欧洲脚手架标准EN-1004-2004.pdf
Mobile access and working tower made of prefabricated elements Materials, dimensions, design loads, safety and performance requirements 可移动工作台材料，尺寸，设计负载，安全和性能要求可移动工作台材料，尺寸，设计负载，安全和性能要求 Contents 内容内容 Foreword 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terns and definitions 4 Classification 5 Designation 6 Materials 7 General requirements 8 Requirements for structural design 9 Instruction manual 10 Marking 11 Structural design 12 Tests 13 Assessment Annex A (normative) Stiffness test on complete tower structure Annex B (informative) National A-deviations Bibliography Foreword 前言前言 This document (EN 1004:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 53”Temporary works equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. 这个文件（EN1004：2004）由技术委员会 CEN/TC53“临时工作设备”编制，有他的秘书处 DIN 持有。 This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2005. 这个欧洲标准是一个国家标准，最迟到 2005 年 6 月作为正文或文件出版，如果与国家标准有冲突将会被撤销，最迟到 2005 年 6 月。 This document supersedes HD 1004:1992. 这个标准代替 HD1004：1992 The development of mobile access and working towers is from two roots: - scaffold manufacturers placed prefabricated unanchored scaffolds on four legs and castors and - ladder manufacturers began to construct mobile access towers with light-weight ladders using aluminum frames and castors. 可移动脚手架的发展有两个根源： 脚手架制造商预制的四个支腿和脚轮的脚手架不安定 扶梯制造商用铝结构和脚轮的较轻重量的扶梯建造可移动工作台 Taking this into account, CEN/TC 53 decided in 1980 to standardize the manufacture of mobile access and working towers in parallel with the European standardization of prefabricated service and working scaffolds EN 12810-2 and EN 12811-3. 鉴于此，CEN/TC53 在 1980 年决定，制造的可移动脚手架的标准要与欧洲标准EN12810-2 和 EN12811-3 水平相当。 For materials, this document refers only to valid documents. However, a large stock of equipment made of materials conforming to documents no longer valid is in use. The document does not cover this equipment. 对于材料，这个文件只提到了有效文件。尽管这样，制造设备的材料大量存货与文件一直，使用中不再有效。这个文件不覆盖这个设备。 During discussion of the draft it was noted that the average height of people is increasing and that consideration will have to be given in later editions to altering vertical dimensions. 在草稿的讨论中人类的平均身高增长，考虑到这些需要修改垂直高度。 According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. 根据 CEN/CENELEC 内部规定，以下国家的国家标准组织会执行这个标准：奥地利，比利时，塞浦路斯，捷克，丹麦，爱沙尼亚，芬兰，法国，德国，希腊，匈牙利，冰岛，爱尔兰，意大利，拉脱维亚，立陶宛，卢森堡，马耳他，荷兰，挪威，波兰，葡萄牙，斯洛伐克，西班牙，瑞典，瑞士和英国。 1 Scope 1 范围范围 This document applies to the design of mobile access and working towers made of prefabricated elements with a height from 2.5m to 12.0m (indoors) and from 2.5m to 8.0m (outdoors). 这个文件适用于可移动脚手架的设计，制造高度从 2.5m 到 12.0m（室内） ，宽度2.5m 到 8.0m（室外） 。 This document: - gives guidelines for the choice of the main dimensions and stabilizing methods; - gives safety and performance requirements; and - gives some information on complete towers. 这个文件： 主要尺寸和稳定化处理的选择给出指导； 安全和性能要求； 完整工作台的一些信息。 NOTE In this document “indoors” means that the towers is not be exposed to wind, and “outdoors” means that the tower may be exposed to wind. 注注 这个文件中“室内”是指工作台没有暴露在风里， “室外”是指工作台也许暴露在风里。 2 Normative references 2 标准参考标准参考 The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. 以下参考文件对于这个文件的运用是必须的。对于有日期的参考文件，只有引用的版本才适用。 EN74, Couplers, loose spigots and base-plates for use in working scaffolds and falsework made of steel tubes- Requirements and test procedures EN1298, Mobile access and working towers Rules and guidelines for the preparation of an instruction manual EN1991-2-4, Eurocode 1: Basis of design and actions on structures Parts 2-4: Actions on structures Wind actions EN1993-1-1: 2005, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings EN1995-1-1, Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures Part 1-1: General rules and rules for building EN1999-1-1, Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures Part 1-1: General rules General rules and rules for buildings EN12810-2, Faade scaffolds made of prefabricated components Parts 2: Particular methods of structural design EN12811-2, Temporary works equipment Part 2: Information on materials. EN12811-3, Temporary works equipment Part 3: Load testing 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3 条款和定义条款和定义 对于此文件的用途，以下条款和定义适用。 3.1 mobile access and working towers Scaffold structures which: - are capable of being used free-standing; - have one or more working platforms; - are assembled using prefabricated components; - have the dimensions fixed by the design; - have normally four legs with at least four castors; - are stable, by support on the ground and if necessary by support to a vertical construction by wall strut. 3.1 可移动工作平台可移动工作平台 脚手架结构： 可以自由站立； 由一个或多个工作平台； 由预制组件组装； 有固定的设计尺寸； 通常由四个立柱，至少四个脚轮； 平稳得支撑在地面上，如果有必要，有垂直建构支撑墙面。 3.2 height (H) Distance from the ground to the upper surface of the top platform 3.2 高度（高度（H） 从地面到顶部平台的上表面的距离。 3.3 castor wheel Swiveling wheel secured to the base of a member to enable the tower to be moved 3.3 脚轮脚轮 可转脚轮固定在底部部分确保工作台可以移动 3.4 adjustable leg incorporated into the structure only for plumbing a tower when situated on uneven or sloping ground. An adjustable leg may be fitted with either a castor wheel or a base plate. 3.4 可调支脚可调支脚 当平台放在一个不平坦斜坡上时，将可调制支脚垂直支在工作台上。可调支脚可以用脚轮或者底板。 3.5 platform component unit of platform that supports a load on its own 3.5 平台组件平台组件 单个的平台可以支撑自身的负载 3.6 bracing member means used to stiffen the structure 3.6 支柱支柱 用来使结构稳定的装置 3.7 outrigger component that increases the effective base dimensions of a tower, with provision for the attachment of a castor. 3.7 支腿支腿 脚轮附件中对提高工作台底部有效尺寸的零件作出规定。 3.8 stabilizer component that increases the effective base dimensions of a tower, without provisions for the attachment of a castor 3.8 稳定器 脚轮附件中对提高工作台底部有效尺寸的零件没有作出规定。 3.9 ballast weights placed at the base of the tower to increase to overturning 3.9 压舱物压舱物 在工作台基部加载增加重量以免翻倒 3.10 wall strut means for providing compressive restraint to prevent a tower overturning. It is normally a horizontal tubular member, one end of which is coupled to the tower, while the other end rests against a wall or other structure 3.10 支墙件支墙件 提供压力支撑以防工作台翻倒。通常它是水平管状的，一端连接工作台，另一端固定在墙上或其他结构上。 3.11 stairway means of access intended for persons carrying tools or materials 3.11 梯子梯子 可供人员带工具或材料上下 3.12 stairladder means of access intended for persons not carrying tools or materials 3.12 扶梯扶梯 可供人员带工具或材料上下 3.13 inclined ladder means of access intended for persons not carrying tools or materials with an inclination from 60to75 3.13 斜梯 3.13 斜梯 倾度在 60 到 75 度之间，供不带工具或材料上下的人员使用 3.14 vertical ladder means of access intended for persons not carrying tools or materials with an inclination of 90 3.14 垂直梯垂直梯 倾度 90 度的供不带工具或材料上下的人员使用 3.15 platform one or more platform components forming a working area 3.15 平台平台 一个或多个平台组成一个工作区域 3.16 length (L) Greater of the two plane dimensions at the platform level (see Figure 1) 3.16 长度（长度（L） 平台表面两个平面尺寸较长的那个（参见图表 1） 3.17 width (W) lesser of the two plane dimensions at the platform level (see Figure 1) 3.17 宽度（宽度（W） 平台表面两个平面尺寸较短的那个（参见图表 1） 4 Classificatio 4 等级等级 4.1 Load classes 4.1 负载等级负载等级 The classes of uniformly distributed load are given in Table 1. Tables 1 - Classes of uniformly distributed load Load class Uniformly distributed load q kN/ m22 1.50 3 2.00 表 1 中给出的平均分配的负载等级 表表 1平均分配的负载等级平均分配的负载等级 负载等级 平均分配负载 kN/ m22 1.50 3 2.00 4.2 Access classes Four options for access to the platform are described in 7.6. 4.2 路径等级路径等级 7.6 中描述了四种平台路径。 5 Designation The following data are required for the designation of all prefabricated mobile access and working towers: a) class of uniformly distributed load (see 4.1); b) maximum height outdoors/indoors; c) access classes (see 4.2). 5. 说明说明 以下数据是对于所有预制可移动工作台的必须的说明： a）平均分配的负载等级（参见 4.1） ； b）室内/室外最大高度 c）路径等级（参见 4.2） EXAMPLE 6 Materials 6 材料材料 Materials shall fulfill the requirements given in documents where design data are provided. Information for the most commonly used materials are given in EN 12811-2. 材料必须完全履行设计数据的要求。常用材料在 EN12811-2 中有规定。 Steel shall be protected by one of the methods given in EN 12811-2, Clause 8 or zinc coated with an average thickness of 15m. 钢材料应该参照 EN12811-2，第 8 条给出的方法或者镀锌厚度为 15m 保护。 7 General requirements 7 总体要求总体要求 7.1 General 7.1 总述总述 The following sub clauses specify the minimum requirements for the mobile access and working tower including platforms. 以下条款列举了移动路径，工作塔及平台的最低要求。 It shall be possible to fix platforms for erection and dismantling purposes with vertical distances between platforms not exceeding 2.10m. 为了使平台能安装及拆卸，其间的垂直距离不能超过 2.10 米。 7.2 Dimensions 7.2 尺寸尺寸 The minimum width, W, of the platform shall be 0.60m and minimum length, L1, shall be 1.00m. The minimum clear height between platforms “H” shall be in accordance with Table 2. 平台的最小宽度（W）和最短长度（L1）分别为 0.60 米和 1.00 米。最低净高度则如以下表 2 所列： Table 2- Clear height classes 净高度分类净高度分类 Clear height class 高度分类 Minimum clear height H in m 最低净高度（米） H1 1.85 H2 1.90 7.3 Apertures within platforms The aperture shall be as small as practicable, and it shall have a minimum clear opening of: 0.40m wide x 0.60m long 7.3 平台孔径平台孔径 平台内部间隙应尽可能小，最小的净间隙口径为： 0.4 米宽 X0.6 米长 Apertures in platforms shall not exceed 25 mm in width. This does not apply to apertures like hand holes in hatches. 平台间隙宽度不能超出 25mm，但此标准不适用于人工开口的间隙。 Access to a working platform through an aperture in a platform shall be provided with means to prevent falling through. 穿越平台间隙到达工作平台的入口应配备有防脱落装置。 7.4 Side protection 护边护边 7.4.1 General 总述总述 For allowable dimensions see Figure 2. 容许尺寸参见图 2。 Dimensions in millimeters unless otherwise stated 如无特殊说明，尺寸用毫米表示。 Figure 2-Side protection dimensions 图图 2护边尺寸护边尺寸 Side protection components shall be incapable of removal except by direct intentional action. 除非故意，否则防护侧边的部件不能拆卸。 It shall be possible to erect protection at platform edges comprising: a) at least one principal guardrail and intermediate side protection; b) toe-board 建立平台边缘的防护应包含： a）至少 1 个主要的护栏和中间护栏； b）搁脚板。 7.4.2 Principal guardrail 7.4.2 主要护栏主要护栏 The principal guardrail shall be fixed so that its top surface is 1 m or more above the adjacent level of the working area everywhere (minimum height 950 mm).1) 1) See A-deviation 主护拦需固定，其顶部表面比其他类似级别的工作区域要高出至少 1 米。 7.4.3 Intermediate side protection 7.4.3 中间护栏Intermediate side protection shall be fixed between the principal guardrail and the toe-board. 中间护栏需固定在主护栏和踏脚板之间。 Intermediate side protection may consist of: - one or more intermediate guardrails, or - a frame, or - a frame of which the principal guardrail forms the top edge, or - a fencing structure. 中间护栏由以下部分组成： 一个或多个护栏， 或者框架 或由主护栏组成顶部边缘的框架 或者栅栏结构。 Openings in the side protection shall be so dimensioned so that a sphere with a diameter of 470 mm will not pass through them. 护栏的口径需测算，使直径为 470 毫米的球体无法通过。 7.4.4 Toe-board 7.4.4 踏脚板It shall be possible to fix a solid toe-board such that its top edge is at least 150mm above the adjacent platform level. 坚固的侧板需固定，其顶部边缘相对于类似的平台要高出至少 150 毫米。 7.5 Castor wheels 脚轮7.5.1 General 总则Castor wheels shall be fixed to the tower in such a way that they cannot be accidentally detached. 脚轮应该安装好不能偶然地脱落。7.5.2 Brakes 刹车All castors shall have wheel brakes. They shall have swivel brakes unless by their design they are not eccentric when locked. 所有脚轮应该有轮子刹车；除非设计中锁好后形状奇怪，所有脚轮都应有旋转刹车。The brake mechanism shall be designed in such a way that it can only be unlocked by a deliberate action. 刹车系统设计的只能是有意打开时才能打开。 7.6 Access to platforms 7.6 平台路径7.6.1 General 7.6.1 总述The access type is classified by a letter A, B, C, or D as follows: 平台路径可分为 A，B，C，D 四种类型： - Access type A: Stairway; -Access type B: Stair ladder; The brake mechanism shall effectively prevent any rotation of the wheel when a horizontal force of 0,30 kN is applied through the vertical swivel axis of the castor as close as possible above the castor housing and in the rolling direction of the castor. The full value of the specified service loadper castor wheel is to be applied when testing the castor brakes. A minimum of five control tests shall be carried out.当一个0.3kN的水平力施向脚轮罩的上方垂直旋转轴上，顺着滚动方向时，刹车系统可以有效阻止脚轮的旋转。在测试脚轮刹车时，要使用脚轮载重要求的全值来测试。最少要实施5个控制测试。7.5.3 Test loads 载重测试The vertical service load per wheel given by the manufacturer of the MAT (Mobile Access Tower)shall be verified by a minimum of 5 tests.制造商提供的每个脚轮的垂直载重（移动塔架）至少经过5次检测。The test load shall be three times the service load per castor wheel derived from the most unfavourable load combination from Table 4.测试的载荷应该是每个脚轮工作载荷的3倍，从图表4中的最不适宜的载重组合可看出。When the brakes are locked, an initial vertical load of 0,50 kN shall be applied. The plate of the fork shall be taken as the origin for measurements of vertical displacement dc and the residual deformation dr. The load shall be increased to the maximum test load, maintained for one minute and the vertical deformation dc shall be measured. The load shall be returned to 0,50 kN. After 30 min the residual deformation dr shall be measured.当刹车锁住时，50kn的初始垂直载荷是可以的。岔道里的弹簧片应该按照原始的垂直位移测量，剩余的变形dr。载荷应该增加到最大测试载荷，维持一分钟，测量垂直变形。载荷回归到0.30分钟后，测试残余变形的数据。 The test shall meet both of the following requirements:测试必须满足下面两个要求： residual deformation dr after 30 min shall not be more than 1,5 mm;30分钟后残余变形不应该大于1.5 mm total deformation dc shall not be more than 15 mm.总变形不应大于15mm。The service load is verified if all five tests meet the test requirements.如果所有五项测试都满足要求，工作载荷方可确认。7.5.4 Wheels 轮子Wheels shall be of punctureless type.轮子应该是无孔类型。-Access type C: Inclined ladder; -Access type D: Vertical ladder. A- 楼梯； B- 扶梯； C- 斜梯； D- 直梯。 Where a range of access types is provided, a combined classification is used. 如果知道了路径类型的范围，那么就可以使用组合分类。 EXAMPLES 例子 Type AXCX means that stairways and inclined ladders can be provided. Type ABCD means that all four types of access can be provided. NOTE: The X in the designation means that those types of access are not provided. 类型 AXCA 意味着路径中的楼梯和斜梯。 类型 ABCD 意味着所有的 4 种路径。 注：X 的意思不是其中任何一种。 7.6.2 General requirements 7.6.2 总体要求总体要求 Access to platforms in an assembled tower shall be within the main structural supports and shall: - be secured against unintentional loosening; - not rest on the ground; - have a distance from the ground to the first step or rung of 400 mm maximum (if the first step is a platform, 600 mm is allowable); - have steps/rungs with constant spacing and a slip resistant surface. 已装配脚手架的进入路径必须在脚手架的主要主结构内： 确保安全不会松散； 不能放置在地上； 地面到第一个横杆的距离最大为 400 毫米，如果第一层是平台，则距离可以是 600 毫米； 横杆必须保持固定的间距和防滑表面。 7.6.3 Requirements for stairway and stair la
