初中英语阅读理解技巧点拨精.ppt

初中英语阅读理解技巧点拨2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲第1页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲第2页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲一、一、先读问题，弄清考查要点先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。二、二、快速浏览全文，掌握全貌快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。第3页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲三、三、细读原文，捕捉相关信息词细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这是，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点：解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点：1抓住四个抓住四个W和一个和一个H，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What(事件事件)，When（时间），（时间），Where（地点），（地点），Why（原因），（原因），How（经过）划出来。抓住了四个（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个和一个“H”，就抓住，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。2抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。3注意领会文章的寓意注意领会文章的寓意。第4页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲4根据题意，初选答案根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。常用的解常用的解题方法有如下几种题方法有如下几种：直接解题法直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。即从原文中直接找出答案。归纳解题法归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。确答案。第5页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲综合推理法综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。题干中有题干中有suggest,conclude,conclusion,probably,reason,because,accordingto“等字眼时，属于推断概括型，等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。思维能力。捕捉关键词捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。转换解题法转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。排除法排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。第6页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲四、四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。以便减少失误。第7页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲典型例题分析典型例题分析根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。MrBrownfirstwenttolookattheunderground-firewhenhewasseven.Throughthehole（洞）（洞）intheearthyoucouldseetheorangefire,butyouhadtolookfastbecauseitwassohot,saidMrBrown.In1898,hesawthefireoncemore（再一次）（再一次）.Now,wecanonlyseethesmoke.ThefireMrBrownsawisnottheunderground-fire.Infact,thereare260coal（煤）（煤）firesintheworld.Theyareharmful（有害）（有害）anddangerous.Thenhowtoputthemout?Scientistshavetriedtoset（放置）（放置）firetoundergroundcoaltospeedup（加速）（加速）thefires.Inthisway,theburning（燃烧）（燃烧）ofundergroundcoalwouldbesoonfinished.（被烧完）。（被烧完）。第8页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲1.MrBrownfirstsawtheunderground-fire_.A.attheageofsevenB.sevenyearsoldC.intheyearof1898D.morethan（超过）（超过）80yearsago2.MrBrownsaidthatwehadtotakeafastlookatthefirebecause_.A.itwasintheholeB.itwasveryhotC.itwasorangeD.itwasharmful3.Howmanycoalfiresarethereintheworld?A.Theresonlyone.B.Itshardtosay.C.Thereare260.D.Thearticle（文章）（文章）doesnttellus.A ABC第9页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲4.Whatsoneofthebestwaystoputout（扑灭）（扑灭）theundergroundfire?A.Tocover（覆盖）（覆盖）theholeswithstones（石块）（石块）.B.Tospeedupthefires.C.Toseethefiresburning.D.Todosomeexperiments（试验）（试验）.5.Whatisthebesttitle（标题）（标题）forthearticle?A.WatchingtheUnderground-Fire.B.AWaytoPutOuttheCoalFires.C.TheBurningEarth.D.CoalandCoalFires.BB第10页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲分析分析1.在文章的第一段的第一句里可以在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依据找到依据。attheageofseven等于等于whenhewasseven，故正确答案为，故正确答案为A。2这一题可以在第一段里直接找到答案，属于这一题可以在第一段里直接找到答案，属于直接回直接回答题答题。正确答案为。正确答案为B。3这一题可以在第二段里直接找到答案，属于这一题可以在第二段里直接找到答案，属于直接回答题直接回答题。正确答案为正确答案为C。4在文章的在文章的最后一段提到最后一段提到了扑灭火的最好方法，那就是了扑灭火的最好方法，那就是使火加速燃烧。正确答案为使火加速燃烧。正确答案为B。5完成这道题需作一定的完成这道题需作一定的归纳归纳，因为文章中，因为文章中没有给出直没有给出直接的回答接的回答。文章从。文章从MrBrown两次看火，然后说出地下火的危两次看火，然后说出地下火的危害，最后提出如何灭火的方法。文章的前两段是给为什么要灭火害，最后提出如何灭火的方法。文章的前两段是给为什么要灭火和如何灭火铺垫，如何灭火才是文章的中心。故正确答案为和如何灭火铺垫，如何灭火才是文章的中心。故正确答案为B。第11页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲第12页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲一、根据文章内容判断正误一、根据文章内容判断正误Fredtelephonedhiswife.“Ivegottwofreeticketsforthetheatretonight,”hetoldher.“Meetmeoutsidetheoffice.Wellhavesomethingtoeatandthengoontothetheatre.”Fredswifewasverypleased.Theyhadntbeentothetheatreforalongtime.Shemetherhusbandashetoldher.Theyhaddinnerandgottothetheatrejustintime.AttheentranceFredtookouthiswallettogetthetickets.“Itsverystrange,”hesaid.“Theyarenthere!”“Tryyourpockets,”saidhiswife.Buttheticketswerentthere,either.ThenFredlookedveryembarrassed(尴尬尴尬).“Whatsthematter?”askedhiswife.“Well,”Fredsaid,“IrememberwhatIdidwithmytickets.Iputtheminmybag.ButbecauseIwasntgoinghome,Ileftitintheoffice!”第13页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲()1.Oneday,Fredwasgiventheticketsforthetheatre.()2.Fredandhiswifewenttothetheatrequiteoften.()3.Fredwantedtomeethiswifeinarestaurant.()4.Theyreachedthetheatreneitherlatenorearly.()5.ThenFredcouldntfindhisticketsandrememberedwhathehaddonewiththetickets.1 1、T T 因为第一段中提到因为第一段中提到Fred told his wife Fred told his wife “I Ive got two free ticketsve got two free tickets”“freefree”此处是免费的意思。此处是免费的意思。2 2、F F 第二段中提到第二段中提到“They hadnThey hadnt been to the theatert been to the theater for a long time.for a long time.”3 3、F F 第一段中第一段中FredFred说说“Meet me outside the office.Meet me outside the office.”4 4、T T 第二段中第二段中“in timein time”是及时的意思。是及时的意思。5T 5T 结尾处提到的。结尾处提到的。第14页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲DavidMcConnellsoldbooksfromdoortodoor.Housewives(家庭主家庭主妇妇)werenotinterestedinthebooks.Usuallybeforehehadenoughtimetosayanythingabouthisbooks,thewomenclosedtheirdoors.Buthedidntgiveup.McConnelldecidedtobringeachofthemapresent,asmallbottleofperfume(香水香水)madebyhimself.Hesoonfoundthatthewomenlikedtheperfumebetterthanthebooks.Hestoppedsellingbookstosellperfumeinsteadandstartedhisowncompany“Avon”,whichisagreatsuccess.Whenyoudonothing,youlearnnothing.Butwhenyoutry,eventhoughyouarenotsuccessful,youwilllearnwhatdoesntworkandthatputsyouclosertowhatwillwork.Itdoesntmatterhowmanytimesyouarenotsuccessful.Itdoesmatterthatyouwillbesuccessfuloneday.第15页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲Edisonwasnotonthewaytosuccessuntilpeopleboughthisfirstinvention.SuccessonceisenoughforEdison.Andthesameforyousuccessonceisenough.()1.McConnellwassuccessfulasabook-seller.()2.McConnellhopedthosewomenwouldbuyhisbooksifhebroughtthemeachapresent.()3.Ifyoudonothingatall,youwillneverbesuccessful.()4.Edisonwassuccessfulattheverybeginning.()5.Thewriterencouragedustotryasmuchaswecan.F T T F TF T T F T第16页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲1 1、F F 从第一段从第一段“He stopped selling books to sell He stopped selling books to sell perfume stead.perfume stead.”，可以判断出他在推销书方面并不成，可以判断出他在推销书方面并不成功。功。2 2、T T 第一段第三行提到第一段第三行提到“McConnell decided to McConnell decided to bring each of them a present,bring each of them a present,”。3 3、T T 这句是第二段前两句的解释。这句是第二段前两句的解释。4 4、F F 最后一段，第一句说明最后一段，第一句说明Edison Edison 的发明被人们认的发明被人们认可后才走上了成功之路。可后才走上了成功之路。5 5、T T 第二段中作者提出了自己的观点。第二段中作者提出了自己的观点。第17页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲 Sociologists(Sociologists(社会学家社会学家),working in western countries,),working in western countries,have found that have found that a large number ofa large number of women wished they had women wished they had been born men.The number is said to be been born men.The number is said to be as high asas high as 60%60%in Germany.in Germany.“Women often wish they had the same chances as men Women often wish they had the same chances as men have,and think it is still menhave,and think it is still mens world,s world,”said Dr said Dr James Helen,one of the sociologists who did the James Helen,one of the sociologists who did the studystudy.Many men say that they have Many men say that they have moremore duties duties than than women.A women.A man has to make money to support(man has to make money to support(养活养活)his family and to)his family and to make the important decision,so make the important decision,so it is right for men to it is right for men to be paid morebe paid more.Some are even against their wives working at.Some are even against their wives working at all.When wives go out to work,they say,the home and all.When wives go out to work,they say,the home and children cannot bechildren cannot be第18页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲taken good care of.If women take full-time jobs,they taken good care of.If women take full-time jobs,they wonwont t be able tobe able to do what they do what they are best at doingare best at doing:making a nice home and bringing up the children.making a nice home and bringing up the children.Some women disagree.They say they want to get Some women disagree.They say they want to get out of their homes and to have freedom(out of their homes and to have freedom(自由自由)to)to choose choose betweenbetween work work andand home life.Women have the home life.Women have the right of equal pay and equal chances(right of equal pay and equal chances(平等机会平等机会).).Anne Harper has a very good job.She also believes in Anne Harper has a very good job.She also believes in“WomenWomens Liberation(s Liberation(解放解放).).”“I donI dont wish I were a t wish I were a manman,”she says,she says,“and I donand I dont think many women do.But t think many women do.But I do wish people would stop treating(I do wish people would stop treating(对待对待)us like)us like secondsecondclass people.class people.第19页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲At work,for example,we usually do the work At work,for example,we usually do the work that men do but get paid less.There are still a that men do but get paid less.There are still a lot of jobs only to menlot of jobs only to menusually they are the usually they are the best ones.If you are a man,you have a best ones.If you are a man,you have a much much betterbetter chance of living a wonderful life.How chance of living a wonderful life.How many women scientists are theremany women scientists are thereor engineers?or engineers?”第20页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲()1.many men think_.()1.many men think_.A.women can A.women cant do what men can t do what men can B.men have to work much harder than B.men have to work much harder than womenwomen C.men can make money more easily than C.men can make money more easily than womenwomen D.women D.womens duty is mainly to do s duty is mainly to do housework at homehousework at home1 1、D D 这是一道概括主旨的题，答此题的依据是第三段内容。这是一道概括主旨的题，答此题的依据是第三段内容。这段开头两句话说的是重男，那么不言而喻，家务活和教育这段开头两句话说的是重男，那么不言而喻，家务活和教育子女的任务应有妇女承担；另有一些男士则公开反对女士外子女的任务应有妇女承担；另有一些男士则公开反对女士外出工作。可见，不少男士认为妇女的主要职责是在家料理家出工作。可见，不少男士认为妇女的主要职责是在家料理家务。务。第21页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲()2.Some women have different ideas,They()2.Some women have different ideas,They say that_.say that_.A.women need chances to go out of the home A.women need chances to go out of the home more oftenmore oftenB.women want more freedom in deciding the B.women want more freedom in deciding the kind of life they wantkind of life they wantC.if women are given equal pay,they can do C.if women are given equal pay,they can do everything instead of meneverything instead of menD.women are no longer interested in taking D.women are no longer interested in taking care of their homescare of their homes2 2、B B 一些妇女持不同观点，文中第四段反映了一些妇女持不同观点，文中第四段反映了他们的意见。这也正是文章的中心思想的写作意他们的意见。这也正是文章的中心思想的写作意图图-争取人权平等，妇女自由，男女平等。争取人权平等，妇女自由，男女平等。第22页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲()3.Anne Harper didn()3.Anne Harper didnt wish to be a t wish to be a man_.man_.A.because she believed in A.because she believed in“WomenWomens Liberations Liberation”B.but she wished to get the same jobs as menB.but she wished to get the same jobs as menC.because she had got a good job C.because she had got a good job D.but she wished to treated the same as a manD.but she wished to treated the same as a man3 3、D D 安妮安妮.哈珀不希望自己是男士，但她希望社哈珀不希望自己是男士，但她希望社会像对待男士一样对待她。该题是一考查细节的会像对待男士一样对待她。该题是一考查细节的题，答案在最后一段。题，答案在最后一段。第23页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲()4.Anne Harper thought that_.()4.Anne Harper thought that_.A.women should live a better life than men A.women should live a better life than men B.women should be really liberatedB.women should be really liberatedC.women should be given better jobs than menC.women should be given better jobs than menD.women should live a more wonderful lifeD.women should live a more wonderful life4 4、B B 安妮安妮.哈珀的想法正是作者的意图，如最后哈珀的想法正是作者的意图，如最后一段写到：一段写到：She also believes in She also believes in“WomenWomens s Liberation.Liberation.”然后她又列举了许多事实，其立意还是然后她又列举了许多事实，其立意还是为了说明这一正确论点。为了说明这一正确论点。第24页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲()5.Which of the following is not true()5.Which of the following is not true according to the passage?according to the passage?A.There are more men scientists,engineers than A.There are more men scientists,engineers than women ones.women ones.B.Women are secondB.Women are secondclass people,so they shouldnclass people,so they shouldnt t live a better life.live a better life.C.Women do the same jobs as men,but get paid less C.Women do the same jobs as men,but get paid less than men.than men.D.There are some best Jobs that women have few D.There are some best Jobs that women have few chances to take.chances to take.5 5、B B 选题选题B B的观点在文中没有出现。文中男士尽管摆出种的观点在文中没有出现。文中男士尽管摆出种种理由，但还没有人敢明目张胆地发表歧视妇女的观点，即种理由，但还没有人敢明目张胆地发表歧视妇女的观点，即把妇女作为二等公民，认为妇女不应生活的更美好。把妇女作为二等公民，认为妇女不应生活的更美好。第25页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲 Have you ever held a toy balloon(Have you ever held a toy balloon(气球气球)?)?They are very light.But there are much bigger They are very light.But there are much bigger balloons.These balloons can fly very high up in balloons.These balloons can fly very high up in the sky.They are the sky.They are big enough tobig enough to carry people.They carry people.They are called hotare called hot-air balloons.air balloons.To make a hot To make a hot-air balloon go up,air balloon go up,turn on the turn on the burnerburner(燃烧器燃烧器).That will make the air inside).That will make the air inside the balloon hotter.Then the balloon will go up.the balloon hotter.Then the balloon will go up.To make the balloon go down,turn off the To make the balloon go down,turn off the burner.The air inside the balloon will get burner.The air inside the balloon will get cooler.Then the balloon will go down.cooler.Then the balloon will go down.第26页，本讲稿共39页2022/10/5兰州梦菲英语学校 赵老师编讲 Underneath(Underneath(在在下面下面)the balloon there is a large)the balloon there is a large basket.That is where the pilot(basket.That is where the pilot(飞行员飞行员)and the)and the passengers(passengers(乘客乘客)go.)go.The burner is just above the basket.You can stand in The burner is just above the basket.You can stand in the basket and turn the burner on and off.The the basket and turn the burner on and off.The balloon will go where the wind blows it.Do you want balloon will go where the wind blows it.Do you want the balloon to go somewhere special?First the balloon to go somewhere special?First make suremake sure the wind is blowing the right way!the wind is blowing the right way!People have been flying in hot-air balloons for People have been flying in hot-air balloons for over two hundred ye