Unit5单词讲义 人教版七年级英语上册.docx

人教版英语七年级上册 U5单词讲义一、掌握用have句型谈论物品的所属关系。二、掌握本单元出现的一些重点词汇和重要句型，并能灵活运用。三、掌握正确地使用have的一般现在时的用法。四、【重要词汇】1. do （do-does-dont-doesnt）vt. 做，干 do ones homework 做作业 do house work 做家务 do/play sports 做运动 do well in (doing) sth=be good at (doing) sth 擅长于做某事aux. 助动词，无实际意义，在不含be动词或情态动词的句子中帮助构成否定句和疑问句,其后加动词原形。I have a pen. （肯定句）I dont have a pen.（否定句） Do you have a pen?（一般疑问句） -Yes, I do./No, I dont.What do you have a pen?（特殊疑问句）He likes blue.（肯定句）He doesnt like blue.（否定句） Does he like blue?（一般疑问句）-Yes, he does./No, he doesnt.What color does he have like?（特殊疑问句）句型总结：(1)非三单主语+dont+实义动词原形+其它。（否定句） My parents dont like playing computer games. (2) 三单主语+doesnt+实义动词原形+其它。（否定句） Tom doesnt like playing computer games. (3) Do+非三单主语+实义动词原形+其它？（一般疑问句） - Do your friends like playing computer games? -Yes, they do. No, they dont. 肯定回答：Yes，主语对应代词+do. 否定回答：No，主语对应代词+dont. (4) Does +三单主语+实义动词原形+其它？（一般疑问句） -Does your friend Jane like playing computer games? -Yes, she does. -No, she doesnt.肯回答：Yes，主语对应代词+does.否定回答：No，主语对应代词+doesnt. (5) 特殊疑问词+do +非三单主语+实义动词原形+其它？（特殊疑问句）Why do your friends like playing computer games?(6) 特殊疑问词+does +三单主语+实义动词原形+其它？（特殊疑问句）Why does your friend like playing computer games?2. have （have-has-having-had-had）1 v. 有 （注意与there be 句型进行区分）I have many books. 2 v. 吃have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner 吃早/午/晚/大餐have sth for breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner 吃当早/午/晚/大餐I have two eggs and a bottle of milk for breakfast.3 v. 举行have a class meeting开班会 have a sports meeting 开运动会4 v. 患病have a cold 感冒 have a headache 头痛 have the flu 患流感5 其它固定搭配：have a look 看一看，have a walk 散步【区分】there be也表示 “有，存在”，通常不清楚某物为某人所有，使用该句型。There is a tree in front of out classroom.have 表示的“有”，为有人称的有，也就是能明确东西归谁所有。He has a pen.3. let vt. 让，允许 let sb (not) do sth 让某人（不）做某事 Let him go.4. go （go-goes-going-went-gone）vi. 去go to school 去上学 go to the park 去公园 go to bed去睡觉 go home 回家link v. （系动词），意为“变”，后接adj., 表示发生不好的变化go bad 变质 go crazy 疯了 go wrong 进展不好，出事了其它常见搭配：go+doing 去干什么go shopping 去购物 go hiking 去徒步 go boating 去划船go fishing 去钓鱼 go swimming 去游泳 go skating 去溜冰5. late adj. 迟到 be late for school/work 上学/班迟到 see you later 过会见6. get （get-gets-getting-got-got）vt.得到 I get a job in the university（大学）. /get a prize（奖） 得奖vt.取 get sth for sb 为某人取某物 Can you get the book for me?link v. 意为“变”，后接adj., 表示渐变的过程。It is getting warmer and warmer. 天气越来越暖和。其它常见搭配：get to+sp 到达某地， get home 到家 get there 到那里 get up 起床get on 上（车、船、飞机等）The bus is coming. Lets get on the bus.车来了，我们上车。get off 下（车、船、飞机等）Look, Jack is getting off the bus. 看，Jack即将下车了。7. play （play-plays-playing-played-played-player）vt. 玩，打play computer games 打电脑游戏 play basketball/tennis/ping-pong/volleyball 打篮球/网球/乒乓球/排球play soccer/football 踢足球（注意表示玩球类运动时，球类前不加冠词）play cards 打牌 play chess 下棋vt.弹奏，演奏play the piano/guitar（吉他）/violin（小提琴）弹钢琴/吉他/小提琴play erhu （注意一般情况下，西洋乐器前要加冠词the）vt. 播放 play the music常见词组：play for 为效力 play against 与对抗 play with 与一起玩play a part/role in (doing)sth 在（做）中扮演角色play a trick on sb 捉弄某人8. sound link v. 意为听起来，后接adj 或名词作表语，构成系表结构、That sounds great/terrible. 听起来棒极了/可怕极了。Sounds a good idea.听起来是个好主意。n. 声音，泛指耳朵能听到的任何声音，如动物、碰撞声、人声等。 The Sound of Music 音乐之声Sound travels slower than light. 声音传播比光慢。【区分】voice, noise, soundvoice n. 嗓音，一般指人的声音 Her voice is sweet. 她嗓音甜美。noise n. 噪音，常指不悦耳的声音Noise pollution does harms to our ears.噪音污染对我们的耳朵有害。【辨析】listen, hear, sound（1）listen v. 听，强调听的过程。We listen to the teacher carefully. 我们认真听老师讲。（2）hear v. 听见，强调听的结果。We cant hear the singer because we sit far away. 我听不见歌手在唱什么，因为我们做得很远。（3）sound v. 听起来，为系动词。That sounds very interesting. 那听起来很有趣。【拓展】常见的连系动词有：be动词（am，is, are）；和感官有关的词（look 看起来， feel 摸起来，taste 吃起来，smell 闻起来）；表示改变，变化含义的词（get，become，turn，go, come）；以及其他常用词seem等，这些词通常后接形容词或名词构成系表结构。9. interesting（有趣的）-interested（有兴趣的）adj. ing结尾的通常用来修饰物，ed 结尾的用来形容人。The movie is interesting. And Im interested in it. be interested in (doing) sth 对（做）感兴趣【类似的词】boring（令人无聊的）-bored（无聊）A boring movie makes me bored.relaxing（令人放松的）-relaxed（放松的）Im relaxed because of the relaxing music.exciting （令人兴奋的）-excited（兴奋的）He feels excited about the exciting news.surprising（令人吃惊de）-surprised （吃惊的）She is surprised to get a surprising gift.moving（令人感动的）-moved（感动的）It is a moving story that Im so moved.10. fun （fun-funny）UN. 乐趣， 通常为不可数名词 have fun =have a good time/day=enjoy oneself玩得愉快We had a lot of fun yesterday. 昨天我们玩的很开心。have fun doing sth 做是好玩的We have fun playing computer games.funny 是fun的形容词，意为“有趣的，令人愉快的”，形容词。多用于口语中，相当于interesting。例如：a funny film 一部有趣的电影11. difficult （difficult-difficultly-difficulty）adj. 困难的，it is difficult for sb to do sth 对某人而言，做是困难的It is difficult for me to learn English.形转副-difficultly The task（任务） is difficult. So he finished it difficultly.形转名，difficult-difficulty-difficulties困难have difficulty/trouble in (doing) sth 在（做）有困难I have difficulty/trouble in learning English.12. watch n. 手表 pl. watchesv.看 watch TV 看电视 watch a movie 看电影【区别】look ,强调看的动作，看、看着；后加宾语要加介词at, look at the picturesee, 强调看的结果，I see your ruler on the table.watch,盯着，含有监视之意。一般指看动态的东西，例如：节目、比赛等。read意为“读书，看报”等。 read a book 看书13. same- 反：different adj. 相同的1 A+ be the same as+B A与B相同 A be different from B A与B不同2 look the same 看起来一样 look different 看起来不一样3 the same+单数名词 同一个 different+pl 不同的It is boring to listen to the same story. 听相同的故事是令人厌烦的。My mother always tells me different stories. 我妈妈总给我讲不同的故事。14. love (love-loves-loving-loved-loved-lovely)vt. 爱， love doing/to do sth 两者区别在于love/like to do 是偶然一次喜欢做某事，love/like doing 是习惯性的喜欢做某事。同样的词，还有like。n. 爱意，热爱，通常为不可数名词。 名转形lovely adj. 可爱的It is a lovely dog.15. with （with-without）prep. 具有，后接名词或动词的ing形式with ones help=with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下肯定转否定，without his help, I cant finish my task.没有他的帮助，我完不成我的任务。16. sportn.运动 play/do sports 做运动sport 作定语修饰另外一个名词时，要用复数形式。sports meeting 运动会 sports shoes 运动鞋 sports shoes 运动服17. like （like-likes-liking-liked-liked-dislike v. 不喜欢-unlike prep.不像）vt. 喜欢， 后接名词I like ping-pong after school. 我喜欢乒乓球。vt. 喜欢，后接to do或doing sth 【拓展】like to do sth./like doing sth.表示“喜欢做某事”。两者区别在于like to do 是偶然一次喜欢做某事，like doing 是习惯性的喜欢做某事。I like playing basketball, but today I like to play football. 我喜欢打打篮球，但是今天我喜欢踢足球。prep. 像，作为介词，无人称变化He looks like me. 他看起来像我。He likes fruit, like apples, bananas and oranges.18. easy （easy-easily）adj. 简单的,容易的 ，形转副It is an easy question. And I can answer it easily.19. only adv. 只, 注意位置，be后行前He is only a kid.He only does his homework after dinner.adj.表示“唯一的；仅有的”，在句中常作定语。例如：This is their only son. 这是他们唯一的儿子。20. after class 下课后 after school 放学后