外研版高一英语必修二全书知识点总结(33页).docx

-第 1 页外研版高一英语外研版高一英语必修二全书知识必修二全书知识点总结点总结-第 2 页高中英语必修高中英语必修 2（外研版）（外研版）Unit 1 Our Body and Healthy Habits知识点总结知识点总结一、重点词汇一、重点词汇词义辨析：词义辨析：injure/hurt/wound/cut四者都可以指“伤害、伤痛”。意义injure指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。hurt既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害。wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上的受伤。cut无意中造成的轻伤。Drinking can injure ones health.喝酒对人的健康有害。Im sorry I hurt you;I didnt mean to.对不起，我弄伤了你；我不是故意的。The robber wounded him with a knife.那个强盗用刀刺伤了他。How did you get that cut on your hand?你手上的伤口是怎么弄的？词义辨析：词义辨析：normal/common/general/ordinary这四个词都有“普通的”、“常见的”意思。其区别是：normal强调人或物“符合常态或常规”。common强调许多事物具有某种共同点而“不足为奇”。general侧重“普遍”之意，普遍于大多数人或事物中。ordinary与一般事物的性质标准相同，强调“平常”而无奇特之处。Its normal to feel tired after such a long trip.长途旅行后感到累是很正常的。His name was Hansen,a common name in Norway.他的名字叫汉森，在挪威是一个常见的名字。As a general rule,prices follow demands.-第 3 页一般而言，物价随需求而变化。Now electrical appliances have entered into ordinary families.现在，家用电器已经步入普通家庭。diet n.饮食；节食饮食；节食1.a healthy/balanced diet：健康的/均衡的饮食2.go/be on a diet：用规定食谱；节食You dont have to go on a diet to lose weight.你不需要靠节食来减肥。anxious adj.焦虑的；渴望的焦虑的；渴望的1.be anxious about sth.：为担心，忧虑2.be anxious for sth.：渴望3.be anxious to do sth.：急于，渴望做某事I am anxious about the parcel because it hasnt arrived.我对这包裹很担心，因为它还没到。The whole country was anxious for peace.全国上下都渴望和平。She was anxious to finish school and get a job.她渴望毕业找一份工作。be crazy about：迷恋：迷恋Hes still crazy about both his work and his hobbies.他对工作和个人爱好依然保持狂热。begin with：以：以开始开始The teacher began his class with a question.老师以一个问题开始他的讲课。be/get injured：受伤：受伤He got injured through his own carelessness.他由于粗心受伤了。breathe in/out：吸入：吸入/呼出呼出In large cities people breathe in dangerous gases from cars and chimneys.在大城市人们呼吸时吸入汽车和烟囱排出的有害气体。一词多义：一词多义：fit adj.健康的，强壮的；合适的健康的，强壮的；合适的 v.适合，适应适合，适应Mr.Smith needs more exercises to keep fit.（keep fit：保持健康）-第 4 页史密斯先生需要更多的锻炼以保持身体健康。Hes been ill and isnt fit for work yet.（be fit for：适合）他一直在生病，尚不能工作。This new jacket fits her well.这件夹克很合她的身。一词多义：一词多义：head n.头部；头脑头部；头脑 v.朝朝前进；前往前进；前往The ship came about and headed for the shore.轮船调转般向朝海岸驶去。拓展：拓展：英语中有些名词可转化为动词，如：eye n.眼睛 v.（用眼睛看）注视；端详face n.脸 v.面对picture n.照片，影片 v.画；拍照dress n.礼服 v.打扮，穿衣阅读必备词汇阅读必备词汇rare adj.稀少的；罕有的rarely adv.罕有地wealthy adj.富裕的overweight adj.太胖的；超重的symptom n.症状insurance n.保险questionnaire n.问卷调查awfuladj.糟糕的；可怕的；充满敬畏的become ill 生病have a temperature 发烧putinto 将投入/放入take exercise 锻炼lie down 躺下二、重点句型二、重点句型So as you can see from what Ive said,Im a normal kind of person.-第 5 页解析解析：本句的主干是“Im a normal kind of person”；“as you can see from what Ive said”是由 as 引导的一个定语从句；what 引导的是 from 的宾语从句。翻译翻译：因此，正如你能从我所说的看到的一样，我只是一个普通人。拓展拓展：as 引导的定语从句在写作中应用相当广泛，常见的结构有：“as is known to all”;“as we all know”意思都是“众所周知”。Because of this,I make sure that I have a good diet,and as Ive said,this isnt aproblem because my mother feeds us so well.解析解析：本句的主干是“I make sure that and this isnt a problem”，由 and 连接一个并列句。“that I havea gooddiet”是 make sure 的宾语从句，“Because of this”是一个介词结构，表示原因；“as Ive said”是一个定语从句，修饰“this isnt a problem”；because 引导的是一个原因状语从句。翻译翻译：因此，我得确保合理膳食；而且正如我前面所说，合理膳食并不是一个问题，因为我母亲把我们照顾得很好。Britain was the first country in the world to have a free health care system paidforthe by the government.解析解析：本句的主干是“Britain was the first country in the world”；“to have a free health care system”是动词不定式结构作定语，修饰前面的 country；“paid for the by the government”是过去分词结构作定语，修饰前面的system。翻译翻译：英国是世界上第一个拥有免费医疗系统的国家，整个医疗体系都是由政府资助的。拓展拓展：非谓语作定语在写作中应用相当广泛，有时简单的定语从句可以考虑使用非谓语来代替，这样可以使语言简练地道，例如：The boy whose name is Tom is popular with his classmates.The boy named Tom is popular with his classmates.They see doctors who work for themselves and pay the doctors through thehealthinsurance company.-第 6 页解析解析：本句的主干是“They see doctors and pay the doctors”；who 引导的是一个定语从句，修饰前面的doctors；through 引导的是一个介词结构，表示方式。翻译翻译：他们看自己的专属医生，并通过医疗保险公司进行支付。三、重点语法三、重点语法词的转化词的转化-名词用作动词名词用作动词含义：含义：词的转化（conversion）是英语构词法中的主要方法之一。它指的是一个词不改变词形，而由一种词类转化成另一种或几种词类。本模块学习名词转化为动词名词转化为动词的用法。名词转化为动词是现代英语中很普遍的现象，同时也是转化构词中最活跃的一种。人们经常把名词不加任何改变就当作动词使用。用法：用法：很多表示物件（如下 1）、身体部位（如下 2）、某类人（如下 3）的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词（如下 4）也可作动词。例如：1.Did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗?2.We set sail at dawn and headed for New York.我们在黎明起程，直驶纽约。3.She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。4.We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。体会更多名词用作动词名词用作动词的例子，看你能准确地理解名词动词化后的词意吗？1.Hes always bossing his wife about.2.The escaped prisoner was cornered at last.3.Stop mothering her,shes 30 years old and can take care of herself perfectly well.4.People were streaming out of the station.5.I did not like the way he eyed me.6.Mr.Smith noons for half an hour every day.7.He doesnt have all ideas of his own.He just parrots what other people say.答案揭晓：答案揭晓：-第 7 页1.boss around 颐指气使；把呼来唤去2.corner 将逼入困境3.mother 像母亲一般地照料4.stream 涌出；川流不息；蜂拥5.eye 看；定睛地看6.noon 午休7.parrot 学舌；盲目重复或模仿除了名词转化为动词外，还有副词，连词等转化为动词，动词转化为名词，形容词副词等转化为名词。如：We downed our coffee and left.我们喝完咖啡就离开了。（down 常为副词，意为“向下”，这里作动词，意为“喝下”）The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。（old 常作形容词，这里作名词，the old 意为“老人”）Lets go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。（walk 常作动词，这里用作名词，意为“散步”）We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。（better 常作形容词，这里作动词，意为“改善”）will 与与 be going to本单元学习 will 和 be going to 表示“将要将要”。willbe going to表将要表将要临时决定临时决定提前计划，安排，打算提前计划，安排，打算表示推测，揣想依据直觉、经验或知识等依据观察到的迹象、证据等表示表示“将要将要”1.-“Kate is in hospital.”-“Oh,really,I didnt know.I will go and see her at once.”（临时决定临时决定去看 Kate）。2.-“Kate is in hospital.”-“Yes,I know.I am going to see her this afternoon.”（提前已打算好提前已打算好去看 Kate）拓展：拓展：1.推测，揣想：推测，揣想：-第 8 页I think it will be rainy tomorrow.我认为明天有雨。Look at the clouds;its going to rain.看看这些云，又要下雨了。2.在在“主将从现主将从现”中，一般用中，一般用 will，而不用，而不用 be going to。例如：I wont go if he doesnt come.他不来，我就不去。高中英语必修高中英语必修 2（外研版）（外研版）Unit 2 No drugs知识点总结知识点总结一、重点词汇一、重点词汇词义辨析：词义辨析：likely/possible/probable三者都可以表示“可能的”，possible 可能性最小，probable 可能性最大，但用法不同。主语用法likely人/物/itsb.be likely to do sth.It is likely+that 从句possibleitIt is possible(for sb.)to do sth.It is possible+that 从句probableitIt is probable+that 从句因此，“我们学英语时可能会犯错”可以表述为：We are likely to make mistakes when learning English.=It is likely/possible/probable that we make mistakes when learning English.=It is possible for us to make mistakes when learning English.词义辨析：词义辨析：affect/effect/influence这些动词均含“影响”之意，但在词性和意义上有差别。词性意义affectvt.主要指一时的影响。effectn.（可数或不可数）affect 的名词形式，have an effect on 意为：对有影响。influencevt.&n.（通常不可数，但有时可连用不定冠词）主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响，have an influence on 意为：对有影响。-第 9 页Both diet and exercise affect blood pressure.饮食和运动都对血压有影响。What you read has an influence on your thinking.你读的东西对你的思想有影响。词义辨析：词义辨析：in order to/so as to/in order that/so that都有“为了”的意思，但其用法和位置有不同。用法位置in order that引导目的状语从句句首/句中so that引导目的状语从句/结果状语从句句中so as to与词/短语一起做目的状语句中in order to句首/句中因此，“为了实现梦想，他努力学习”可以表述为：In order to realize his dream,he works very hard.=He works very hard in order to/so as to realize his dream.=He works hard in order that he can realize his dream.=He worked hard so that he got a good grade.reduce v.缩小，减少缩小，减少1.reduce to：减少到2.reduce by：减少了（减少的幅度）The new bridge should reduce travelling time from 50 minutes to 15 minutes.这座新桥应该能将形成从五十分钟减少到十五分钟。The workforce has been reduced by half.职工人数已减少一半。拓展拓展：1.decrease to/decrease by：减少到/减少了2.increase to/increase by：增加到/增加了be addicted to sth./doing sth.：对：对.上瘾上瘾We think he will not be addicted to computer games any longer.我们认为他不在会沉溺于电脑游戏。break into：破门而入：破门而入-第 10 页What will you do if you find your house broken into?如果发现有人闯入你的房子，你会怎么办?take ones advice：听从某人的建议：听从某人的建议I decided to take your advice that I should spend more time staying with my parents.我听从了你的建议要多陪父母。ban sb.from doing sth.：禁止某人做某事：禁止某人做某事Charlie has been banned from driving for half a year.查理被禁驾半年。阅读必备词汇阅读必备词汇drug n.毒品，药品cancer n.癌症criminal n.罪犯illegal adj.违法的；不合法的treatment n.治疗；招待；对待horrible adj.令人不快的；及其讨厌的recognize/recognise vt.认出；承认distraction n.分心；分散注意力二、重点句型二、重点句型Users who inject the drug are also in more danger if they share needles withotherusers.解析解析：本句的主干是“Users are also in more danger”；who 引导的是一个定语从句，修饰前面的 users；if 引导的是一个条件状语从句。翻译翻译：如果吸毒的人和其他人共用针头的话，他们将会陷入更大的危险。Participants learn to recognize smoking triggers(things that start themsmoking)and they try to set a date in the future when they will stop smoking.解析解析：本句的主干是“Participants learn to recognize smoking triggers and they try to set a date in thefuture”，主干是由 and 连接的并列句；括号部分是对前面的 triggers 的解释，其中 that 引导的是一个定语从句，修饰things；when-第 11 页引导的是一个定语从句，修饰前面的 date。翻译翻译：参与者学着识别吸烟触发因子(诱使人们开始吸烟的东西)，而且他们尽力设定一个在未来戒烟的日期。Make a list of friends who smoke and places where you smoke.解析解析：本句的主干是“Make a list of friends and places”，是一个祈使句；who 和 where 引导的都是定语从句，分别修饰 friends 和 places。翻译翻译：将你吸烟的朋友以及你吸烟的地方列成一个清单。Choose a time when you will be relaxed but also too busy to think aboutsmoking.解析解析：本句的主干是“Choose a time”，是一个祈使句；“when you will be relaxed but also too busy to thinkabout smoking”是由 when 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的 time；该从句中“relaxed”和“too busy to think aboutsmoking”是并列的，由 but also 连接，其中包含常见句型“tooto”。翻译翻译：选择一个你感觉很放松但又非常忙以至于不会想着吸烟的时间。三、重点语法三、重点语法非谓语动词：不定式作目的状语非谓语动词：不定式作目的状语看下面两题，了解相关考点：1.Simon made a big bamboo boxthe little sick bird till it could fly.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.to keep2.We got up early this timebe late for the train again.A.in order toB.in order to notC.so as toD.so as not to解析：解析：1.D.考查非谓语动词。句意为“Simon 做了一个大竹箱，目的是为了放那只生病的小鸟”，所以选 D。2.D.考查不定式短语 in order to 和 so as to，以及 not 的位置。根据句意应该是否定形式，not 要放在to 的前面，所以 B 不正确。该考点下，同学们需要牢记：该考点下，同学们需要牢记：1.不定式常用作目的状语，表示动作尚未发生，意为“为了”。例如：To learn English well,you need time and patience.要想把英语学好，你需要时间和耐心。He raised his voice to be heard by all the students.为了被所有的学生听到，他提高了声音。-第 12 页注意注意：其位置可以是句首，也可以是句末。2.还可用 in order to/so as to 表示目的，意为“以便；为了”。例如：He got up very early in order to/so as to catch the first bus.In order not to miss the first bus,he got up very early.（注意：句首时不能用 so as to）不定式作宾语不定式作宾语一些词后只能跟 to do 作宾语。例如:The driver failed to see the other car in time.He decided to buy a new car.这种搭配的常见动词有：afford，need，agree，ask，decide，choose，hope，offer，plan，hate，refuse等。拓展：拓展：1.“疑问词+to do”作宾语：I dont know where to go this weekend.2.it 作形式宾语：I feel it my duty to help them.（it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是 to help them）注意：这种用法常用于句型：注意：这种用法常用于句型：“find/feel/think+it+adj./n.+to do sth.”状语从句：结果状语从句状语从句：结果状语从句本模块主要学习 so/such.that 引导的结果状语：通过下面三道题，看相关考点：1.The teacher taught us in such a lovely way _ we would never forget what he taught us.A.asB.thatC.so thatD.which2.-Did you catch what the teacher said?-No.She spoke so fast _ I couldnt hear her very clearly.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.Since3.There are _ few problems left _ I believe you can deal with them yourself.A.such;thatB.so;thatC.such;asD.so;as解析：解析：1.B.考查结果状语从句，such+(a/an)+adj.+可数名词（复数）/不可数名词+that。句意：这位老师的教学方式如此生动，以至于我们永远都忘不了他教授的内容。2.B.句意为“她说得太快了，我听不清楚她说什么。考查结果状语从句的引导词，so+adj./adv.+that.。-第 13 页3.B.考查结果状语从句引导词的选用，虽然句中出现了名词 problems，但是因为名词前 few，只能选so.that.。知识点总结：知识点总结：so/such 区别区别There is so little water left that I have to buy some.（little 表示“少”）He is such a little boy that we all like him.（little 表示“小”）高中英语必修高中英语必修 2（外研版）（外研版）Unit 3 Music知识点总结知识点总结一、重点词汇一、重点词汇lose v.丧失，失去丧失，失去1.be lost in sth.：全神贯注于2.get lost/lose ones way：迷路He was so lost in reading that he missed the train for work.他看书太入神了，误了上班的火车。They got lost because they went in the wrong direction.他们走错了方向，所以迷了路。mix v.混合，搅拌混合，搅拌1.mix(sth.)with sth.：把.与.混合2.mix up：混淆，弄乱The powder is mixed with cold water is to form a paste.用冷水把粉末搅拌成糊状。I must have got the times mixed up.我肯定是把时间弄混了。名词 such形副 so；such+(a/an)+adj.+可数名词（复数）/不可数名词+that.so+adj./adv.+thatso+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that.多多少少，都用 soso+many/much/few/littlemany/much/few/little 等+名词+that.little 一词有多义小用 such，少用 soso+little（少）+名词.+that.such+a little（小）+名词+that.-第 14 页拓展拓展：mixture 混合物，混杂体be impressed with sth：对：对留下深刻印象留下深刻印象Youll be impressed with the brightness and the beauty of the colors.色彩的明艳美丽会让你大饱眼福。拓展拓展：1.impression n.印象leave/give/make an impression on sb.给某人留下印象2.impressive adj.令人印象深刻的split up：解散；决裂；离婚：解散；决裂；离婚Did you know that John and Mary have split up?约翰和玛丽已经分手了，你知道吗？After the meeting we split up and went home.散会以后，我们就分开回家了。make a note of：记录（：记录（=take a note of）Make a note of the reference number shown on the form.把表格上的编码记下来。have an influence on：对：对有影响有影响Both society and family have an influence on the childrens development.社会和家庭都会影响孩子的发展。阅读必备词汇阅读必备词汇audience n.听众genius n.天才symphony n.交响乐；交响曲；交响乐团compose vt.作曲；创作catchy adj.动人的complex adj.复杂的record vt.录音二、重点句型二、重点句型-第 15 页After studying music in Vienna,Haydn went to work at the court of a prince ineasternAustria,where he became director of music.解析解析：本句的主干是“Haydn went to work at the court of a prince in eastern Austria”；after 引导部分是一个介词结构，表示时间；where 引导的是一个定语从句，修饰前面的 court。翻译翻译：在维也纳学习音乐之后，海顿去奥地利东部一个王子的宫廷工作，在那里他成了音乐指挥家。拓展拓展：where 引导的非限制性定语从句在写作中应用非常广泛，例如：Last week,we went to the park near our school.We had a good time there.Last week,we went to the park near our school,where we had a good time.Having worked there for 30 years,Haydn moved to London,where he was verysuccessful.解析解析：本句的主干是“Haydn moved to London”；“Having worked there for 30 years”是一个现在分词结构作时间状语；“where he was very successful”是由 where 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的 London。翻译翻译：在那里工作了 30 年后，海顿移居伦敦。在伦敦他非常的成功。拓展拓展：“having done”这一结构在写作中应用非常广泛，适当使用不但可以体现语言的多样性，更能使句子显得简单地道，例如：After we got everything ready we began to head for the park.Having got everything ready,we began to head for the park.He showed musical talent when he was very young,and learned to play theviolin andpiano from his father,who was a singer.解析解析：本句的主干是“He showed musical talent and learned to play the violin and piano from his father”；“whenhe was very young”是一个由 when 引导的时间状语从句；“who was a singer”是由 who 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的father。翻译翻译：他在很小的时候就表现出了音乐天赋,并从他的父亲那学会了拉小提琴和钢琴。他父亲是一个歌手。However,it was Haydn who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.解析解析：本句是一个强调句，结构是 it was+Haydn+who+encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna，原句是：-第 16 页Haydn encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.翻译翻译：然而，鼓励贝多芬去维也纳的人正是海顿。拓展拓展：强调句型的基本结构是：It is/was+被强调部分+that+其它部分(如果强调的是人，其中的 that 还可以换成who)。如何区分强调句型其实很简单，只要把 It is/was+that/who 去掉，如果剩余部分通过调整语序组成一个完整的句子，那该句子就是强调句，否则就不是。三、重点语法三、重点语法状语从句：时间状语从句（状语从句：时间状语从句（when/while/as）when,while,as 都可作当时解。若主句表示短暂性动作，从句表示持续性动作，三者都可用。He fell asleep when/while/as he was reading.他看书时睡着了。实际考查时，一般考查三者的区别：实际考查时，一般考查三者的区别：1.when 一般表示时间点；while 表示时间段。例如：When we arrived in Beijing,it was raining.(arrive 不是延续性动词)我们到达北京时，天正在下雨。Please do not trouble me while I am writing my homework.(write 是延续性动词)我写作业时请不要打扰我。2.when 表示“这时这时(突然突然)”；while 表示“而而”、“却却”(表示对比表示对比)We were about to start when it began to rain.我们正要出发，天突然开始下雨了。He likes coffee,while she likes tea.他喜欢咖啡，而她却喜欢茶。3.as 表示“随着；一边，一边”。As children get older,they become more and more interested in everything.随着孩子日渐长大，他们对一切变得越来越感兴趣。过去完成时过去完成时1.概念概念表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去过去的过去”。2.构成构成：had+过去分词-第 17 页3.用法用法（1）发生在过去以前的动作，已结束，对过去造成影响。它不能离开过去时间而独立存在，多与 already，yet，just，before，never 等时间副词及 by,before,when 等引导的短语或从句连用。如：When we got to the cinema,the film had already begun.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。（2）发生在过去以前的动作或状态，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去，常和 for,since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。By the time I left the school,he had taught the class for 3 years.到我毕业时，他已经教那个班三年了。拓展：拓展：（1）用在 It was the first/seco