财务分析柳工资产负债表lbc.docx
柳工母公司资产产负债表分析析资产负债表分析析的目的主要要是了解企业业财务状况的的变化以及对对变化作出一一个总的评价价。财务状况况变化分析,主主要是通过比比较分析法和和比率分析法法进行。表1 柳工工母公司资产产负债表横向向比较分析项 目2009年2008年增减变动额增减百分比流动资产:货币资金1,620,6636,0779.01641,4033,615.14979,2322,463.87 152.67%应收票据611,9277,728.20188,3255,282.48423,6022,445.72 224.93%应收账款977,2700,333.50783,4700,766.42193,7999,567.08 24.74%预付款项60,530,860.55646,746,096.66813,784,763.888 29.49%其他应收款430,1300,439.73102,0244,308.06328,1066,131.67 321.60%存货1,599,6603,2111.791,709,6608,1220.89-110,0004,9099.10 -6.43%流动资产合计5,300,0098,6552.79 3,471,5578,1889.67979,2322,463.87 152.67%非流动资产:长期股权投资1,965,9961,3220.041,424,4400,6220.09541,5600,699.95 38.02%固定资产602,2966,751.32570,8755,068.5131,421,682.881 5.50%在建工程79,474,614.11958,295,593.00121,179,021.118 36.33%无形资产70,825,065.33049,835,891.88220,989,173.448 42.12%长期待摊费用2,365,7798.0552,365,7798.055 递延所得税资产产75,256,660.00048,696,871.77826,559,788.222 54.54%非流动资产合计计2,796,1180,2008.90 2,152,1104,0445.21644,0766,163.69 29.93%资产总计8,096,2278,8661.695,623,6682,2334.882,472,5596,6226.81 43.97%流动负债:短期借款563,4799,920.961,040,1148,1553.95-476,6668,2322.99 -45.83%应付票据1,254,2209,4225.52537,5299,200.00716,6800,225.52 133.33%应付账款1,772,9937,0111.19524,9222,354.721,248,0014,6556.47 237.75%预收款项55,578,456.555104,8066,435.54-49,2277,978.99 -46.97%应付职工薪酬6,407,2211.8444,452,5502.3001,954,7709.544 43.90%应交税费100,5666,153.4348,103,797.11452,462,356.229 109.06%应付利息5,600,0000.033-5,600,000.003 -100.000%其他应付款392,4222,197.62278,4733,105.52113,9499,092.10 40.92%流动负债合计4,145,6600,3777.112,544,0035,5449.201,601,5564,8227.91 62.95%非流动负债:长期借款68,283,000.00034,176,500.00034,106,500.000 99.80%应付债券620,8333,047.39-620,8333,0477.39 -100.000%递延所得税负债债6,680,9937.4775,778,8854.288902,0833.19 15.61%其他非流动负债债48,648,228.2203,548,0018.04445,100,210.116 1271.144%非流动负债合计计123,6122,165.67664,3366,419.71-540,7224,2544.04 -81.39%负债合计4,269,2212,5442.783,208,3371,9668.911,060,8840,5773.87 33.06%所有者权益:实收资本(股本本)650,1611,424.00472,4566,265.00177,7055,159.00 37.61%资本公积1,084,0089,7005.70619,7766,368.38464,3133,337.32 74.92%盈余公积432,3400,441.93350,1811,865.8882,158,576.005 23.46%未分配利润1,660,4474,7447.28972,8955,766.71687,5788,980.57 70.67%所有者权益合计计3,827,0066,3118.912,415,3310,2665.971,411,7756,0552.94 58.45%负债和所有者权权益总计8,096,2278,8661.695,623,6682,2334.882,472,5596,6226.81 43.97%表2 柳柳工母公司资资产负债表纵纵向比较分析析项 目2009年2008年2009年共同同比报表2008年共同同比报表共同比报表增减减变动值流动资产:货币资金1,620,6636,0779.01641,4033,615.1420.02%11.41%8.61%应收票据611,9277,728.20188,3255,282.487.56%3.35%4.21%应收账款977,2700,333.50783,4700,766.4212.07%13.93%-1.86%预付款项60,530,860.55646,746,096.6680.75%0.83%-0.08%其他应收款430,1300,439.73102,0244,308.065.31%1.81%3.50%存货1,599,6603,2111.791,709,6608,1220.8919.76%30.40%-10.64%流动资产合计5,300,0098,6552.79 3,471,5578,1889.6765.46%61.73%3.73%非流动资产:长期股权投资1,965,9961,3220.041,424,4400,6220.0924.28%25.33%-1.05%固定资产602,2966,751.32570,8755,068.517.44%10.15%-2.71%在建工程79,474,614.11958,295,593.0010.98%1.04%-0.05%无形资产70,825,065.33049,835,891.8820.87%0.89%-0.01%长期待摊费用2,365,7798.0550.03%0.00%0.03%递延所得税资产产75,256,660.00048,696,871.7780.93%0.87%0.06%非流动资产合计计2,796,1180,2008.90 2,152,1104,0445.2134.54%38.27%-3.73%资产总计8,096,2278,8661.695,623,6682,2334.88100.00%100.00%0.00%流动负债:短期借款563,4799,920.961,040,1148,1553.956.96%18.50%-11.54%应付票据1,254,2209,4225.52537,5299,200.0015.49%9.56%5.93%应付账款1,772,9937,0111.19524,9222,354.7221.90%9.33%12.56%预收款项55,578,456.555104,8066,435.540.69%1.86%-1.18%应付职工薪酬6,407,2211.8444,452,5502.3000.08%0.08%0.00%应交税费100,5666,153.4348,103,797.1141.24%0.86%0.38%应付利息5,600,0000.0330.00%0.10%-0.10%其他应付款392,4222,197.62278,4733,105.524.85%4.95%-0.10%流动负债合计4,145,6600,3777.112,544,0035,5449.2051.20%45.24%5.97%非流动负债:长期借款68,283,000.00034,176,500.0000.84%0.61%0.24%应付债券620,8333,047.390.00%11.04%-11.04%递延所得税负债债6,680,9937.4775,778,8854.2880.08%0.10%-0.02%其他非流动负债债48,648,228.2203,548,0018.0440.60%0.06%0.54%非流动负债合计计123,6122,165.67664,3366,419.711.53%11.81%-10.29%负债合计4,269,2212,5442.783,208,3371,9668.9152.73%57.05%-4.32%所有者权益:实收资本(股本本)650,1611,424.00472,4566,265.008.03%8.40%-0.37%资本公积1,084,0089,7005.70619,7766,368.3813.39%11.02%2.37%盈余公积432,3400,441.93350,1811,865.885.34%6.23%-0.89%未分配利润1,660,4474,7447.28972,8955,766.7120.51%17.30%3.21%所有者权益合计计3,827,0066,3118.912,415,3310,2665.9747.27%42.95%4.32%负债和所有者权权益总计8,096,2278,8661.695,623,6682,2334.88100.00%100.00%0.00%表3 柳工母公司司资产负债表表横向趋势分分析项 目2009年2008年2007年2007年2008年2009年流动资产:货币资金1,620,6636,0779.01641,4033,615.14254,9922,978.73 1.00 2.52 6.36 应收票据611,9277,728.20188,3255,282.48280,5000,934.95 1.00 0.67 2.18 应收账款977,2700,333.50783,4700,766.42610,7377,585.11 1.00 1.28 1.60 预付款项60,530,860.55646,746,096.668102,0544,178.09 1.00 0.46 0.59 其他应收款430,1300,439.73102,0244,308.0622,113,366.888 1.00 4.61 19.45 存货1,599,6603,2111.791,709,6608,1220.891,330,7783,0220.34 1.00 1.28 1.20 流动资产合计5,300,0098,6552.79 3,471,5578,1889.672,601,1182,0664.10 1.00 2.52 6.36 非流动资产:长期股权投资1,965,9961,3220.041,424,4400,6220.09664,8588,995.51 1.00 2.14 2.96 固定资产602,2966,751.32570,8755,068.51443,6411,868.23 1.00 1.29 1.36 在建工程79,474,614.11958,295,593.00199,145,715.881 1.00 0.59 0.80 无形资产70,825,065.33049,835,891.88267,230,623.667 1.00 0.74 1.05 长期待摊费用2,365,7798.0550.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 递延所得税资产产75,256,660.00048,696,871.77837,845,846.115 1.00 1.29 1.99 非流动资产合计计2,796,1180,2008.90 2,152,1104,0445.211,312,7723,0449.37 1.00 1.64 2.13 资产总计8,096,2278,8661.695,623,6682,2334.883,913,9905,1113.47 1.00 1.44 2.07 流动负债:短期借款563,4799,920.961,040,1148,1553.95130,0000,000.00 1.00 8.00 4.33 应付票据1,254,2209,4225.52537,5299,200.00443,5988,000.00 1.00 1.21 2.83 应付账款1,772,9937,0111.19524,9222,354.72912,0699,900.67 1.00 0.58 1.94 预收款项55,578,456.555104,8066,435.5479,348,161.006 1.00 1.32 0.70 应付职工薪酬6,407,2211.8444,452,5502.30022,383,064.227 1.00 0.20 0.29 应交税费100,5666,153.4348,103,797.114-9,246,179.997 1.00 6.20 11.88 应付利息5,600,0000.0330.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 其他应付款392,4222,197.62278,4733,105.52231,5999,107.60 1.00 1.20 1.69 其他流动负债3,248,0018.044 1.00 0.00 0.00 流动负债合计4,145,6600,3777.112,544,0035,5449.201,813,0000,0771.67 1.00 1.40 2.29 非流动负债:长期借款68,283,000.00034,176,500.0000.00 0.001.00 2.00 应付债券620,8333,047.390.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 递延所得税负债债6,680,9937.4775,778,8854.2882,164,9996.666 1.00 2.67 3.09 其他非流动负债债48,648,228.2203,548,0018.0440.00 0.00 1.00 13.71 非流动负债合计计123,6122,165.67664,3366,419.712,164,9996.666 1.00 306.85 57.10 负债合计4,269,2212,5442.783,208,3371,9668.911,815,1165,0668.33 1.00 1.77 2.35 所有者权益:实收资本(股本本)650,1611,424.00472,4566,265.00472,4566,179.00 1.00 1.00 1.38 资本公积1,084,0089,7005.70619,7766,368.38440,0288,350.56 1.00 1.41 2.46 盈余公积432,3400,441.93350,1811,865.88315,2688,981.86 1.00 1.11 1.37 未分配利润1,660,4474,7447.28972,8955,766.71870,9866,533.72 1.00 1.12 1.91 所有者权益合计计3,827,0066,3118.912,415,3310,2665.972,098,7740,0445.14 1.00 1.15 1.82 负债和所有者权权益总计8,096,2278,8661.695,623,6682,2334.883,913,9905,1113.47 1.00 1.44 2.07 表4 柳工母母公司20007-20009年结构报报表趋势分析析项 目2009年2008年2007年2009年共同同比报表2008年共同同比报表2007年共同同比报表流动资产:货币资金1,620,6636,0779.01641,4033,615.14254,9922,978.73 20.02%11.41%6.52%应收票据611,9277,728.20188,3255,282.48280,5000,934.95 7.56%3.35%7.17%应收账款977,2700,333.50783,4700,766.42610,7377,585.11 12.07%13.93%15.60%预付款项60,530,860.55646,746,096.668102,0544,178.09 0.75%0.83%2.61%其他应收款430,1300,439.73102,0244,308.0622,113,366.888 5.31%1.81%0.56%存货1,599,6603,2111.791,709,6608,1220.891,330,7783,0220.34 19.76%30.40%34.00%流动资产合计5,300,0098,6552.79 3,471,5578,1889.672,601,1182,0664.10 65.46%61.73%66.46%非流动资产:长期股权投资1,965,9961,3220.041,424,4400,6220.09664,8588,995.51 24.28%25.33%16.99%固定资产602,2966,751.32570,8755,068.51443,6411,868.23 7.44%10.15%11.34%在建工程79,474,614.11958,295,593.00199,145,715.881 0.98%1.04%2.53%无形资产70,825,065.33049,835,891.88267,230,623.667 0.87%0.89%1.72%长期待摊费用2,365,7798.0550.00 0.03%0.00%0.00%递延所得税资产产75,256,660.00048,696,871.77837,845,846.115 0.93%0.87%0.97%非流动资产合计计2,796,1180,2008.90 2,152,1104,0445.211,312,7723,0449.37 34.54%38.27%33.54%资产总计8,096,2278,8661.695,623,6682,2334.883,913,9905,1113.47 100.00%100.00%100.00%流动负债:短期借款563,4799,920.961,040,1148,1553.95130,0000,000.00 6.96%18.50%3.32%应付票据1,254,2209,4225.52537,5299,200.00443,5988,000.00 15.49%9.56%11.33%应付账款1,772,9937,0111.19524,9222,354.72912,0699,900.67 21.90%9.33%23.30%预收款项55,578,456.555104,8066,435.5479,348,161.006 0.69%1.86%2.03%应付职工薪酬6,407,2211.8444,452,5502.30022,383,064.227 0.08%0.08%0.57%应交税费100,5666,153.4348,103,797.114-9,246,179.997 1.24%0.86%(0.24%)应付利息5,600,0000.0330.00 0.00%0.10%0.00%其他应付款392,4222,197.62278,4733,105.52231,5999,107.60 4.85%4.95%5.92%其他非流动负债债3,248,0018.044 0.08%流动负债合计4,145,6600,3777.112,544,0035,5449.201,813,0000,0771.67 51.20%45.24%46.32%非流动负债:长期借款68,283,000.00034,176,500.0000.00 0.84%0.61%0.00%应付债券620,8333,047.390.00 0.00%11.04%0.00%递延所得税负债债6,680,9937.4775,778,8854.2882,164,9996.666 0.08%0.10%0.06%其他非流动负债债48,648,228.2203,548,0018.0440.00 0.60%0.06%0.00%非流动负债合计计123,6122,165.67664,3366,419.712,164,9996.666 1.53%11.81%0.06%负债合计4,269,2212,5442.783,208,3371,9668.911,815,1165,0668.33 52.73%57.05%46.38%所有者权益:实收资本(股本本)650,1611,424.00472,4566,265.00472,4566,179.00 8.03%8.40%12.07%资本公积1,084,0089,7005.70619,7766,368.38440,0288,350.56 13.39%11.02%11.24%盈余公积432,3400,441.93350,1811,865.88315,2688,981.86 5.34%6.23%8.06%未分配利润1,660,4474,7447.28972,8955,766.71870,9866,533.72 20.51%17.30%22.25%所有者权益合计计3,827,0066,3118.912,415,3310,2665.972,098,7740,0445.14 47.27%42.95%53.62%负债和所有者权权益总计8,096,2278,8661.695,623,6682,2334.883,913,9905,1113.47 100.00%100.00%100.00%根据上面编制的的四个比较报报表,可对该该公司的财务务状况变化作作如下分析:(一) 资产变化情况分分析从总资产来看,22009年年年末比年初增增加了247725万元,增幅为为43.977%。表明企企业占有的经经济资源有较较大增加,经经营规模扩大大较快。从连连续三年的趋趋势分析可以以看出,企业业扩张的趋势势非常明显,22009年增增速更是显著著提高。从总资产构成来来看,流动资资产增加了99792万元,占总资资产的比重由由年初的611.73%,上上升为年末的的65.466%,上升了了3.73个个百分点,资资产总体结构构变化不大。比比较引人注目目的是货币资资金、应收票票据、其他应应收款的涨幅幅较大,年内内增长幅度分分别为1.55倍、2.22倍、3.22倍,在总资产中中的比重分别别达到了200%、8%、55%,各自增加了88.61、44.21、33.5个百分分点。尤其是是货币资金,连连续两年高速速增长,增幅幅远远超过总总资产的增长长规模。此外,存货货的变化也比比较明显,在在总资产中的的比重由年初初的30.44%下降到年年末的19.76%,减减少了10.64个百分分点。存货下下降的原因有有可能是企业业减少了采购购量和产量,也也可能是企业业加大了销售售的力度。根根据利润表数据可可算出企业营营业收入增幅幅为7%,远远远小于总资资产的增幅;另外,根据据报表附注中中原材料和在在产品期末金金额均小于期期初的事实来来看,柳工存存货下降原因因应属于第一一种可能,企业存货周周转率略有下下降(20008年为5.06,20009年为44.76)也也进一步验证证了这一推断断。而货币资金增增长主要原因因在于经营活活动现金净流流量的增长,销售总额的增长带来了更多的现金,购买商品、接受劳务支付的现金却下降,开源与节流并举,使得货币资金的增速加快。企业报表附注表明,其他应收款的增长主要是因为销售产品整机代垫运费增长所致,属于销售增长带动的结果。在非流动资产中除固定资产、长期股权投资有一定程度下降外,其余各项目的比重变化均很小,其绝对值的增长是随着资产总规模的增长而增长,水涨船高,比较正常。综合流动资产及长期股权投资、固定资产的变化情况,可以看出企业资产的流动性增强,投资增速减缓,经营风险降低。但企业后期应注意进一步加强应收款的回款力度,因为应收账款、应收票据、预付款项、其他应收款在总资产中的比重合计上升了5个百分点,应收账款周转率从2008年的12.7下降到2009年的10.8,回款时间变长,预示着企业有更多的资金被其他单位占用。(二) 负债变化情况分分析负债是企业筹集集资金的渠道道之一,负债债的变化反映映了企业筹资资方式的变化化,体现了不不同时期企业业的财务风险险水平。从负负债总额来看看,年末比年年初增长了110608万万元,增幅为为33%。资产负债率率由57%下下降到53%,降了4个个百分点。说说明企业对负负债筹资的依依赖程度有所所下降,企业业自有资金比比例上升。从负债内部构成成看,流动负负债年末比年年初增加了662.73%,占总资金金的比重为551.2%,增增长了近6个个百分点。相相应的,长期期负债比年初初下降了811%,占总资资金的比重下下降了10个个百分点。流流动负债的增增长明显的是是应付票据、应应付账款、应应交税费,三者增幅分别别为1.3倍倍和2.7倍倍和1倍。在总总资金中的比比重分别增长长了5.9和和12.566、0.38个百百分点。应付付票据和应付付账款是企业业在购买商品品、接受劳务务中应付的款款项,是一种种商业信用筹筹资,基本没没有利息支出出,是一种低低成本的筹资资方式,但如如果长期拖欠欠则会影响企企业信用。从从二者的性质质来看,其是是随采购发生生的,一般采采购量越大,应应付账款的量量也就越大。如如果存货数量量没有增加,应应付款却大幅幅上涨,则可可能是企业长长期拖欠积累累导致,通常常拖欠造成的的应付款恶性性增长往往伴伴随着银行短短期借款的增增长。如果排排除拖欠的可可能性,那就就是企业在商商业谈判中掌掌握了更多的的主动权,获获得更多更优优惠的延期付付款条件。对对于柳工而言言,其存货和短期借借款都是下降降的,因此其其应付款的增增长应属于良良性增长,值值得肯定。商商业信用的大大幅增长缓解解了企业对银银行信用的依依赖,短期借借款筹资方式式下降了111.5个百分分点,使得本本期财务费用用大幅下降,对对企业利润增增长做出了贡贡献。应交税税费尽管涨幅幅较大,但比比重变化却很很小,说明这这不是企业长长期欠缴税款款,而是经营营规模扩大带带来的正常结结果。长期负负债中,变化化显著的是应应付债券,在在总资金中的的比重下降了了11个百分分点,降幅为为100%;根据董事会会报告,可知知企业的应付付债券均为之之前发行的可可转换债券,22009年除除了部分赎回回外,其余全全部转为企业业股票,并未未对企业资金金总量造成重重大影响。至至于长期借款款项目,尽管管有近一倍的的增幅,但比比重变化却不不明显,且连连续三年均呈呈低比重趋势势,不属于分分析的重点。由于流动负债的的筹资成本较较长期负债低低,企业负债债内部结构的的变化可以降降低财务费用用的支出,但但是流动负债债的还款期短短,财务风险险比长期负债债要高,因此此,尽管理论论上企业资产产负债率下降降会降低总体体的财务风险险,但增长的的流动负债将将给企业近期期造成更大的的还款压力,企企业必须持续续加强销售回回款,确保经经营现金净流流量的稳定增增长,以保证证流动负债的的按期偿还。(三) 所有者权益变化化情况分析 所有者权益益是企业筹集集资金的另一一渠道,所有有者权益在总总资产中的比比重高低,对对债权人而言言有重要影响响,体现了企企业债权人权权益受保障的的程度。从企企业所有者权权益总额来看看,年末比年年初增长了558%,占总总资产的比重重则增加了44.3个百分分点,达到447.27%,可见,企企业总资金中中有近一半属属于投资者投投入,对债权权人权益的保保障程度比较较大,债权人人的资金安全全性较高。所有者权益中增增长较大的是是资本公积和和未分配利润润,增幅均超超过70%,在在总资产中的的比重则分别别增长了2.37和3.21个百分分点。资本公公积的增长是是因为债转股股所致,对资资金总量没有有影响。未分分配利润比重重增长是由于企企业降低利润润分配比例所所致,20008年报表附附注显示,当当年利润分配配方案为每110股派送44.5元现金金,当年每股股收益为0.7,每股分分红比例为664%,而22009年利利润分配方案案为每10股股派送1元现现金,同期每每股收益为11.33,分分红比例仅为为7.5%。利润分配比例的下降使得更多的利润留存在企业,成为企业筹资的一个主要项目。相比其他筹资方式而言,留存利润没有筹资费用,筹资的效果更明显。面对金融危机的冲击,企业选择这个筹资方式更为明智,也显示了全体股东齐心协力,放弃短期收益,帮助企业度过难关的决心。(四) 投资和筹资的对对应分析资产结构的变化化体现的是企企业的投资战战略,负债、所所有者权益的的结构变化则则反映出企业业的筹资规划划。投资战略略要顺应宏观观环境的变化化,以降低企企业的经营风风险;筹资规规划则要根据据投资的需要要来进行,既既要保证资金金的供应,又又要注意控制制筹资成本和和财务风险。结合2009年年宏观经济环环境来看:受受金融危机的的影响,各国国经济陷入严严重衰退,工工程机械市场场需求下滑,企企业经营环境境恶化,我国国为了缓解金金融危机的影影响,推出了了十大产业振振兴规划,涉涉及投资总额