Unit 3 基础知识讲解人教版英语九年级全册.docx
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Unit 3 基础知识讲解人教版英语九年级全册.docx
九年级 Unit 3: Could you tell me where the restrooms are?单元语法知识一、宾语从句(二)在主从复合句中,由一个句子充当宾语时,这个句子就称之为宾语从句;宾语从句通常位于谓语之后(即动词或动词短语之后);宾语从句的引导词包含:that,if/whether,what, who,when, where,how,why 等;1、疑问词引导的宾语从句:若宾语从句为特殊疑问句,则由其本身的特殊疑问词引导; I wonder where we should go next. (教材原句)我想知道我们接下来该去哪里。Could you tell me where the restrooms are? (教材原句)你能告诉我洗手间在哪里吗? I wonder how much the T- shirt is. 我想知道这件 T 恤衫多少钱。疑问词引导的宾语从句依然需要主语从句的语序与时态;(1) 从句语序:陈述语序,即:疑问词+主语+谓语;I wonder where we should go next.(正确)I wonder where should we go next.(错误) She told me what she did yesterday.(正确)She told me what did she do yesterday.(错误)(2) 从句时态:与宾语从句的时态规则一致;查阅第二单元宾语从句(一)的讲解;2、宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换;若主句主语/宾语与从句主语一致,从句可使用疑问词 + to do 的结构;Mary doesnt know how she should learn English. = Mary doesnt know how to learn English.玛丽不知道如何学英语。(主句的主语 Mary 与从句中的 she 表示同一个人)Lisa told me how I could get to the bookstore. = Lisa told me how to get to the bookstore.丽莎告诉了我如何去书店。 (主句的宾语 me 与从句中的 I 表示同一个人)whether 引导的宾语从句也遵循此规则;此时不能与 if 互换;She asked me whether I would go fishing. = She asked me whether to go fishing.她问我是否要去钓鱼3、宾语从句的否定转移否定转移指将从句的否定词 not 转移至主句中;需满足三个条件才能否定转移;(1)主句主语为第一人称:I 或者 we; (2)主句为一般现在时;(3)主句的谓语动词为 think,believe,guess,suppose,imagine,expect 等动词;I dont think he will arrive on time. 译为:我认为他不会按时到。I dont believe he can pass the exam. 译为:我相信他不能通过考试。5重点单词用法讲解1. 表示“到达、抵达”(复习)Could you please tell me how to get to the bookstore? (教材原句) 你能告诉我怎么去书店吗?(1)get to + 地点 (2)arrive in + 大地方; arrive at + 小地方; (3)reach + 地点Tina asked me to get to/arrive at/reach the cinema at six. Tina 叫我 6 点到电影院。若其后为 home/there/here 时;需省略介词 to/in/at;如:get/arrive/reach home 到家;2. close & open (复习)Do you know when the bookstore closes today?(教材原句) 你知道书店今天什么时候关门吗?Is the Italian restaurant nearby open on Mondays?(教材原句) 附近的意大利餐馆星期一开门吗?openv. 开,打开;adj. 开着的Could you please open the window? 请打开窗户! The window is open. 窗户是开着的。closev. 关,关闭Close the door please! 请把门关上!adj. (1)接近的,靠近的;be close to. 靠近,接近;My home is close to the school. 我家离学校近。(2)亲密的; close friends 密友closedadj. 关着的;The shop is closed. 商店是关着的。3. excited(复习)Im excited to try the rides!(教材原句)我很兴奋能尝试这些游乐设施!excitev. 使激动/兴奋;excitementn. 激动,兴奋;with excitement 兴奋地excitedadj. 令人兴奋/激动的;excitingadj. 感到兴奋/激动的be excited to do sth. 做.感到激动/兴奋; be excited about sth. 对.感到激动/兴奋;The good news excited everybody. 这个消息让每个人都很兴奋。We were all excited about the news. 听到这个消息,我们都很激动。4. start(复习)Lets ask what time the band starts playing.(教材原句)让我们问问乐队什么时候开始演奏。start = beginv. 开始;begin - began - begunstart / begin to do sth. = start / begin doing sth. 开始做某事;start / begin with. 从.开始;I dont know when the show will start. 我不知道节目什么时候开始。What should we start with? (教材原句)我们应该从哪儿开始?5. pardonPardon? Restroom? You want to rest?(教材原句)什么?卫生间?你想休息吗? pardon 表示“请再说一篇”,表示没听清楚对方的话,希望对方再说一遍; 也可以使用 I beg your pardon? = Beg your pardon? = Pardon me?拓展:pardon 也可表示原谅;pardon sb. for (doing) sth. 原谅某人做某事;6. yet & alreadyBut we havent even started yet! (教材原句)可我们还没有开始呢!already 与 yet 常用于完成时态之中;already 常用于肯定句中;表示“已经”;yet 常用于否定句与疑问句中;表示“还/已经”I have already finished reading the book.我已经读完这本书了。Have you seen this movie yet?你已经看过这部电影了么?I havent visited the Great Wall yet.我还没有去过长城。7. do + 谓语 表示强调;I was scared at first, but shouting did help. (教材原句)起初我很害怕,但大声喊真的有用。助动词 do 放在谓语动词前表示强调,意为“的确,确实,真的”;根据句子时态人称,助动词 do 作相应的变化,如:do/does/did;We do want to go home now. 我们现在确实/真的想回家。She does enjoy reading in her free time. 她有空的时候确实喜欢阅读。Sally did sleep late last night.Sally 昨晚确实睡得晚。8. suggestOf course! I suggest Water City Restaurant in Water World. (教材原句) 我建议去“水上世界”的水城餐厅;suggestv. 建议,提议;suggest sth. 建议某事; suggest doing sth. 建议做.;suggest + 宾语从句 (从句谓语使用 should do sth. 其中 should 可以省略)We have worked for 3 hours. I suggest a rest now. 我们已经工作 3 小时,我建议现在休息下; Mom suggested visiting the Palace Museum.妈妈建议去参观故宫博物馆。Our teacher suggests we (should) read English for at least 15 minutes every day.老师建议我们每天至少读 15 分钟英语。I suggest Jenny (should) ask her parents for help.我建议 Jenny 向父母寻求帮助。suggestionn. 建议(可数名词),相当于 advice(不可数名词)9. requestThese are similar requests for directions. (教材原句)这些关于问路的类似请求;requestn./v. 要求,请求;request for sth的要求request sth. from sb. 向某人请求.request sb. to do sth. 请求某人做;request + 从句;(从句使用 should + do 结构;should 可以省略)The boy requested help from me. 这个男孩请求我的帮助(请我帮忙)My parents request me to get home before seven. 我爸妈要求我 7 点前到家。Mr. Brown request we (should) finish homework on time. 布朗先生要求我们按时完成作业。10. correctBoth are correct, but the first one sounds less polite.(教材原句) 两种都是对的,但是第一种听起来没那么礼貌。correct (1)adj. 正确的,恰当的; Your answer is not correct. 你的答案不正确;(2)v. 纠正,改正;There are some mistakes in your note. You need to correct them.你的笔记里面有些错误,需要纠正。11. passOn their way to Water City Restaurant, Alice and He Wei pass by Uncle Bobs.(教材原句) 在去水上餐厅的路上,爱丽丝和何伟路过 Uncle Bob 的餐馆pass(1)表示“通过,经过”pass 表示“经过,路过”;其后需要接 sth.pass by 表示 “经过,路过”; 其后可接 sth.也可不接;When I passed (by) the library, I saw Jack. 我经过图书馆时,我看见了 Jack. We were playing basketball when Jack passed by. 杰克路过时,我们在打篮球。pass by 也可以表示“时间逝去,过去”= go by;Time flies 时间飞逝As time passes/goes by, she finally makes great progress.随着时间的推移,她终于取得了很大的进步。pass the exam 通过考试; fail the exam 考试失败/不及格pass away 逝世,去世(比 die 语气更委婉)pass on 传递下去;(2)pass 还可以表示“给,递”与 give 同义; pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb.Could you please pass me the salt? 能把盐递给我吗?= pass the salt to me12. mailSally needs to mail a letter. (教材原句)萨莉需要寄一封信。mail sth. to sb. = mail sb. sth.给某人邮寄某物mail 作名词;“邮件”; send a mail to sb. 给某人发邮件; e-mail 电子邮件;If you need it, I will mail it to you. 如果你需要,我会邮寄给你。