成人原发免疫性血小板减少症诊治课件.ppt
关于成人原发免疫性血小板减少症诊治第1页,此课件共47页哦提纲概述概述诊断要点诊断要点疾病分期疾病分期治疗原则治疗原则疗效判断疗效判断第2页,此课件共47页哦概述获得性自身免疫性出血性疾病获得性自身免疫性出血性疾病占出血性疾病占出血性疾病1/3,老年人高发,老年人高发以皮肤黏膜出血为主以皮肤黏膜出血为主患者可有明显乏力症状患者可有明显乏力症状第3页,此课件共47页哦AverageannualITPincidencebyagegroupandgender(n=1145)第4页,此课件共47页哦LifeQualityinChronicITPPHealthyGeneral PopulationCancerHypertensionArthritisITPITPDiabetesLimoCHFMcMillan et al.American Journal of Hematology DOI 10.1002/ajh/20992第5页,此课件共47页哦临床表现临床表现出血症状一般与血小板计数负相关出血症状一般与血小板计数负相关部分重度血小板减少患者无出血症状或仅部分重度血小板减少患者无出血症状或仅轻度出血轻度出血老年患者出血发生率明显高于年轻患者老年患者出血发生率明显高于年轻患者注意:乏力与血栓形成注意:乏力与血栓形成第6页,此课件共47页哦E第7页,此课件共47页哦ITP ITP 出血评分量表出血评分量表因因素素分分值值年年龄龄瘀瘀点点/瘀瘀斑斑器器官官出出血血65岁头面部其它部位鼻衄/牙龈出血/口腔血疱内脏出血(肺、胃肠道、泌尿生殖系统)中枢系统中枢系统偶发、可自止多发、持续不止不伴贫血伴有贫血危及生命王琳侯明.原发免疫性血小板减少症出血评分系统临床应用分析。中华血液学杂志。2012第8页,此课件共47页哦发病机制发病机制对自身抗原免疫耐受缺失对自身抗原免疫耐受缺失血小板生成减少血小板生成减少血小板破坏增多血小板破坏增多第9页,此课件共47页哦OligoclonalexpansionsofGP-specificCD4+TcellsFogartyPF,etal.ClinAdvHematolOncol2003;1:365-71T-cellactivationinITPSempleetal.Blood1991;78:2619-25Sempleetal.Blood1996;87:4245-54LostofT-celltolerancetoselfantigeninITPPeng,etal.Blood2003;101:2721-26Zhang,etal.JThrombosisHaemostasis2007;6:15865DisturbedapoptosisofTcellsOlsson,etal.ThrombHaemost2005;93:139-44LossofT-celltolerance第10页,此课件共47页哦发病机制发病机制对自身抗原免疫耐受缺失对自身抗原免疫耐受缺失血小板生成减少血小板生成减少血小板破坏增多血小板破坏增多第11页,此课件共47页哦PlateletproductionissuboptimalinITPAutologous 111In-platelet studies show platelet production normal in 2/3 patientsTPO levels normal in 75%of ITP patients(relative TPO deficiency)Autoantibodies inhibit both Mk growth and Mk apoptosisTrail-mediated megakaryocyte para-apoptosis leading to in vitro dysmegakaryocytopoiesis and impaired platelet production 第12页,此课件共47页哦ThrombopoietinlevelsinITPHou et al.Br J Haematol 1998;101:420-4第13页,此课件共47页哦DecreasedplateletproductionTrail-mediatedmegakaryocytepara-apoptosisleadingtoinvitrodysmegakaryocytopoiesisplasmaantibodyRemovalofantibodyThenumberofmegakaryocytesMegakaryocyteapoptosisAntibodies inhibit the Generation of megakaryocytesYang,et al.Blood 2010;116:4307-16第14页,此课件共47页哦发病机制发病机制对自身抗原免疫耐受缺失对自身抗原免疫耐受缺失血小板生成减少血小板生成减少血小板破坏增多血小板破坏增多第15页,此课件共47页哦IncreasedplateletdestructionAutoantibody-mediatedplateletclearanceZucker-Franklin,et al.N Engl J Med 1977;297:517-23CTL-mediatedplateletlysisOlsson,et al.Nat Med 2003;9:1123-27GPIbdesialyationleadingtoplateletapoptosis Heyu Ni,et al.JCI.2013 on published GPIbdesialyationKupffercellPLTPLT第16页,此课件共47页哦IncreasedplateletdestructionChow,et al.Blood 2010;115:1247-53GPIIIaknockoutmiceImmunizedwithplateletsCD19(+)SplenocytesCD8(+)SplenocytesSCIDmiceThrombo-cytopeniaThrombo-cytopeniaMouse model of ITP第17页,此课件共47页哦提纲概述概述诊断要点诊断要点疾病分期疾病分期治疗原则治疗原则疗效判断疗效判断第18页,此课件共47页哦诊断要点血小板计数减少,形态无异常血小板计数减少,形态无异常脾脏不大脾脏不大骨髓检查:骨髓检查:巨核细胞增多/正常,成熟障碍排除继发性血小板减少排除继发性血小板减少药物相关性血小板减少病毒(HIV、HCV)相关性血小板减少继发于SLE、MPD的血小板减少第19页,此课件共47页哦诊断要点特殊实验室检查:特殊实验室检查:血小板抗体检测(MAIPA法和流式微球法)检测抗原特异性自身抗体的特异性较高鉴别免疫性与非免疫性血小板减少血小板生成素(TPO)不作为常规检测有助于鉴别ITP与不典型AA或低增生性MDS第20页,此课件共47页哦提纲概述诊断要点疾病分期治疗原则疗效判断第21页,此课件共47页哦疾病分期新诊断新诊断ITP:确诊后3个月以内持续性持续性ITP:确诊后312个月血小板持续减少慢性慢性ITP:血小板减少持续超过12个月重症重症ITP:血小板10109/L,出血症状难治性难治性ITP:脾切除无效或复发需治疗以降低出血危险除外其他原因第22页,此课件共47页哦0月3月12月新诊断ITP持续性ITP慢性ITP2012年指南年指南1996年指南年指南0月6月12月慢性ITP急性ITP第23页,此课件共47页哦提纲概述概述诊断要点诊断要点疾病分期疾病分期治疗原则治疗原则疗效判断疗效判断第24页,此课件共47页哦治疗原则治疗原则治疗原则治疗原则紧急治疗紧急治疗新诊断新诊断ITP的一线治疗的一线治疗成人成人ITP的二线治疗的二线治疗第25页,此课件共47页哦治疗原则治疗原则随访观察:随访观察:血小板30109/L,无出血表现,不从事增加出血危险的工作或活动增加出血风险的危险因素:增加出血风险的危险因素:年龄和患病时间血小板功能缺陷凝血因子缺陷未被控制的高血压外科手术或外伤感染必须服用抗凝药物第26页,此课件共47页哦紧急治疗紧急治疗重症重症ITP(血小板计数(血小板计数10109/L),活动性出血),活动性出血或需要急诊手术或需要急诊手术方案方案:血小板输注IVIg1.0g/(kgd)23天和/或甲基强的松龙(1.0g/d3天)其他方案重组人活化因子(rhFa)第27页,此课件共47页哦新诊断新诊断ITPITP的一线治疗的一线治疗短程肾上腺糖皮质激素:短程肾上腺糖皮质激素:泼尼松剂量从1.0mg/(kgd),稳定后剂量快速减少至最小维持量(15mg/d),不能维持考虑二线治疗HD-DXM,40mg/d4d,无效者半月后可重复静脉输注丙种球蛋白(静脉输注丙种球蛋白(IVIg)治疗)治疗第28页,此课件共47页哦Antibodyspeciesonresponsetosteroid*R=Response;*NR=NoresponseR=Response;*NR=Noresponse ITPpatientswithanti-GPIbantibodiesarelessresponsivetosteroidITPpatientswithanti-GPIbantibodiesarelessresponsivetosteroidtherapytherapyZeng,et al.American Journal of Hematology 2011Zeng,et al.American Journal of Hematology 2011GPIb(+)GPIb(-)TotalGPIIbIIIa(-)GPIIbIIIa(+)GPIIbIIIa(-)GPIIbIIIa(+)R*9(26.5%)16(29.6%)36(80%)31(72.1%)92NR*253891284Total3454454376第29页,此课件共47页哦GPIIb/IIIa(-)GPIIb/IIIa(+)TotalGPIb/IX(-)GPIb/IX(+)GPIb/IX(-)GPIb/IX(+)R3610301389NR716101649Total43264029138OverallresponserateOverallresponserate:64.5%64.5%GPIb/IX(+)responserateGPIb/IX(+)responserate:41.8%41.8%GPIb/IX(-)responserateGPIb/IX(-)responserate:79.5%79.5%(-)(-)responserate(-)(-)responserate:83.7%83.7%Our unpublished dataAntibodyspeciesonresponsetoIVIg第30页,此课件共47页哦成人成人ITPITP的二线治疗的二线治疗脾切除脾切除*:正规糖皮质激素治疗无效,病程迁延6个月以上强的松有效,维持量30mg/d糖皮质激素禁忌药物治疗药物治疗利妥昔单抗利妥昔单抗#,TPO和和TPO受体激动剂受体激动剂,硫唑嘌呤,环孢素A,达那唑,长春碱类*GodeauB,etal.Blood.2008;112:999-1004.#GudbrandsdottirS,etal.Blood.2013,121:1976-81.SalehMN,etal.Blood.2013,121:537-45.第31页,此课件共47页哦Zaja,et al.Haematologica 2008;93:930-33Taube,et al.Haematologica 2005;90:281-3DecreasethedestructionofplateletRituximab(Standarddose)第32页,此课件共47页哦Long-termfollow-Zaja,F.,etal.(2012).AmJHematol87(9):886-889.第33页,此课件共47页哦LPatel,V.L.,etal.(2012).Blood119(25):5989-5995.LiborCervinek,etal.IntJHematol.201287(9):886-889.Estimatedevent-freesurvivalcurveswithstandarddoseorlowdose第34页,此课件共47页哦PlateletResponseandRomiplostimDoseRemainedStableOverTimeNote:datapointswithn5notplottedD.Kuteretal.ASH2010.第35页,此课件共47页哦299adultITPpatientswereinvolved,87%ofpatientsachievedaPC50109/L;MedianPCincreasedtoPC50109/Lbyweek2andremainedconsistentlythrough164weeks;Theincidenceofanybleedingsymptomsdeclinedfrom56%atbaselineto16%and20%atweek52andweek104respectively.Saleh et al.ASH2010,Abstract#67Eltrombopag第36页,此课件共47页哦不同措施治疗ITP的起效时间治疗措施治疗措施起效时间起效时间*(天)(天)达峰时间(天)达峰时间(天)硫唑嘌呤硫唑嘌呤30-9030-180达那唑达那唑14-9028-180地塞米松地塞米松2-144-28艾曲波帕艾曲波帕7-2814-90大剂量静丙大剂量静丙1-32-7泼尼松泼尼松4-147-28利妥昔单抗利妥昔单抗7-5614-180罗米司汀罗米司汀5-1414-60脾切除脾切除1-567-56长春新碱长春新碱7-147-42长春花碱酰胺长春花碱酰胺7-147-BusselJB,ProvanD,KovalevaL,etal.Lancet.2009;373(9664):641-648.KuterDJ,BusselJB,LyonsRM,SenecalFM,etal.Lancet.2008;371(9610):395-403.WangSJ,YangRC,ZouP,etal.IntJHematol.2012;96(2):222-2228.ArnoldDM,DentaliF,CrowtherMA,MeyerRM,CookRJ,SigouinC,etalAnnInternMed.2007;146:25-33第37页,此课件共47页哦联合治疗联合治疗地塞米松联合利妥昔单抗地塞米松联合利妥昔单抗血小板生成素联合利妥昔单抗血小板生成素联合利妥昔单抗地塞米松联合血小板生成素地塞米松联合血小板生成素第38页,此课件共47页哦DexamethasoneplusrituximabZaja,et al.Blood 2010;115:2755-62Zaja,et al.Blood 2010;115:2755-62Dexamethasone plus rituximab yields higher Dexamethasone plus rituximab yields higher sustained response rates than sustained response rates than dexamethasone monotherapy in adults with dexamethasone monotherapy in adults with primary immune thrombocytopeniaprimary immune thrombocytopenia 第39页,此课件共47页哦rhTPOplusRituximabRituximabrhTPODecreaseplateletdestructionIncreaseplateletproductionHighresponseratewithalongTTRandSRHighresponseratewithashortTTR,andrelapsesoonafterwithdrawal第40页,此课件共47页哦Open-label,non-randomized,non-placebo-controlled;rhTPO:300U/Kg/d,d1-14;Rituximab:375mg/m2,qw*4(d1,8,15,22);Rituximab combined rhTPO in corticosteroid non-responsive ITPrhTPOplusRituximabrhTPOplusRituximab *Unpublished dataUnpublished data *Arnold,et al.Ann of Intern Med 2007;146:25-33 *Arnold,et al.Ann of Intern Med 2007;146:25-33#Wang,et al.Chin J Thromb Haemost 2010;15:149-53#Wang,et al.Chin J Thromb Haemost 2010;15:149-53第41页,此课件共47页哦EfficacyComparisonRituximab+TPO(n=21)*Rituximab(n=313)*rhTPO(n=73)#Rituximab+Dex(n=49)&OR76.19%76.19%(16/21)(16/21)62.562.5(19/313)(19/313)60.27%60.27%(44/73)(44/73)63.0%63.0%(31/49)(31/49)CR57.14%57.14%(12/21)(12/21)46.3%46.3%(13/191)(13/191)-53.0%53.0%(26/49)(26/49)R19.05%19.05%(4/21)(4/21)24.0%24.0%(16/284)(16/284)-10.0%10.0%(5/49)(5/49)*OR:overall response;CR:complete response;R:response;rhTPOplusRituximab *Unpublished dataUnpublished data*Arnold,et al.Ann of Intern Med 2007;146:25-33*Arnold,et al.Ann of Intern Med 2007;146:25-33#Wang,et al.Chin J Thromb Haemost 2010;15:149-53Wang,et al.Chin J Thromb Haemost 2010;15:149-53&Zaja&Zaja,et al.Blood 2010;115:2755-62,et al.Blood 2010;115:2755-62第42页,此课件共47页哦HD-DexplusrhTPOrhTPOHD-DexDecreaseplateletdestructionIncreaseplateletproductionImproveTregfunction?IncreasethenumberofTreg作用机制互补作用机制互补协同作用?协同作用?长期缓解?长期缓解?第43页,此课件共47页哦JamesB.Busseletal.Blood,2012120:960-969Treatmentstrategy第44页,此课件共47页哦提纲提纲概述概述诊断要点诊断要点疾病的分期疾病的分期治疗原则治疗原则疗效判断疗效判断第45页,此课件共47页哦疗效判断疗效判断完全反应(完全反应(CR):):治疗后血小板100109/L且无出血有效(有效(R):):治疗后血小板30109/L且比基础血小板增加2倍,且无出血无效(无效(NR):):治疗后血小板30109/L或比基础血小板增加不到2倍,或有出血在定义CR或R时,应至少检测2次,其间至少间隔7天第46页,此课件共47页哦感谢大家观看第47页,此课件共47页哦