2010年山东师范大学专业英语考研试题.pdf

tJJ*YiPmA 1iJfn1:Amm * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * I. Grammar and Vocabulary (30%) There are 20 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. 1. No one imagined that the apparently jJL businessman was really a criminal. A. respective B. respectable C. respectful D. realistic 2. The manager gave her his that her complaint would be investigated. A. assurance B. assumption C. sanction D. Insurance 3. What you say now is not with what you said last week. A. consistent B. persistent C. permanent D. Insistent 4. The cut in her hand has healed completely, without leaving a. A. defect B. sign C. wound D. scar 5. We should be able to do the job for you quickly, ill you give us all the i necessary information. I A. as if B. or else C. in case D. provided that i 6. The wood was so rotten that, when we pulled, it fll into fragments. I A. broke off B. broke away C. broke up D. broke through 7. Under the present system, state enterprises must tIL all profits to the government. A. turn down B. turn up C. turn out D. turn in 8. The author of the report is well with the problems in the hospital because he has been working there for many years. A. acquainted B. informed C. accustomed D. Known 9. Mary became homesick and critical of the United States, so she fled i i 10. Weather , her home in west Bloomfield to her hometown in Austria. A. completely B. sincerely C. absolutely D. increasingly the students of Class Two will have a picnic this Sunday. . A. permits B. permitted C. will permit D. permitting 11. 1i1L is mentioned in some of his stories, the author was brought up in a small village. A. It B. What C. As D. That 12. Id rather you ft those books of mine with you. A. dont take B. didnt take C. wont take D. not take ! 13. As a painter, one must be very . A. imaginary B. imaginative C. imagery D. imaginable 14. In the United States, it is required that all children iit school, public or private, for 12 years. A. must attend B. need attend C. should attend D. ought to attend 15. To plot Shakespeares life is to become involved in a kind of detective story An. there are plenty of clues but very little else. A. where B. which C. from which D. when 16. He did poorly in his examination, -& how hard he had studied for them. A. considering B. to consider C. thinking D. regarding 17. I dont think you are going to have the matter looked into today, !ill? A. are you B. do you C. arent you D. dont you 18.ln large cities, many measures have been taken againstdriving. A. Drinking B. Drunken C. Drunked D. Drink 19. Who was coming to see me in my office this afternoon? A. you said B. did you say C. did you say that D. you did say 20. Its high time we .-cutting down the rainforests. A. stopped B. had to stop C. shall stop D. stop II. Cloze (20%) Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage. When women do become managers, do they bring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are women more highly motivated and _1_ than male managers? Some research _2_ the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater _3_, an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a _4_ to bring emotional factors to bear _5_ making workplace decisions. These differences are _6_ to carry advantages for companies, _7_ they expand the range of techniques that can be used to _8_ the company manage its workforce _9_. A study commissioned by the International Womens Forum _10_ a management style used by some women managers (and also by some men) i that _11_ from the command-and-control style _12_ used by male managers . Using this interactive leadership approach, women _13_ participation, share I * power and information, _14_ other peoples self-worth, and get others excited J 2 their work. All these 15 reflect their belief that aI/owing 16 to contribute and to feel _17 _ and important is a win-win _18_ -good for the employees and the organization. The studys director _19_ that interactive It leadership may emerge _20_ the management style of choice for many organizations. 1. A. confronted B. commanded C. confined D. committed 2. A. supports B. argues C. opposes D. despises 3. A. combination B. cooperativeness C. coherence D. correlation 4. A. willingness B. loyalty C. sensitivity D. virtue 5. A. by B. in C. at D. with 6. A. disclosed B. watched C. revised D. seen 7. A. therefore B. whereas C. because D. nonetheless 8. A. help B. enable C. support D. Direct 9. A. evidently B. precisely C. aggressively D. effectively 10. A. developed B. invented C. discovered D. located 11. A. derives B. differs C. descends D. detaches 12. A. inherently B. traditionally C. conditionally D. occasionally 13. A. encourage B. dismiss C. disapprove D. engage 14. A. enhance B. enlarge C. ignore D. degrade 15. A. themes B. subjects C. researches D. things 16. A. managers B. women C. employees D. males 17. A. faithful B. powerful C. skillful D. thoughtful 18. A. situation B. status C. circumstance D. position 19. A. predicted B. proclaimed C. defied D. diagnosed 20. A. into B. from C. as D. for III. Reading Comprehension (40%) Section A. Read the follOWing two passages and briefly answer the follmving 10 questions. ( 20%) Passage 1 With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporations news coverage, as well as listen to it. And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune into two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They are brought sport, comedy, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, childrens programs and films for an annual license fee of 83 per household. It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years-yet the BBCs future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nationwide debate in Britain. The debate was launched by the government, which invited anyone with 3 an of the BBC-including ordinary listeners and viewers-to say what , was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought if it i was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBCs royal charters runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is or to make changes. Defenders of the Corporation-of whom there are many-are fond of quoting the American slogan If it aint broke, dont fix it. The SSC aint broke, they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word broke, meaning having no money), or why bother to change it? Yet the SSC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial1V channels-l1V and Channel 4-were required by the Thatcher Governments Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. Sut it is the arrival of new satellite channels-funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers subscriptions-which will bring about the biggest change in the long term. Questions: 1. What is the problem that BBC now is confronted with? 2. What does lithe BBCs royal charter (Paragraph 4) refer to? 3. What do the defenders of the Corporation mean by saying If it aint broke, dont fix it? 4. What is the first and foremost reason that the SBC has to readjust itself? 5. Whats the difference between the SBC and the new satellite channels in terms of their source of funds? Passage 2 Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick I in the thirteenth century, it may be hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue (he told the nurses to keep silent). All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was misSing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and 4 Imakes bowel-like sounds; at tweivemonthshe can speak simple words and I i understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of I I three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into I , sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents inborn with I the capacity to speak. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern of toy-bear. And Even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language. , Questions: , 6. What was discovered from Frederick Is experiment in the 13th century? 7. According to the author, what would happen to a child if he missed the early stages to learn language? 8. If a child starts to speak later than others, is it certain that he will be backward in future? Find the sentence in the text to prove your answer. 9. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey? i 10. What role does a mother play in the childs acquiring language skills? Section B. Read the following passage and paraphrase the 5 underlined sentences. (20%) In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute ,force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities I, and by looting and pillaging. (1 )Important people on both sides, who would. in other respects, appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence -as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. (2)The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever I comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking I i ruins and wonder what hit us. I The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it J 5 I I I harder and harder to get a hearing. (3)They are despised, mistrusted and even I persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently : outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent iacts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums : and ghettos, at improving living-standards and provi.di.ng educatio.n and ! employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arnvlng at a solution. (4)Our strength is weakened by having to mop up the mess that violence, 1 leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law. Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreCiate each others problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. Talk, talk, talk, the advocates of violence say, all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser. Its rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy i argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. 1 Possible, my lord, the barrister replied, none the wiser, but surely far better informed. (5)Knowledge is the necessary prereguisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve. IV. Translation (30%) 1. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15%) (1)The old lady had always been proud of the great rose-tree in her garden, , and was fond of telling how it had grown from a cutting she had brought years I, before from Italy, when she was first married. (2)She and her husband had I been travelling back in their carriage from Rome ( it was before the time of i railways) and on a bad piece of road south of Siena they had broken down, and had been forced to pass the night in a little house by the road-side. (3)The accommodation was wretched of course; she had spent a sleepless night, and riSing early had stood, wrapped up, at her window, with the cool air blowing on her face, to watch the dawn. (4)She could still, after all these years, remember the blue mountains with the bright moon above them, and how a far-off town on lone of the peaks had gradually grown whiter and whiter, till the moon faded, the , mountains were touched with the pink of the rising sun. (5)Suddenly the town was lit as by an illumination, one window after another catching and reflecting I. the suns beam, till at last the whole little city twinkled and sparkled up in the i sky like a nest of stars. 1 2. Translate the follo