英语词性及句子成分讲稿.ppt

关于英语词性及句子成分第一页，讲稿共七十三页哦复习：词性词性根据词的特点我们把词划分为名词、名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、冠词等。连词、冠词等。第二页，讲稿共七十三页哦词类词类作作 用用例例 词词1.（n.）名名 词词表示人或事表示人或事物的名称。物的名称。I bought a book.She is a student.2.(pron.）代代词词代替名代替名词词、数数词词等。等。This is my friend.He likes that book becauseit is very useful to him.PartsofSpeach第三页，讲稿共七十三页哦3.（adj.）形容形容词词表示人或表示人或事物的特事物的特征或性状。征或性状。He is small but he is clever.The red pen is useful for the teacher.He painted the wall white yesterday.第四页，讲稿共七十三页哦4.(num.）数）数词词表示数表示数目或目或顺顺序。序。There are ten apples on the table and I will take the first one.5.（v.）动动 词词表示表示动动作或状作或状态态。We are working hard at English.I want to become an engineer.第五页，讲稿共七十三页哦6.（adv.）副副 词词表示表示动动作作的特征或的特征或性状特征。性状特征。I like English very much.The teacher treats us kindly.The train goes fast.He seldom comes to see us.7.(prep.）介介 词词表示名表示名词词、代代词词和其和其他他词词之之间间的关系。的关系。He usually stay at home on Sundays.第六页，讲稿共七十三页哦8.（conj.）连词连词连连接接词词与与词词或句与句的或句与句的作用。作用。He and I are in the same class and we are good friends.Two or three of us can dance well but I cant.9.(interj.）感感叹词叹词表示表示强强烈的烈的感情感情Oh!How beautiful the scene is!What a good idea!Goodness!10.（art.）冠冠词词用来限制名用来限制名词词的意的意义义I have a pet dog.The dog is very lovely.He is an old man but very strong.第七页，讲稿共七十三页哦1.名词名词表示人和事物的名称。学校寒假圣诞节城市猫咪书本李白友谊schoolwintervacationChristmascitycatbookLiBaifriendship第八页，讲稿共七十三页哦专有名词专有名词eg:Womenin Love,James,theAlps普通名词普通名词注意：可数名词（注意：可数名词（cn.）不可数名词（不可数名词（un.）eg:advice,baggage,furniture,homework,information,knowledge,luggage,money,news,progress（名词的数与格）（名词的数与格）第九页，讲稿共七十三页哦refuseschool/visit/writeart America/musicpaint/build/write/learn/feelact/dicide/solvepure/real/majorrefusalscholar/visitor/writerartistAmerican/musicianpainting/building/writing etc.action/decision/solutionpurity/reality/majority第十页，讲稿共七十三页哦treat/move/judge/punish/argue/developkind/tired/darkdeep/long/strong/true/wide/warm/growtreatment/movement/judgment/punishment/argument/developmentkindness/tiredness/darknessdepth/length/strength/width/truth/warmth/growth第十一页，讲稿共七十三页哦2.代代词词:代替名词等代替名词等 eg:he his this himself what when something etc.人称代词人称代词,物主代词物主代词,指示代词指示代词,反身代词反身代词,疑疑问代词问代词,关系代关系代词词,不定代不定代词词 etc.第十二页，讲稿共七十三页哦3.形容词形容词：表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的：表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词词eg:beautiful flowers something important(good better best)第十三页，讲稿共七十三页哦value/move/rely/comfort/reasonnature/nation/traditionabsence/difference/distance/importanceinterest/disappoint/carevaluable/movable/reliable/comfortable/reasonablenatural/national/traditionalabsent/different/distant/importantinteresting/interested/disappointing/disappointed/caring第十四页，讲稿共七十三页哦child/fool/selfact/create/impressbeauty/care/helpvary/danger/couragehome/breath/harmchildish/foolish/selfishactive/creative/impressivebeautiful/careful/helpfulvarious/dangerous/courageoushomeless/breathless/harmless第十五页，讲稿共七十三页哦4.数词：数词：表示数目多少(基数词基数词)或顺序多少的词(序数词序数词)eg:two,second(twice,one-thirdetc.)第十六页，讲稿共七十三页哦5.动词动词:表示动作或者状态表示动作或者状态eg:run,work,sleep按功能：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词（eg:sleepremainhavecan）按形态按形态:原形、第三人称单数、过去式、原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词、现在分词过去分词、现在分词etc.(时态与语态时态与语态)(eg:dodoesdiddonedoing)第十七页，讲稿共七十三页哦时态时态主动语态主动语态一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成时将来完成时willdowoulddodo/doesdidis/am/aredoingwas/weredoinghas/havedonehaddonehas/havebeendoinghadbeendoingwillhavedone第十八页，讲稿共七十三页哦时态时态被动语态被动语态一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成时将来完成时willbedonewouldbedoneis/am/aredonewas/weredoneis/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdonehas/havebeendonehadbeendonewillhavebeendone第十九页，讲稿共七十三页哦6.副词副词:在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，修饰修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。地点、程度、方式等概念。eg:alwaysoutsideproperlyveryhowIlikeEnglishverymuch注意：注意：adjadv（一般直接加（一般直接加,“元元e”去去e加加,“辅辅y”改改i加加,“le”结尾结尾e改改y）第二十页，讲稿共七十三页哦1).直接直接+lycareless,quiet,different,beautiful,careful,recent2).以以le 结尾的形容词去结尾的形容词去e+y terrible terribly possible possibly comfortable comfortably gentle gently simple simply reasonable reasonably probable probably第二十一页，讲稿共七十三页哦3).以以e 结尾的结尾的wise wisely nice nicely polite politely fortunate fortunately close closely immediateimmediately注意：注意：true truly dull dully whole wholly full fully第二十二页，讲稿共七十三页哦4).以以“y”结尾的结尾的,读音为读音为/i/,变变“y”为为“i+ly”eg:happy-happily;heavy-heavily;angry-angrily;busy-busily 读音为读音为/ai/，直接加直接加lyeg：dry-dryly;sly-slyly;shy-shyly第二十三页，讲稿共七十三页哦5).以以ic结尾的结尾的+allyenergeticenergeticallyscientificscientificallypublicpublicly（例外）（例外）第二十四页，讲稿共七十三页哦7.介词：介词：词与词、词与句之间的关系词与词、词与句之间的关系eg:beside，along，across,throughin front of 第二十五页，讲稿共七十三页哦8.连词连词:连接词与词，短语与短语，句与句连接词与词，短语与短语，句与句eg:and,but,or,nor,so,aswellas,bothand,notonlybutalso,eitheror,neithernor,(and)thenwhen,where,because第二十六页，讲稿共七十三页哦9.感叹词感叹词Wow!Eh.etc.第二十七页，讲稿共七十三页哦10.冠词冠词eg:theaan/第二十八页，讲稿共七十三页哦 But Jane knew from past experience that her (choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.(2009)We should consider the (important)of this matter seriously.choiceimportance被形容词修饰被形容词修饰,用名词用名词被冠词修饰，用名词被冠词修饰，用名词第二十九页，讲稿共七十三页哦We felt a great sense of (achieve)when we finally entered the key universities.achievement作介词作介词of的宾语，用名词的宾语，用名词第三十页，讲稿共七十三页哦This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their （nature）course.(2008)Mary felt (please),because there were many empty seats in the room.naturalpleased用形容词修饰名词用形容词修饰名词作表语用形容词，表人感到怎样，用作表语用形容词，表人感到怎样，用-ed形式形式第三十一页，讲稿共七十三页哦Having sports makes us (health)and strong.healthy作补语用形容词作补语用形容词第三十二页，讲稿共七十三页哦We drank together and talked （merry）till far into the night.(2007)His teacher took a deep drink,smiled (warm),and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.(2010)merrilywarmly修饰动词修饰动词talked用副词用副词修饰动词修饰动词smiled用副词用副词第三十三页，讲稿共七十三页哦He must be (mental)disabled.(2011)(luck),the hero died in a car accident two years ago.mentallyUnluckily修饰形容词disabled用副词修饰后面整个句子用副词第三十四页，讲稿共七十三页哦The water was simply the container for an act ofkindness and love.Nothing could be_ (sweet).”(2010)But he felt very happy since the crop did“grow”_（high）。）。(2008)sweeterhigher否定加比较级等最高级，按句意：没有什么比这更甜否定加比较级等最高级，按句意：没有什么比这更甜的了。的了。修饰动词修饰动词grow还是用副词，按句意：的确还是用副词，按句意：的确长得更高了。长得更高了。第三十五页，讲稿共七十三页哦After the earthquake many people become_(home).It is (legal)to break into other peoples houses and steal things.homelessillegal系动词后用形容词，按句意：地震后很多人变系动词后用形容词，按句意：地震后很多人变得无家可归。得无家可归。系动词后用形容词，按句意：闯进别人家偷东西系动词后用形容词，按句意：闯进别人家偷东西是违法的。是违法的。第三十六页，讲稿共七十三页哦组组成句子的各个部分叫成句子的各个部分叫句句子成分子成分。英。英语语句子成分主句子成分主要有主要有主语语、谓语谓语、宾语宾语、表表语语、定、定语语、补语补语、状、状语语等。等。句子成分第三十七页，讲稿共七十三页哦一、主语一、主语主语（主语（subject）：）：句子说明的人或事物。主句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于语一般位于_。1.Lucy likes her new bike.2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.句首句首第三十八页，讲稿共七十三页哦1.We love China.2.We have finished reading this book.3.He can speak English.4.She seems tired.二、谓语二、谓语谓语谓语:说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常由。通常由_ 充当充当.动词动词第三十九页，讲稿共七十三页哦情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当谓语不能单独充当谓语,必须必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They can speak English well.They are playing over there.第四十页，讲稿共七十三页哦1）状态系动词：）状态系动词：be(am is are was were)He is a teacher.2）持续系动词）持续系动词:keep,remain,stay etc.He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。他开会时总保持沉默。系动词系动词第四十一页，讲稿共七十三页哦3）看起来像）看起来像:seem,appear,look etc.He looks tired.He seems(to be)very sad.4）感官系动词：）感官系动词：feel,smell,sound,tasteThis flower smells very sweet.第四十二页，讲稿共七十三页哦5）变化系动词：）变化系动词：become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come etc.He became mad after that.6）终止系动词）终止系动词:prove,turn outThe rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。这谣言证实有假。His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。他的计划终于成功了。第四十三页，讲稿共七十三页哦三、宾语三、宾语宾语宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_或或_后面后面.1.We study English.2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.双宾语双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。He gave me two books.及物动词及物动词介词介词第四十四页，讲稿共七十三页哦表语表语：跟在：跟在系动词后系动词后面的词语或从句面的词语或从句,用来说明用来说明主语的身份主语的身份,特征特征,状态状态.The trees turn green.The flower is beautiful.四、表语四、表语第四十五页，讲稿共七十三页哦定语：用来修饰定语：用来修饰_.This is a red car.The building is their teaching building.The woman doctor is my wife.I have something to tell you.The man in front of the gate is Mr.Li.Every student has an English book.五、定语五、定语名词名词第四十六页，讲稿共七十三页哦状语：状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。让步、方向、程度、目的等。六、状语六、状语第四十七页，讲稿共七十三页哦John often came to chat with me()As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.()She is sitting at the desk,doing her homework.()My father worked in this school ten years ago.()Though he is young,he knows a lot.()He came running.()程度，目的程度，目的地点，伴随地点，伴随地点，时间地点，时间让步让步方式方式原因原因第四十八页，讲稿共七十三页哦补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。征。七、补语七、补语Everyone calls him Jack.（宾补）（宾补）He is called Jack.（主补）（主补）第四十九页，讲稿共七十三页哦同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明名词词组，对前者进行补充说明The Great Wall,one of the wonders in the world,attracts a large number of foreign friends.八、同位语八、同位语第五十页，讲稿共七十三页哦一、主语一、主语 主语可以用下面这些东西表示：主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.The sun rises in the east.（）2.He likes dancing.（）3.Two will be enough.()4.Seeing is believing.（）6.To see is to believe.（）7.When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet.()8.What he needs is a book.（）9.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（）名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式主语，作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语从句是真正的主语第五十一页，讲稿共七十三页哦当当不定式、动名词或从句不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语作形式主语置于置于句首句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。什么情况下用什么情况下用it作形式主语？作形式主语？第五十二页，讲稿共七十三页哦 你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列你懂得翻译下列句子吗？句子吗？1)It is wrong to tell a lie.()2)It is no use arguing about it.()3)It is uncertain who will come.()说谎是错误的。说谎是错误的。争吵是没用的。争吵是没用的。谁要来还不确定。谁要来还不确定。第五十三页，讲稿共七十三页哦二、宾语二、宾语 宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.She lived a happy life.()2.I love you.()3.We need two.()4.Do you mind my opening the door?()5.He began to learn English a year ago.()6.He did not know what to say.()7.Did you write down what she said?()8.She felt it her duty to take good care of them.()名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语第五十四页，讲稿共七十三页哦二、表语二、表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示：表语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.He is a teacher.()2.My idea is this.()3.She was the first to arrive.()4.I feel much better today./I must be off now.()5.He is out of danger.()6.The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.()7.What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.()名词名词代词代词数词数词从句从句形容词形容词/副词副词介词短语介词短语分词分词第五十五页，讲稿共七十三页哦三、定语三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：定语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Its a red car.()2.They live in the room above.()3.My brother is a teacher.()4.We belong to the third world.()5.Lucys father is a poor worker.()6.Mother made a birthday cake for me.()7.The man under the tree is my teacher.()8.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother.()形容词形容词副词副词代词代词数词数词名词所有格名词所有格名词名词介词短语介词短语现在分词现在分词第五十六页，讲稿共七十三页哦三、定语三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：定语可以用下面这些东西表示：9.I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.()10.There are two things to be discussed today.（）11.Will you tell us about your teaching plan?（）12.This is the very book that I need.（）过去分词过去分词不定式不定式动名词动名词从句从句第五十七页，讲稿共七十三页哦四、状语四、状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示：状语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.He is often late for class.()2.We saw that picture at the cinema.()3.He sat there smoking.()4.They returned tired and hungry.（）5.They did everything they could to save the boys life.（）6.Although he is young,he knows a lot.()7.The box is so heavy that I cant lift it.()副词，程度副词，程度介词短语，地点介词短语，地点分词，伴随分词，伴随不定式，目的不定式，目的形容词，状态形容词，状态让步状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句第五十八页，讲稿共七十三页哦四、状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示：9.While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.（）10.He was angry because we were late(）11.If it rains tomorrow,we wont go out.()时间状语从句时间状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句第五十九页，讲稿共七十三页哦五、宾语补足语：五、宾语补足语：1.I consider Jim a good frienda good friend.().()2.I always find her happy.()3.People praised him as a heroas a hero.()4.4.I had the TV I had the TV fixed.().()5.5.I saw him I saw him enteringentering the building.()the building.()6.6.What made youWhat made you think so?()so?()7.7.Do you want me Do you want me to go?()形容词形容词名词名词介词短语介词短语过去分词过去分词现在分词现在分词省略掉省略掉to的不定式的不定式不定式不定式第六十页，讲稿共七十三页哦英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句(simplesentence)并列句并列句(compound sentence)复合句复合句(complex sentence)第六十一页，讲稿共七十三页哦简单句的简单句的五种基本句型五种基本句型第六十二页，讲稿共七十三页哦英语五种基本句型列式如下：英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：基本句型一：（主谓）（主谓）基本句型二：基本句型二：（主系表）（主系表）基本句型三：基本句型三：（主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四：基本句型四：（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：基本句型五：（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）第六十三页，讲稿共七十三页哦基本句型一主谓（S+V）S+VShecooks.Heisworking.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.Thepenwritessmoothly.第六十四页，讲稿共七十三页哦基本句型一主谓SVShecooksHeis workingWhat he saiddoes not matter.The pen writes smoothly.第六十五页，讲稿共七十三页哦基本句型二主系表S+V+PHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.第六十六页，讲稿共七十三页哦基本句型二主系表SVPHeishappy.Everything looksnice.His faceturnedred.第六十七页，讲稿共七十三页哦基本句型三主谓宾S+V+OWestudyEnglisheveryday.Theyareplayingfootball.Heenjoysreading.Shesaid“Goodmorning.”第六十八页，讲稿共七十三页哦基本句型三主谓宾SVOWeTheyHeShestudyare playingenjoyssaidEnglish everyday.football.reading.“Good morning.”第六十九页，讲稿共七十三页哦基本句型四SV（及物）（及物）O（多指人多指人）O（多指物）多指物）Igivehimabook.Mymotherboughtmeapenyesterday.Ishowedhimmypicture.第七十页，讲稿共七十三页哦基本句型四SV（及物）（及物）OOIgivehima book.My mother boughtmea pen yesterday.Ishowedhimmy picture.第七十一页，讲稿共七十三页哦基本句型五S+V（及物）（及物）+O(宾语宾语)+C（宾补）（宾补）Wemustkeepthedooropen.Thenewsmakesmehappy.WecallhimJim.Hetoldmetowashtheplates.Isawathiefgoingintoyourroom.第七十二页，讲稿共七十三页哦感感谢谢大大家家观观看看第七十三页，讲稿共七十三页哦