【最高考】2015高考英语语法精讲精练 专题八 定语从句常考点.doc

专题八定语从句常考点定语从句是英语语法学习中的一大难关，也是高考中的常考点。主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择；非限制性定语从句(特别是当先行词是整个句子时)，由“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句等。做有关定语从句题目时，一定要将先行词还原到从句里，看其在从句部分充当什么成分。关系代词和关系副词的基本用法 关系代词指人指物主语宾语定语表语主语宾语定语表语that，whothat，who，whom(可省)whosethatthat，whichthat，which(可省)whosethat关系副词时间地点原因when介词whichwhere介词whichwhyfor which注学习定语从句时，必须加强对从句句子结构的分析，切记关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语，而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：I still remember the day _ we studied together.I still remember the day _ we spent together.This is the factory _ he used to work.This is the factory _ we visited yesterday.This is the factory _ makes this kind of car.This is the reason _ he explained.This is the reason _ he failed in the exam.I don't know the way _ he used last time.I don't know the way _ he solved the problem last time.【答案】when；that/which/不填where；that/which/不填；that/whichthat/which/不填；whythat/which/不填；that/in which/不填介词关系代词 介词后只能用which指物，whom 指人，不可用that。介词的选用可根据从句中相关词组确定，也可结合句意根据先行词确定。该介词也可放在从句之尾。用适当的“介词关系代词”填空：He is the person _ we should learn.The bag _ he put his books is lost.The man _ she is talking is a doctor.The train _ he was travelling was late.【答案】from whomin/into whichto/about whomon which关系代词 as的用法 用于限制性定语从句中：当先行词被so，as，such，the same所修饰时，关系代词用as指人或物，而不用which。用于非限制性定语从句中： 非限制性定语从句，特别是先行词是整个主句时，由which和as引导的非限制性定语从句，是高考命题的热点。注 as引导的非限制性定语从句与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别：as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面；as引导的从句有“正如”之意，而which则没此意。用适当的关系词填空：This is such a heavy bag _ I can't carry.This is such a heavy bag _ I can't carry it .This is the same place _ I visited three years ago.This is the same place _ I worked three years ago.He failed in the exam，_ made his father very angry.He failed in the exam，_ I had expected.A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. 【答案】as；thatas；wherewhich；asas并列句和非限制性定语从句的判断 并列句是由两个简单句组成的，句子中间必须要有并列连词；而定语从句是由主句和从句构成的。完成下列句子：He has two brothers，and both of _ are workers.He has two brothers，both of _ are workers.China has hundreds of islands，the largest of _ is Taiwan.China has hundreds of islands，and the largest of _ is Taiwan.He may not come，in _ case we will not wait for him.He may not come and in _ case we will not wait for him.【答案】them；whomwhich；themwhich；that先行词模糊化 表地点的先行词模糊化在句中作状语时用关系副词where，相当于in which；在句中作主语和宾语仍用关系代词。常见的词有：point，situation，position，profession，job，case，system，scene，activity，society，culture，strategy，model，accident，economy，crime等；常见的表时间的词有：period，occasion，stage，interval，stay等。用适当的关系词填空：This is one point _ we must insist on.I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.【答案】that/which/不填；wherewhen定语从句中的数要保持一致 关系代词指代的是先行词，因此定语从句中的谓语在数上应与先行词保持一致。完成下列句子：Those who _(break) the law should be punished.Anyone who _(break)the law should be punished.Whoever _(break) the law should be punished.He is one of the students who _praised at yesterday's meeting.He is the one of the students who _praised at yesterday's meeting.【答案】break；breaks；breakswere；was定语从句中含有插入语 定语从句和先行词之间常常会有I think，you know，I believe，I thought 等插入语。做此类题目时，我们要先去除插入语，再选择正确的关系词。完成下列句子：This is the school _ you know I once studied.I picked up a man _ I thought was honest.I picked up a man _ I thought to be honest.He made a discovery，_(我认为) is very important.【答案】wherewho；that/who/whom/不填which I think只能用that 或which的情况 只用that 的场合：当先行词既指人又指物时。当先行词是不定代词anything，nothing，everything，all，some，little，few，much，none 或被不定代词修饰时。当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。当先行词被the only和the very所修饰时。当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。当要避免与疑问词which重复时。只用which 的场合：“介词which”，指物。非限制性定语从句中。防止重复。指人的性质身份时，而不是指人时。用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：He told us all _ had happened.This is the most interesting film_ I have ever seen.This is the first place _ we visited yesterday.This is the first place _ we worked.This is the only plant _ grows in the area.The earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually.The glasses without _ he couldn't see clearly were lost.I said nothing，_ made him angry.【答案】thatthat/不填that/不填；wherethat；wherewhichwhich关系代词whose的用法 在高考中，关系代词whose的考点频繁出现。在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词用whose，在表示某物时，相当于then.of which 或of whichthen.。用适当的关系词填空：Do you know the man in _ car she came here?The man pulled out a gold watch，_ hands were made of small diamonds.The man pulled out a gold watch，the hands of _ were made of small diamonds.The man pulled out a gold watch，of _ the hands were made of small diamonds.【答案】whosewhose；which；which找准先行词 一般说来，定语从句是跟在它所修饰的先行词之后，但有时也会出现先行词和定语从句被一个词或一个短语所分隔，或者谓语太短等情况，这时我们要根据定语从句的句意判断哪一个词是先行词。用适当的关系词填空：I've become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year.She'll never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.The days are gone _ we used the foreign oil.【答案】whom/whowhenwhen“the onethat/which/where”和that，which，where的区别 完成下列句子：Is this the museum _ you visited last year?Is this museum _ you visited last year?Is this museum _ you worked last year?Is this the museum _ you worked last year?【答案】that/which/不填；the one that/which或the onethe one where/where；where/in whichfrom where和since when结构的区别 完成下列句子：They stood at the window，from _ they could see what was happening in the street.The book was written in 1946，since _ the education system has witnessed great changes.【答案】wherewhen1. (2014·江苏卷)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _ a good impression is a must. A. which B. when C. as D. where2. (2014·江西卷)Among the many dangers _ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A. which B. what C. where D. when3. (2014·陕西卷)Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.A. that B. whichC. as D. what4. (2014·重庆卷)We'll reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year.A. which B. whereC. when D. what5. (2014·安徽卷)The exact year _ Angola and her family spent together in China was 2008. A. when B. where C. why D. which6. (2013·江苏卷)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，_ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A. where B. whichC. what D. when7. (2013·浙江卷)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform_ visitors can watch the big glass houses being built.A. what B. whereC. when D. why8. (2013·安徽卷)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012，_ made one of the Chinese people's longheld dreams come true.A. it B. thatC. what D. which9. (2013·陕西卷)_ is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.A. It B. ThatC. What D. As10. (2012·江苏卷)After the flooding，people were suffering in that area，_ urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.A. which B. whoC. where D. what【答案】1. D2. A3. A4. A5. D6. B7. B8. D9. D10. B1. Do you know the man _？A. whom I spoke B. to who I spokeC. I spoke to D. that I spoke2. I am very grateful to my high school teachers，without _ help I wouldn't be so excellent.A. whom B. themC. which D. whose3. Where did you meet him while in Beijing?It was in the hotel _ I stayed.A. that B. whichC. when D. where4. The settlement is home to nearly 1，000 people，many of _ leaving their village homes for a better life in the city.A. whom B. whichC. them D. those5. The time is not far away _ modern communications will become widespread in China's vast countryside.A. as B. whenC. until D. before6. He talked a lot about things and persons _ they remembered in the school.A. which B. thatC. whom D. what7. Her sister has become a lawyer，_ she wanted to be.A. who B. that C. what D. which8. I'm told that is a free website _ learners can not just learn various languages but also chat online.A. where B. which C. that D. what9. The way _ he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whoseC. what D. /10. By serving others，a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself，_ can be very eyeopening and rewarding.A. who B. that C. which D. what11. My neighbours used to give me a hand in time of trouble，_ was very kind of them.A. who B. whichC. that D. it12. He's got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A. where B. whichC. while D. why13. Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can't be the only preparation for all of the situations _ appear in the working world.A. where B. whenC. that D. what14. The manager had to go to Beijing on business on June 23，_ happened to be his only son's birthday.A. when B. thatC. which D. what15. The picture often reminds me of the happy hours time and again _ I was playing happily with my friends during the holidays.A. how B. thatC. when D. where16. Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants，_ serve junk food.A. which B. whoC. what D. where17. Is this research centre _ you visited the modern equipment last year?A. which B. thatC. the one where D. the one that18. She is such a good teacher _ we all love and respect.A. that B. as C. so D. who19. The volunteers paid a visit to all the senior citizens in the community，most of _ are aged from 70 to over 90 years old.A. whom B. thoseC. them D. which20. Last week，we watched Beijing Opera，_ style was unfamiliar to most of us.A. what B. whichC. where D. whose21The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. A. which B. whoseC. when D. where22. My pen friend sent me an email yesterday _ he described how he spent his summer holiday. A. when B. whereC. what D. which23. Last term our English teacher set so difficult an examination problem _ none of us worked out.A. as B. thatC. which D. whose24. That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. whichC. what D. when25. There was a time in my life _ I hated to go to school because I didn't get on well with my classmates.A. that B. whenC. what D. which26. You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family. A. which B. whereC. when D. as27. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks. A. when B. whichC. where D. while28. After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she needed to decide what to do.A. that B. whatC. which D. where29. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ don't.A. who; / B. /; whoC. who; who D. /; / 30. Last month, part of Southern Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering.A. that B. whoseC. which D. what【答案】1. C2. D3. D4. C5. B6. B7. D8. A9. D10. C11. B12. A13. C14. C15. C16. A17. C18. B19. A20. D21. B22. B23. A24. B25. B26. A27. C28. D29. C30. B