表现形式：被动= bei dong = be done= had been done5、 一般将来时表现形式: will do 用法：1、 表示以目前为基准的将来要发生的事情2、 表示临时性的决定标志词：tomorrow，next，in the coming【即将到来的】 years，in the future/future、for years to come被动语态表现形式：被动= bei dong = be done= will be done6、 过去将来时表现形式: would do 用法：表示以过去为基准的将来要发生的事情I said 3 days ago that I would go to SH.被动语态表现形式：被动= bei dong = be done= would be done7、 现在进行时表现形式: be doing = am/is/are doing用法：1、 表示现在正在进行的事情/动作2、 表示循序渐进的过程The leaves are turning red.标志词：now，at the moment，look，listen，be quiet8、 过去进行时表现形式: be doing = was/were doing用法：表示过去一个时间点或者时间段正在进行的事情/动作I was sleeping at 8 oclock yesterday morning.标志词：at 8 oclock yesterday morning，sb/sth was/were doing sth when sth/sb didI was sleeping when my mum came in.9、 将来进行时表现形式: be doing = will be doing用法：表示将来一个时间点或者时间段正在进行的事情/动作I will be sleeping at 8 oclock tomorrow morning.标志词：at 8 oclock tomorrow morning10、 现在完成进行时表现形式: be doing = have/has been doing用法：（1） 表示过去的动作一直在进行，并未停止，强调动作的持续性，可翻译成“一直”Since the earthquake happened，the volunteers have been searching the buried people without stop.Since you came here， I have read some books.Since you came here， I have been reading books.（2） 所有适应于现在完成时的标志词均适用于现在完成进行时，只是，现在完成时多注重结果，现在完成进行时多注重动作的持续性。The scientists have made a lot researches on acid rain over the past few years.The scientists have been making researches on acid rain over the past few years非谓语动词1、 to do （动词不定式）【“，”直接后面不能使用to do】用法：1、 表示目的；翻译成“为了”“去”I hung some photos on my wall to decorate （decorate）it.To decorate （decorate）my wall，I hung some photos on it.2、 表示将来I want to buy （buy）some books.He decided to buy （buy）some books.The students are allowed to buy （buy）some books.There will be 3 markets to be built （build）in 2020.3、 搭配（1） 被动语态 （be + done）+ to doThe students are allowed to buy （buy）some books.（2） a/an/the + 抽象n + to doa chance to do sth 一个去做.的机会an opportunity to do sth 一个去做.的机会an ability to do sth 一个去做.的能力a desire to do sth 一个去做.的欲望a rule to do sth 一个去做.的规则I have a chance to experience the Chinese traditional culture.（3） 序数词或者最高级 + to doMike will become the first person in his family _to finish_（finish）college education.（4） It is adj （for sb）to do sth 对某人来说，去做.是.样的It 做形式主语，真正的主语是 to do sthIt is convenient for us to start a business online.（5） sb found it adj to do sth 某人发现做.是.样的it 做形式宾语，真正的宾语是 to do sthI found it convenient for us to start a business online.（6） to meet the challenge of 为了迎接.的挑战to meet the needs of 为了满足.的需要turn out to be 结果是only to find 意外发现This loss was very bad for the country, of course, but it turned out (be) very good for the food. 2、 doing/ done （分词）【“，”直接后面通常用doing】doing 现在分词，表示主动，done 过去分词，表示被动【 空 前面是n，看 空 和n的关系】【 空 前面不是n，看 空 和整句话主语的关系】I like the boy sleeping （sleep）there.3、 doing （动名词）I like reading （read）. Reading （read）is my hobby.I learn English by reading （read）books.英语五大句子类型1、 主语+谓语（vt.）+宾语I love you.You can experience the traditional lifestyle.2、 主语+谓语（vi） I am sleeping.3、 主语+系动词（be）+表语 I am a student.4、 主语+谓语+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）My mum gave me a car.5、 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 I found a girl crying there.定语从句I like the boy. The boy is reading by the window.= I like the boy who is reading by the window. 先行词 关系词【名词、代词】 【1、连接主从句 2、指代先行词 3、在从句中充当一定的成分】一、关系词的分类1、关系代词 4+2=6 个在从句中要充当主语或者宾语 （从句缺少主语或宾语）that which who whom whose as1、 关系副词 3 个在从句中不充当主语或者宾语 （从句不缺少主语和宾语）when where why2、 关系代词的使用先行词从句缺少主语 （关系词在从句中充当主语）从句缺少宾语 （关系词在从句中充当宾语）人that whothat whom物that which /that which /人和物thatthat一件事（一句话）whichwhich注意事项：不能使用that的情况：1、 “，”后面不能使用that 2、介词后面不能使用that 只能使用that的情况：1、 当先行词既有人又有物的情况下I like the boy and the dog that stayed with me last night.2、 当先行词是不定代词【all、everything、someone】时候I like all that you gave me.3、 当先行词被不定代词【all、every】修饰的时候I like all the stories that you told me yesterday.4、 当先行词被序数词或最高级修饰的时候You are the first lady that climbed up the mountain.5、 当先行词被very、only、few等表示程度的词修饰时You are the only lady that climbed up the mountain.whose的使用意为“.的” 表示所属 n1 whose n2 n1的n2I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.I like the boy whose face is red.I like the classroom where desks are white.I like the classroom whose roof are white.We went to the National Park where the flowers and tress are so beautiful.I bought a book yesterday whose cover was designed by my mum.I took part in an activity whose theme was to protect our environment.as的使用意为“正如.一样” 位置可前可后，通常与被动语态连用As is reported，the weather is fine.The weather is fine, as is reported.The weather, as is reported, is fine.3、 关系副词的使用（从句不缺少主语和宾语）When 先行词表示时间【days，year，moment，age，month】Where先行词表示地点【school、room、park、museum】【job、experience】Why先行词表示原因（reason）4、 做题步骤1、 判断是否是定语从句 （n ）2、 查看从句是否缺少主语或者宾语3、 如果从句缺少主语或宾语，看先行词是人还是物，对应表格4、 如果从句不缺少主语和宾语，看先行词是时间还是地点5、 如果空格前面都是n，则优先考虑whose名词性从句1、 分类1、 主语从句 【开头到第二个动词之前】2、 表语从句【be动词之后的句子】3、 宾语从句【实意动词之后的句子】4、 同位语从句2、 关系词1、 what、who、whom（从句缺少主语/宾语）（1） what在从句中做主语/宾语，指代事物（2） who在从句中做主语，指代人（3） whom在从句中做宾语，指代人2、 that（从句不缺成分，表示肯定）（1） 引导的是肯定的、陈述的、有结论性的句子（2） 在从句中不做成分，没有词意，不翻译，只起到连接的作用（3） 在宾语从句中，that可以省略（4） 通常与it形式主语连用3、 if/whether（从句不缺成分，表示不确定）（1） 引导的是不确定的、疑问的、暂时没有结论性的句子（2） 在从句中不做成分，有词意，翻译成“是否”（3） if只能用在宾语从句中，并且不能与or not 连用4、 其他特殊疑问词（句子缺乏逻辑关系时使用）where 什么地方，哪里which 哪一个when 在.时候why 为什么 how 怎么样5、 做题步骤（1） 先判断从句是否缺少主语/宾语（2） 缺少，使用what、who、whom（3） 不缺，肯定that，不确定if/whether（4） 句子缺乏逻辑关系，使用特殊疑问词语法填空做题技巧1、 a/an/the + 抽象n. + to do冠词加抽象名词（chance、opportunity、desire、ability、day、rule）+to do表示一个去.的（机会、机会、欲望、能力、一天、法则）Besides，the festival is a day to appreciate （appreciate）the full moon and eat Tangyuan.It is a day for families to hold（hold）the family reunion and spend time together.We have a lot of chances to experience （experience）the traditional Chinese culture.2、 .n, which/who v.逗号前面是一个名词（或者没有逗号，空前面是一个名词），空后面是个动词，这个空基本填which（前面名词不是人）/who（前面名词是人）The Song artist Zhang Zeduans painting “Qingming Scroll”is a masterpiece of art, which describes what happened on both banks of the Bian River on the Qingming Festival.Unfortunately he was distrusted by the king, who forced him to go to a remote area.3、 ., doing （v）.一句话，doing (给出的词是动词).She drew a line in the sky, keeping (keep) N and Z separated.Our team defeated Class 3 in the basketball match on Wednesday，beating（beat）them 36 to 35.The 5,464-km-long Yellow River breaks barriers and flows into the broad plain,forming (form) the cradle (摇篮)of Chinese civilization.Premier Li Keqiang delivered a speech at the conference, encouraging（encourage）university graduates to start their own business.Premier Li Keqiang delivered a speech at the conference to encourage（encourage）university graduates to start their own business.4、 被动语态+ to do 被动语态后面加to do空前面有被动语态的表现形式，后面的动词用 to do It is designed to honour（honour）Qu Yuan, the pioneer poet of ancient China.In addition to these，fish has always been used to suggest (suggest) the accumulation of prosperity and wealth with meals on New Years Eve.The money will be used to provide（provide）the school with new computer equipment.The Great Wall was built over 2,000 years ago to prevent ( prevent) the invasion of the northern nomadic (游牧的)minorities.被 + adv + 动 被动语态中间加副词This festival celebrates three fundamental concepts that are closely （close）connected.The tradition is widely （wide）spread.5、 情态动词【can/could、may/might、should、must】 + be done （do）情态动词后面给了一个动词，这个动词变成 be doneIts roots，stems and leaves can be processed（process）as a medical herb that can cure some symptoms of a bad disease and keep away mosquitoes.情态动词【can/could、may/might、should、must】 + adv （adj） do情态动词后面给出一个形容词，空后面是一个动词原形，此处填副词Standing on the top of the mountain，you can easily (easy) see the beautiful view of the whole city.There is a glorious bridge called the Anlan Cable Bridge crossing the Minjiang River above Yuzui, where you can clearly (clear) see the entire system.6、 Done（do）by., .空在开头，给出一个动词，后面有个by，使用非谓语动词doneMade （make）by folding wonton in half and pulling together to two opposite corners，wontons flat profile allows it to be pan-fried like a pot sticker in addition to it being boiled or deep-fried.Respected (respect) by every generation, the Mother River holds an unshakable position in the heart of every Chinese. , done（do）by.空前面有句子或者名词片段，有“，”后面给出一个动词，动词后有by，填doneThe survey, published (publish) by consulting OC this week, found that hotpot is Chinese favorite meal. be done/done（do）by.空前面有句子或者名词片段，没有“，”后面给出一个动词，动词后有by，填be done/done，需要看句子是否存在谓语动词，有谓语动词使用done，没有谓语动词使用be doneThe poem “reminiscing my brother in Shangdong on Double Ninth” written (write) by Wang Wei described climbing.The poem “reminiscing my brother in Shangdong on Double Ninth” was written (write) by Wang Wei.However, like most of the gardens in Beijing, the Summer Palace was destroyed ( destroy) by fire and was razed to the ground by the Anglo-French Allied Forces. 7、 by doing （do）= 介词 + doing （do）by在前，给出一个动词，用doing，介词后给出一个动词，用doingMade by folding （fold）wonton in half and pulling (pull) together to two opposite corners，wontons flat profile allows it to be pan-fried like a pot sticker in addition to it being boiled or deep-fried.I am interested in swimming.（swim）8、 it基本都变成its，少数变成itselfTill now, the Yellow River has raised 13 dynasties, capital Luoyang, 8 dynasties capital Kaifeng and the biggest economic center in its (it) area Zhengzhou.Being the largest and most well-preserved royal garden in China, it greatly influences Chinese horticulture(园艺)and landscape with its (it) famous natural views and the works of humankind.it做形式主语或形式宾语Many westerners who come to China cook m