高中英语语法形容词和副词.ppt

高中英语语法形容词和副词现在学习的是第1页，共25页一、形容词的语法功能一、形容词的语法功能1.作定语作定语 前置定语：前置定语：a beautiful picture an honest boy 多个形容词作前置定语时的排列顺序：多个形容词作前置定语时的排列顺序：限定词限定词+数量形容词数量形容词+描绘性形容词描绘性形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体形容词大小、长短、高低等形体形容词+新旧新旧+颜色颜色+国籍国籍+材料材料+用途用途+被修饰的名词被修饰的名词the pretty little oldest Chinese stone bridgeten strong black plastic bags现在学习的是第2页，共25页 后置定语：后置定语：少少数数以以a开开头头的的形形容容词词（absent,alike,alive,available）及及其其他他形形容词容词(concerned,present)作定语时后置。作定语时后置。He made full use of English reference books available and learned a lot.People concerned will attend the meeting.由由and,or,bothand连接的并列形容词成对使用时。连接的并列形容词成对使用时。Everyone,old or young,will take part in the activities.现在学习的是第3页，共25页形形容容词词一一般般放放在在被被修修饰饰的的名名词词前前面面作作定定语语，但但考考生生特特别别要要注注意意形形容容词词放在被修饰词后面的情况：放在被修饰词后面的情况：(1)这这些些形形容容词词，如如：alive，afraid，awake，alone，asleep，worth等作定语时，常放于被修饰词的后面。等作定语时，常放于被修饰词的后面。The baby still asleep might be awake very soon.仍在睡着的那婴儿可能很快会醒。仍在睡着的那婴儿可能很快会醒。现在学习的是第4页，共25页(2)形容词在修饰形容词在修饰somebody，something，anybody，anything，nobody，nothing等不定代词时，需要后置。等不定代词时，需要后置。Is there anything wrong，Bob？You look sad.鲍勃，有什么不对吗？你看上去闷闷不乐的。鲍勃，有什么不对吗？你看上去闷闷不乐的。Oh，nothing much.In fact，I was just thinking of my friends.噢，没什么，其实我只是在想念我的朋友。噢，没什么，其实我只是在想念我的朋友。现在学习的是第5页，共25页(3)形容词后面有介词短语时，必须放在名词后面。形容词后面有介词短语时，必须放在名词后面。He is a student worthy of praise.他是个值得表扬的学生。他是个值得表扬的学生。(4)形容词后面有动词不定式时，必须放在名词后面。形容词后面有动词不定式时，必须放在名词后面。Isnt it a problem difficult to solve?这难道不是一个很难解决的问题吗？这难道不是一个很难解决的问题吗？现在学习的是第6页，共25页2.作表语作表语We are hungry.He looks unhappy.注意：注意：有的形容词一般只能作表语。有的形容词一般只能作表语。如表示健康状况的：如表示健康状况的：well,unwell,ill,faint以以a开头的：开头的：afraid,alone,asleep,ashamed 3.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语I think the book interesting.He found the work difficult.现在学习的是第7页，共25页4.作状语作状语形容词作状语，表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。形容词作状语，表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。(2008北北京京高高考考)After a long journey，the three of them got back home，hungry and tired.经过长时间旅行后，他们三人回到了家，又饿又累。经过长时间旅行后，他们三人回到了家，又饿又累。He lay in bed，wide awake.He went to bed,cold and hungry.Funny,he pretends to know what he doesnt know.现在学习的是第8页，共25页副词的种类副词的种类1)时间副词：时间副词：now，then，today，later，recently 等等;2)地点副词：地点副词：here，there，everywhere，away，off 等等;3)方式副词：方式副词：well，hard,happily,nervously,carefully 等等;4)程程度度副副词词：almost，much，(a)little，nearly，rather，too 等等;5)频频度度副副词词：always，often，usually，occasionally，sometimes,hardly，seldom，never 等等;现在学习的是第9页，共25页6)疑问副词：疑问副词：when，where，why，how 等，引导特殊疑问句等，引导特殊疑问句;7)连连接接副副词词：where，when，why，how 等等，引引导导主主语语从从句句、宾语从句或表语从句宾语从句或表语从句;8)关系副词：关系副词：when，where，why 等，引导定语从句等，引导定语从句;9)其他副词：其他副词：seriously，instead，besides 等。等。现在学习的是第10页，共25页二、副词的语法功能二、副词的语法功能1.作定语作定语Almost everyone has a car in America.The building there looks grand.2.作表语作表语Time is up.I thought I was over.3.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语I am very happy to see you back.Keep the light on if you feel afraid.现在学习的是第11页，共25页4.作状语作状语Its raining heavily.Its a rather interesting job.This is just what I said.Eventually he arrived in Beijing.现在学习的是第12页，共25页注注意意：1.有有些些副副词词有有两两种种形形式式，一一种种与与形形容容词词同同形形，一一种种以以ly结尾，但它们的含义不同。结尾，但它们的含义不同。The station is quite near.He lives near.Its nearly 10 oclock.The cake is hard.We all work hard.I can hardly understand you.现在学习的是第13页，共25页2.具有两种形式的副词具有两种形式的副词 high wide deep close highly widely deeply closely现在学习的是第14页，共25页 副词的位置副词的位置副副词词修修饰饰形形容容词词或或其其他他副副词词时时，一一般般位位于于被被修修饰饰词词的的前前面面，但但enough要放在被修饰词的后面。要放在被修饰词的后面。Although she did not know Boston well，she made her way easily enough to the post office.虽然她对波士顿不熟，但她仍然很轻松地到了邮局。虽然她对波士顿不熟，但她仍然很轻松地到了邮局。现在学习的是第15页，共25页 can not/never 与与enough或或too连连用用，表表示示“无无论论怎怎样样都都不不 过过分分；越越越好越好”。I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden，a car cut in and knocked me down.我在街上正独自骑行，突然一辆轿车插进来把我撞倒了。我在街上正独自骑行，突然一辆轿车插进来把我撞倒了。You can never be too careful in the street.在大街上你再小心也不为过。在大街上你再小心也不为过。现在学习的是第16页，共25页三、形容词和副词的比较等级三、形容词和副词的比较等级（一）（一）原级原级as+形容词形容词/副词原级副词原级+asTom is as tall as Jack.He speaks English as fluently as you.My computer is not so/as expensive as yours.注注意意：1.almost,exactly,just,quite,nearly,half 等等词词可可用用来来加加强强asas结构的语气。结构的语气。This book is just as interesting as that one.现在学习的是第17页，共25页2.几种变化形式：几种变化形式：as much+不可数名词不可数名词+asThere is as much water in this bottle as in that one.as many+可数名词复数可数名词复数+asBob has read as many books as Mary.as+形容词形容词+不定冠词不定冠词+可数名词单数可数名词单数+asGerman is as difficult a language as Chinese.as+形容词形容词+不可数名词不可数名词+asBread is as important food as rice.现在学习的是第18页，共25页 “as形容词形容词(a/an)名词名词as”表示同级比较，注表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.一般认为教学如同科学一样是一门艺术。一般认为教学如同科学一样是一门艺术。现在学习的是第19页，共25页（二）比较级（二）比较级 形容词形容词/副词比较级副词比较级+thanJohn works harder than Mary.This picture is more beautiful than that one.This book is better than that one.现在学习的是第20页，共25页注意注意：1.形容词、副词比较级的规则和不规则变化。形容词、副词比较级的规则和不规则变化。2.much,still,even,far,by far,a lot,a bit,a great deal 等词等词可置于比较级前可置于比较级前,加强语气。加强语气。Could you drive a bit more slowly?3.以以or结尾的含有比较意义的形容词后接结尾的含有比较意义的形容词后接to不接不接than。如。如superior,inferior,senior,junior 等。等。He is 4 years senior to me.现在学习的是第21页，共25页 4.几种特殊结构几种特殊结构 （1）the+比较级，比较级，the+比较级比较级 “越越，越，越”The higher he climbs,the farther he will see.(climb，see)The more you use English,the more you will want to learn it.(use，want)（2）比较级）比较级+and+比较级比较级 “越来越越来越”Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.My school is becoming more and more beautiful.现在学习的是第22页，共25页（3）主语）主语+比较级比较级+than any(other)China is larger than any country in Africa.China is larger than any other country in Asia.（4）倍数的表达）倍数的表达倍数倍数+as+形容词形容词/副词原级副词原级+asThis room is three times as large as that one.倍数倍数+形容词形容词/副词比较级副词比较级+thanThis room is twice larger than that one.倍数倍数+the size/length/weight/height/width/+ofThis room is three times the size of that one.现在学习的是第23页，共25页（三）最高级（三）最高级the+形容词形容词/副词最高级副词最高级+比较范围比较范围He is the tallest boy in our class.This is the most beautiful city Ive ever visited.现在学习的是第24页，共25页注意：注意：1.形容词最高级前要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。形容词最高级前要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。She works hardest in our class.2.形形容容词词最最高高级级前前有有时时加加不不定定冠冠词词，或或不不加加冠冠词词，不不表表示示比比较较，表表示示“非常非常”。He is a most clever policeman.This film is most interesting.现在学习的是第25页，共25页