八年级英语上册Unit8Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake短语语法知识点汇总新版人教新目标版2018081449.doc

1UnitUnit 8 8 HowHow dodo youyou makemake a a bananabanana milkmilk shakeshake一、一、必背短语。1.奶昔milk shake2.打开（电器）turn on3.关闭（电器）turn off4.调高（音量等）turn up5.调低（音量等）turn down6.把倒入pourinto7.把放进putin8.还有一件事one more thing9.一片/张/段/首a piece of10.两片面包two pieces of bread11.一勺a spoon of 12.在这时at this time13.用 B 把 A 装满fill A with B14.用 B 覆盖 Acover A with B15.一个接一个的；one by one16.很长时间for a long time17.另外 10 分钟another 10 minutes18.从书店借一本书takeoutabookfromthelibrary19.挖个坑dig a hole20.在特殊的节日里on special holidays21.米线rice noodles22.在很高的温度下at a very high temperature23.西红柿鸡蛋汤tomato and egg soup24.一杯酸奶a cup of yogurt二二、重点结构重点结构1.how many/much多少2.Its time(for sb.)+to do sth.到（某人）做某事的时3.how+to do sth.如何做某事4.need+to do sth.需要做某事5.make sth for sb为某人制作某物6.Whats next?接下来是什么？7.Thats it?行了吧？好了吗？8.by+doing sth.通过做某事9.forget to do sth.忘记做某事【教材内容解析】【教材内容解析】SectionSection A A1.1.TurnTurn ononthethe blender.blender.(P.(P.57)57)turn on 意为“打开”，反义词是 turn off，意为“关掉”。例句：Please turn on the radio.例句：Dont forget to turn off the light.22.2.CutCut upupthethe bananas.bananas.(P.(P.57)57)cut up 意为“切碎”，相当于 cut into pieces。例句：Hand the meat to me.Ill cut it up.例句：Please help me cut up the apple.3.3.PourPourthethe milkmilkintointothethe blender.blender.(P.(P.57)57)pour.into.表示“将倒进里面”，pour.out 表示“把倒出来”。例句：Please pour the water into the bowl.例句：Please pour the milk out.4.4.HowHow dodo youyoumakemakea a bananabanana milkmilk shake?shake?(P.(P.57)57)make 用作实义动词，表示“制作、做”，make sb.sth.相当于 make sth.for sb.“为某人制造某物”。例句：My mother often makes some fresh juice for us.5.5.HowHow manymany bananasbananas dodo weweneedneed?(P.(P.58)58)need 作动词时，不仅可以作情态动词，还可以作实义动词，作情态动词时，后接动词原形；作实义动词时，后接名词或者动词不定式作宾语。例句：You neednt go to the meeting too early.例句：We need three more workers.例句：He doesnt need to worry too much.6.6.Next,Next,putputthethe beef,beef,carrotscarrots andand potatoespotatoesintointoa a potpot andand addadd somesome water.water.(P.(P.58)58)(1)put.into.表示“把放进里面去”，也可以表示“把翻译成”。例句：He put that book into the box.例句：Can you put these English sentences into Chinese?(2)add 用作及物动词，表示“增加、添加”，add.to.“把添加到上去”。例句：If you add six to one,you will get seven.7.7.Then,Then,addadd thethe cabbage,cabbage,tomatoestomatoes andand oniononion andand cookcook forforanotheranother 1010 minutesminutes.(P.(P.58)58)“another+基数词+名词”表示“再/又”，相当于“基数词+more+名词”。例句：They need another ten men to do the job.例句：=They need ten more men to do the job.8.8.FinallyFinally,dondont t forgetforget toto addadd somesome salt.salt.(P.(P.58)58)finally 作副词，表示“最后、最终”，相当于 at last 或者 in the end。例句：Finally they agreed with the plan.9.9.DoDo youyou knowknowhowhow toto plantplant a a treetree?(P.(P.59)59)3how to plant a tree 是“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构，不定式经常和特殊疑问词连用，在句中作主语、宾语和表语。例句：When to start is not decided yet.例句：I dont know what to do next.例句：The question is when to begin the work.10.10.First,First,digdiga a hole.hole.(P.(P.59)59)dig 此处用作及物动词，表示“挖、掘”。例句：They will dig the garden before winter.SectionSection B B1.1.and.and isis a a timetimetoto givegive thanksthanks forfor foodfood inin thethe autumnautumn.(P.(P.61)61)(1)此句中的动词不定式作定语，动词不定式作定语时，放在被修饰词后面。当作定语的不定式和被修饰词构成动宾关系时，而且动词又是不及物动词时，其后应该加上适当的介词。例句：I have a letter to write.例句：They are looking for a hotel to live in.(2)give thanks for sth.“因某事而表示感谢”，give thanks to sb.“对某人表示感谢”。例句：Id like to give thanks for your help.2.2.TheseThese days,days,mostmost AmericansAmericans stillstill celebratecelebrate thisthis ideaidea ofof givinggiving thanksthanksbybyhavinghaving a a bigbig mealmeal atat homehomewithwith theirtheirfamilyfamily.(P.(P.61)61)(1)by 可以用来表示方式，意为“通过”，后接名词或者动名词短语。例句：He usually goes to work by bus.例句：The man makes a living by selling newspapers.(2)family 指代家庭这个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，指家庭成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。例句：Jims family is small.例句：His family are discussing their holiday plan.3.3.HereHere isis oneonewaywaytoto makemake turkeyturkey forfor a a ThanksgivingThanksgiving dinner.dinner.(P.(P.61)61)way 表示“方法”时，后常接动词不定式或者 of doing 作定语。例句：Can you think out a way to open the door/of opening the door?4.4.First,First,mixmixtogethertogether somesome breadbread pieces,pieces,onions,onions,saltsaltandandpepper.pepper.(P.(P.61)61)mix 表示“混合”，常用的结构为：mix sth.and/with sth.“把同混合起来”。例句：First you should mix milk with eggs.5.5.Next,Next,fillfillthethe turkeyturkey withwith thisthis breadbread mix.mix.(P.(P.61)61)fill.with.表示“用装满”，常用结构还有 be filled with“装满、充满”，相当于 be full of。4例句：He filled the glass with water.例句：The schoolbag is filled with books.6.6.Then,Then,putput thethe turkeyturkey inin a a hothot ovenoven andand cookcook itit forfora a fewfewhours.hours.(P.(P.61)61)a few 意为“一些”，修饰可数名词复数，表示肯定含义；few 也修饰可数名词复数，但是表达否定含义。例句：There are a few students in the classroom.例句：Few people like mice.7.7.WhenWhen itit isis ready,ready,placeplacethethe turkeyturkey onon a a largelarge plateplate andandcovercoveritit withwith gravy.gravy.(P.(P.61)61)(1)place 此处用作及物动词，意为“放置、安置”。例句：He placed the machine under the table.(2)cover 表示“覆盖”时，常用的结构为：cover.with.“用覆盖”。被动结构为：be covered withsth.“被覆盖”。例句：The mother covered her daughter with a blanket at night.例句：The ground was usually covered with snow in winter.8.8.Finally,Finally,serveserveitit toto youryour friendsfriends withwith somesome vegetables.vegetables.(P.(P.62)62)serve 此处用作及物动词，意为“接待、服务、提供”，常用的结构为：serve sth.to sb.或者 serve sb.(with)sth.意为“用某物招待某人”。例句：The waiters are serving coffee to customers.9.9.Then,Then,cookcook itit atat a a veryvery highhightemperaturetemperatureforfor a a longlong time.time.(P.(P.62)62)temperature 作名词，表示“温度”，at a high/low temperature“高温/低温”；take ones temperature 意为“量某人的体温”。例句：The workers work at a high temperature.例句：The nurse took my temperature just now.10.10.ToTo makemake thisthis specialspecial foodfood,youyou needneed toto havehave ricerice noodles,noodles,chickenchicken soup,soup,chicken,chicken,lettucelettuce andand eggs.eggs.(P.(P.63)63)句中的 to make this special food 是动词不定式结构，在句中作目的状语，可位于句首或者句尾。例句：To catch the bus,he got up early.例句：My parents came to New York to see me last month.11.11.Then,Then,makemakethethe chickenchicken soupsoup veryvery hot,hot,overover 100100o oC.C.(P.(P.63)63)make sb./sth.+形容词“使某人/某物怎么样”；make sb.do sth.“使某人做某事”例句：His parents made him stay at home.例句：The news made us excited.512.12.NowNowitits s timetime toto enjoyenjoythethe ricerice noodles!noodles!(P.(P.63)63)Its time to do sth.意为“该做某事了”，相当于 Its time for sth.。例句：Its time for class.例句：=Its time to have class.【语法讲解】【语法讲解】一一 祈使句祈使句1 1 祈使句定义祈使句定义用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号或感叹号。2 2 祈使句结构祈使句结构（1）第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者发出命令，提出要求或建议。这种祈使句的主语 you 通常不表示出来，而是以动词原形开头。（2）第一、三人称祈使句是以第一人称、第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象，这类祈使句通常以 let 为引导词表建议。3 3 祈使句的强调形式及否定形式祈使句的强调形式及否定形式（1）祈使句的强调形式是在整个结构之前加 do。（2）祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加 dont 或 never。（3）以 let 为引导词的祈使句的否定形式通常是在 Lets 或 Let us/me 后加 not。4 4 祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句的反意疑问句（1）Lets 表示第一人称的祈使句，反意疑问部分为“shall we”。（2）Let me 和 Let us 表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问部分为“will you”。（3）其他行为动词引起的祈使句，无论其陈述部分是否定还是肯定的，多用“will。二二 可数名词和不可数名词可数名词和不可数名词普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词，可数名词单数前面可以用不定冠词 aan 来修饰。1 1名词复数的规则变化：名词复数的规则变化：(1)在词尾后加-s。如：bookbooks，cupcups(2)以 s，x，sh，ch 结尾的词后加一 es。如：busbuses，boxboxes，dishdishes。watchwatches。(3)以 f，fe 结尾的词，先将 f 或 fe 变成 v 再加-es。如：halfhalves，wifewives(4)以 o 结尾表示有生命的事物的词后加-es。如：heroheroes，potatopotatoes。6tomatotomatoes，mangomangoes。(5)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词，先将 y 改为 i 再加-es；以元音字母加 y 结尾的词，直接在词尾加-s。如：citycities，familyfamilies，boyboys，daydays。2 2名词复数的不规则变化：名词复数的不规则变化：(1)元音发生变化。如：manmen，womanwomen，footfeettoothteeth，mousemice，goosegeese(2)单复数同形。如：a sheeptwo sheep 两只羊，a deerfive deer 五只鹿，a fisha lot of fish 许多鱼，aChinesesome Chinese 一些中国人，a Japanesethree Japanese 三个日本人(3)有些名词只有复数形式。如：clothes 衣服，trousers 裤子，glasses 眼镜，scissors 剪刀，compasses 圆规(4)合成名词变为复数时，两个词都要变为复数。如：two men doctors 两名男医生，10 women teachers 10 名女教师3 3不可数名词不可数名词不可数名词表示不能计算数目的人或物。它们前面不能用不定冠词 aan 修饰，没有复数形式。不可数名词要表示数量，要借助于量词。如：a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡，three pieces of bread 三片面包