中考英语动词的时态和语态解题技巧与讲解专项练习.docx

动词的时态和语态一、动词的时态时态基本结构及时间标志词常见用法及例句一般现在时结构主语+am/is/are主语+动词原形/动词单三形式(1) 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与表频度的时间状语连用。My mother often does housework. 我妈妈经常做家务。(2) 描述现在的情况、状态等。He speaks Russian very well. 他讲俄语讲得很好。(3) 描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等。Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。(4) 在含时间状语从句或条件状语从句的复合句中,若主句用一般将来时,则从句用一般现在时表示将来。Ill ring you up if he comes back tomorrow. 如果他明天回来,我就给你打电话。4. go, come, leave, arrive等瞬间动词常用一般现在时表示计划、安排好的将要发生的动作。The train for Beijing leaves at 5: 30. 开往北京的火车5: 30离开。标志词1. 频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, hardly2. 频率词组：once a year, twice a month, three times a day等3. 其他词组：in the morning, on Sundays, at weekends, everyday/year一般过去时结构主语+was/ were主语+动词过去式1. 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。通常与yesterday, last year, in 1976, a few months ago等表示过去的时间状语连用。I met him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上遇到他了。2. 表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。通常与often, usually, seldom等表示频率的副词连用, 但这种用法是以一个过去时间为前提的。He often went to school by bus last term. 上学期他经常乘公共汽车去上学。标志词1. ago系列2. yesterday、last及yesterday、last系列3. just now, in the past, in 1920等4. at the age of, used to5. one day, long long ago, once upon a time, at that time 一般将来时结构主语+will+动词原形主语+be going to +动词原形主语+be+doing (go, come leave, stay, start, begin等)1. 表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与tomorrow, soon, later, next time, in+一段时间等连用。Ill start tomorrow. 我明天动身。2.“be going to +动词原形”用于表示主观上打算将来要做某事, 这种打算往往是事先安排好的或表示可能要发生或肯定要发生的事情。Im going to Beijing tomorrow. 我打算明天去北京。3.“be +doing”表示按计划安排好的事情, 常与少量表示位置移动的动词, 如go, come, start, move, leave等连用。Im leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天要动身去北京。 4. 在表示车、船、飞机等的进出时间时, 可以用一般现在时表示将来。My plane takes off at 6: 30 am. 我乘坐的飞机将在早上6: 30起飞。标志词1. tomorrow, soon, tonight2. next week/ month(next 系列)3. in a week, in+未来年份 in+一段时间4. one day, in the (near) future现在进行时结构主语+am/is/are+V-ing形式1. 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。 What are you doing? I am doing my homework.2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。I am writing a novel recently.3. go, leave, arrive, start等动词用现在进行时表将来。Im leaving tonight. I have got my plane ticket.标志词1. now, right now2. at present, at this time, at the moment3. these days4. when, while5. look, listen过去进行时结构主语+was/were+V-ing形式1. 表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作，或用另一动作来表示过去的时间。 What was he doing at 9:00 yesterday morning? He was having breakfast.2. 过去进行时常和always等时间副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩。 He was forever complaining about something.标志词1. then2. at that time, at ten yesterday, at this time yesterday3. when/while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句现在完成时结构主语+has/have+动词过去分词1. 表示过去发生的动作或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 Have you finished your homework? Yes, I have.2. 表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态，也许还要持续下去，常和for, since连用，表示持续的动作或状态。They have lived here for twenty years.3. 特殊用法： have/has gone to 去而未归 have/has been to 去而复返 have/has been in 仍在某地标志词1. already, ever, never, just, yet, still2. recently, lately, so fa, up to/ till now3. in the past/ last three years/4. since 1998, since+时间点5. since +时间段+ ago6. since+从句（过去时）7. for +时间段二、解题技巧1. 细心体会辨语境句中没有明显的时间状语的时候，要分析语境，然后利用所学知识判断用何种时态。When I was a child, my grandmother often _ (tell) me interesting stories.2. 识别标志词特定的时间状语往往标志着特定的时态，题目若已经给出了时间状语，则只需牢记这些时间状语所对应的时态。Susan always knows what she really wants and works hard. We all believe that she _(achieve) her dream in the near future.3. 主从时态需呼应（1）“主将从现”原则。如果主句时一般将来时，从句使由when, after, as soon as, if, unless, as long as, in case引导的状语从句，从句应用一般现在时表将来。When we _ (finish) building the Subway Line3, it will be easier to travel around the city.（2）“时态一致”原则。在主从复合句中，当主句的时态为过去的时态，从句的时态需用某种相应的果实时态（表示客观真理时用一般现在时）；主句时态为现在的时态，从句时态可根据具体情况使用。I didnt pay attention to what you _ (say). Could you please tell me again?4. 特定对应关系要铭记有些动词与时态有着特定的对应关系，如look, listen, see, hear, find等词用法对应上下文的时态有相应的提示作用。Listen! Someone _ (sing) in the classroom. How sweet his voice is!5. 固定句型要对应（1）在英语中，不少句型与一些动词在时态的运用方面都存在着特定的对应关系，如在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中，陈述句用一般将来时，即“will+动词原形”。Dont stay up late, or you _ (feel) sleepy tomorrow.（2）在This/That/It is the first time that句型中that引导的从句用现在完成时。（其中first也可换成second, third, fourth等，time也可以换成其它名词。）This is the second time that I _ (go) to Tibet in this season.三、动词的语态常见的四种时态的被动语态结构1. 一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词2. 一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+过去分词3. 一般将来时的被动语态：will/shall/be going to+be+过去分词4. 含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词主动语态变被动语态的方法：主变宾，宾变主，谓语动词变被动四、动词在词汇运用、综合填空中的运用（一）判断方法1. 判定空格处是否填动词动词是用来描述主语的动作行为或状态的词，在句子中作谓语，是句子不可缺少的部分，用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。如果句中没有谓语，则可判定此处应填动词。2. 填动词原形（1）谓语情态动词或将来时的助动词之后。（2）在动词不定式符号之后。（3）祈使句以动词开头，或let等使役动词之后，需填动词原形。（4）一般现在时中，非第三人称单数的主语+动词原形。3. 填动词单三形式（针对一般现在时）（1）数词+kilometers/meters等作主语。（2）主语为专有名词时。（3）There be句型的一般现在时中。（4）句中有时间标志词：every day/week/month/year且主语为第三人称单数。（5）指示代词作主语。（6）主谓一致：neithernor; the number of修饰主语。（7）复合不定代词作主语。（8）不可数名词作主语。4. 填动词过去式（1）发生在过去的事情。（2）有明显的表示过去的时间状语的标志。（3）动词过去式+and/or+动词过去式。（4）主从句时态一致，当从句为一般过去时，主句通常也用过去时态。5. 填动词过去分词（1）be+过去分词，表示被动。（2）与have/has构成现在完成时。（3）过去分词作定语。6. 填动词现在分词（1）be+现在分词，表示进行时。（2）while引导的时间状语从句。（3）主从句时态一致，当从句为一般过去时，主句通常也用与过去时相关的时态。7. 填动名词（1）介词+动名词。（2）部分动词+动名词。（like, avoid, finish, enjoy, mind, suggest, stop等）（3）动名词作主语。（4）固定搭配。8. 填名词（1）句子缺少宾语，谓语动词+名词或者挖空处位于介词后。（2）句子缺少主语，通常位于句首。（3）句子缺少表语，通常位于be动词后。（4）冠词+名词。（二）变形规律1. 动词的变化规则形式构成第三人称单数1. 一般动词在词尾加s2. 以字母s，x，ch，sh结尾的动词加es3. 以o结尾的动词一般加es4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加es过去式与过去分词1. 一般在动词词尾加-ed2. 以不发音e结尾的动词后直接加-d3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词应将y变为i，再加-ed4. 以中重读音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母，再加-ed现在分词与动名词1. 一般在动词原形后直接加-ing2. 以不发音字母e结尾的动词去e，再加-ing3. 以中重读音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母，再加-ing4. 少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加-ing2. 动词变名词的变化规则（1）v.+-er/or/rlead- _ own-_ read-_ report- _ sing- _ teach-_wait- _ work- _ act-_direct-_ invent-_ visit-_dance-_ drive-_(2) v.+-mentachieve-_ agree-_ develop-_move-_ punish-_ treat-_(3) v.+-ion/-ation或去e+-ion/-tion/-ationcollect-_ direct-_ suggest-_explain-_ educate-_ pollute-_introduce-_ examine-_ imagine-_invite-_(4) v.+ing或双写辅音字母+-ingmeet-_ feel-_ begin-_ swim-_(5)特殊变形choose-_ die-_ fail-_ weigh-_3.动词不规则变化(1) AAA型cost, cut, fit, hurt, hit, let, put, read, set, spread, shut(2) AAB型beat(3) ABB型a. 在动词原形后加一个辅音字母的，t或ed构成burn, deal, dream, hear, learn, mean, smell, spellb. 把动词原形最后一个辅音字母 “d”改为“t”构成build, lend, send, spendc. 原形-ought-oughtbring, buy, fight, thinkd. 原形-aught-aughtcatch, teache. 变其中一个元音字母dig, feed, find, get, hang, hold, lead, meet, shine, sit, winf. 其它feel, keep, leave, sleep, lay, pay, say, stand, understand, lose, have, make, sell, tell(5) ABC型a. 原形-过去式-原形+（e）nblow, draw, drive, eat, give, grow, know, mistake, take, throw, rise, see, shakeb.原形-过去式-过去式+（e）nbreak, choose, speak, stealc. 把重读闭音节中的元音字母 “i”变为“a”和 “u”begin, drink, sing, swim, ringd. 其它be(am,is,are), do, fly, go, lie, wear微考场1. In may counties, such a New Zeal-and, Canada, and Brazil, forest wee cut down to_ (提供) wood to build houses.2. The West Lake_ (位于) in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.3. Sometimes the meaning can change, depending on the country where it is _ (说).4. At noon, the headmaster and other teachers order a special lunch and _ (招待) it to the students. 5. In China, it_ (取决于)on where you are.6. Every summer, there_ (be)hundreds of kinds of beautiful lotuses that are enjjoyed by millions of visitors from home and abroad.7. In Autumn. the enjoyable weather is right for _ (walk) round or going boating on the lake.8. It was on the Broken Bridge that Bai Suzhen first met her_(love), Xu Xian.9. Friends are important to everyone, however, some people may have trouble_ (keep) their friendships.10. If youve heard something bad about your friends, _ (find)a proper way of asking them about it by yourself.11. A recent study suggests that what we are used to_ (do) is not so good.12. Some people were _ (ask) to take photos before they could enjoy food.13. So, next time you go out to have dinner with your family or friends, how about not_ ( take )photos of food?15. Chinese huo guo is_(write) in two words- hot pot; and hotpot, one word, is a traditional English dish.16. These young men and women f_ many difficulties when they plat new trees.17. They b_ that in 50 years their little trees will become beautiful forests.18. He was also a famous philosopher whose wise saying have i_ many people in different countries.19. As Chinese students, we must know something about a great man c_Zheng He.20. At that time, the compass p_an important role in his sailing.21. After all, the tickets are s_, one ticket is drawn.22. Beethoven and Mozart w_ great classical music.23. As a result, it showed that the more photos they took, the less delicious the food _to them.24. When 1 knew there was going to_a free meal of hotpot to welcome the new students, I was s0 excited that 1 went to the canteen quickly.微提升25. The use of the new energy helps to_ (减少)air pollution. How amazing it is!26. Someone always says "The grass is always greener on the other side." But when he could go to the distant place, he_ (发现) that life there is just as difficult.27. She always _ (携带) a big cloth bag whenever she goes shopping. How green she is!28. With the development of China, Chinese is_ (说) by a large number of people all over the world.29. Our school life has_ (改变) a lot since 2017.We have more activities now.30. Cindy has _ (collect) hundreds of stamps from different countries by the time she graduated from university.31. I cant tell you what she said because Ive _ ( promise) to keep it a secret.32. All the flowers have _ (come) out. The sweet smell spreads the whole room and makes me comfortable.33. Try_ ( accept) different peoples hobbies and habits. Then you will find it easy to get on well with others.34. After_ (train) for three weeks, they finally won the first prize in the competition.35. This inventor who worked in that laboratory imagined _ (invent) a new kind of robot which could move exactly as humans do.36. After Alice finished _(read) the story, she wrote a review for her school newspaper.37. If you just listen to English without _(use) it, you cannot make progress in English learning.38. The _ (act) was happy that he became a role in a movie, though the role was a small one.