被动语态讲解及练习 人教版新目标英语九年级.doc

新目标英语初中被动语态讲解及练习 一、动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者；被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。二、被动语态的构成基本结构是：“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”。各种时态的主动语态和被动语态的相互变化关系见下表：主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does am/is/aredone 一般过去时 did was/weredone 含有情态动词 can/may/must/need/should.do can/may/must/need/should.bedone 一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时现在完成时过去完成时三、主动语态变被动语态的方法1转换示意图： 2主动语态变被动语态的步骤时态与原句保持一致。把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语(如果是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格)。把谓语变成被动结构“be过去分词”结构(要注意原句的时态和主语的单复数)。把主动语态中的主语改为by构成的介词短语，放在谓语动词之后(by短语有时可省略)。如：We clean the classroom every day. 我们天天打扫教室。The classroom is cleaned (by us) every day. 教室天天(被我们)打扫。We must send the girl to the hospital at once. 我们必须马上把这女孩送到医院。The girl must be sent to the hospital at once (by us). 这女孩必须马上(被我们)送到医院。四、被动语态的用法1不知道谁是动作的执行者时。 如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道是谁偷的)2没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。如：Books mustnt be taken out of the library. 书不准被带出图书馆。3强调或突出动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者时。如：The boy was beaten by his father because of his bad grade. 因为成绩不好，这个男孩被他爸爸打了。 4当动作的执行者指“物”时，多用被动语态。如：The window was broken by wind. 窗户被风刮坏了。5表示客观的说明，常用“It is过去分词that从句”句型。如：It is said/believed/reported/known that. 据说/大家相信/据报道/众所周知 6文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语也常使用被动语态。Teacher wanted.(招聘老师，省去了are) Road Blocked.(道路堵塞，省去了is)五、在含有被动语态的句子中，需要注意的问题1牢记有些动词(如happen，take place，belong to，cost，fit，arrive at/in，take part in，die，come，go，fall ，sell, write等不及物动词)没有被动语态。如：Great changes have taken place in China in the past 30 years.在过去30年里中国发生了巨大的变化。The books sell well. 这些书很畅销。 The pen writes well.这钢笔很好写。但是： This book was sold by me yesterday. 这本书昨天被我卖了。 (sell 作及物动词时，有被动语态。)2系动词(如look，feel，sound，taste，become，turn，get，stay等)的主动形式表示被动意义。如： The food tastes delicious. 食物尝起来好吃。3使役动词和感官动词(如make，let，have，see，watch，hear，feel，notice等)后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时省略了“to”，但变为被动句时则要还原上“to”。如：The boss made us work ten hours a day. We were made to work ten hours a day (by the boss)4带双宾语的动词(如give，pass，show，buy，borrow，make等)的被动语态，通常把间接宾语(人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(物)仍保留在谓语之后；有些则把指物的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而间接宾语(指人)则要在其前面加相应的介词to或for。如：My mother gave me a book. I was given a book (by my mother)A book was given_to me (by my mother)My mother bought me a book.I was bought a book (by my mother)A book was bought for_ me (by my mother)5动词短语变为被动语态时，要把这些短语看成一个整体(相当于一个动词)，不能漏掉其中的介词或副词。如：We should speak to _old people politely.Old people should be spoken to politely (by us)The nurses look after the patients well.The patients are looked after well (by the nurses).熟记下列短语：be made of 由制成（可以看出原材料） Books are made of paper.be made from由制成（看不出原材料） Paper is made from wood.be made in 在某地生产制造 The bike was made in China.be made by 被某人制造 The windows were made by workers.be made into 被制成 Glass can be made into many things.be made up of 由组成 The hospital is made up of doctors and nurses.be made with 用工具制成 The painting was made with a knife by him.be used to do sth 被用来做某事 Books are used to read.be used for doing sth 被用来做某事Books are used for reading.be used by sb 被某人使用 Books are used by students.used to do sth 曾经做某事 be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事I used to get up late, but now I am used to getting up early.被动语态巩固练习：单项填空题1. The trees must （water） three times a week.2. Mr. Chen has a loud voice. His voice can _(hear) clearly even in that big classroom.3. Mr. Johnsons story _ (laugh) by everyone in my hometown.4. Another new library _(build) last month in my hometown.5. A strange thing _ (happen) in our school yesterday.6.The windows of our house _(clean) once a week.7. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river.A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throw8. You may go fishing if your work _.A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done9. -I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhangs home just now. -Yes, she is often seen _(help) the old man with his housework.10. We are glad that our classroom building _(complete) soon.11. Chinese _ (speak) by the largest number of people in the world.12. Football _ (play) all over the world.( )13. Dont worry. All the children _ by the nurses.A. are well taken care of B. take good care of C. are taken good care of D. take good care( ) 14. The books may_ for two weeks.A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow15. The bridges_(build) two years ago.( ) 16. The teapot _ water. A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled( )17. Old people must be looked after well and _ politely.A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to( ) 18.Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday.A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said( ) 19. The boy_ streets without pay in the old days.A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean( ) 20. The bike _ 500 yuan.A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed( )21. English _ in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( )22. This English song_ by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( )23.This kind of car _ in Japan.A. makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 24. This new book is worth .A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads( )25.Our room must _ clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( )26. A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B.is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 27. The key needs .A.cleaning B. to be cleaned C. cleaned D.A and B are right. ( ) 28.Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( ) 29.His new book_ next month.A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published( ) 30.Who was the book_?A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by