概要写作读写任务.ppt

概要写作读写任务现在学习的是第1页，共44页现在学习的是第2页，共44页串联要素法串联要素法 写作方法写作方法串联要素法串联要素法 记叙文的概要记叙文的概要,一般包括记叙文的六个要素一般包括记叙文的六个要素(who;when;where;what;how;why),也就是考也就是考生应先通读阅读短文，找出这六个要素生应先通读阅读短文，找出这六个要素,然后用然后用自己的话将这六个要素串成一两句话即可。自己的话将这六个要素串成一两句话即可。现在学习的是第3页，共44页 当然当然,不一定每篇记叙文都包含这六个要不一定每篇记叙文都包含这六个要素素,但但“某人做了某事某人做了某事,结果如何结果如何”是应当包是应当包括的。因此括的。因此,要写好概要要写好概要,须找到以下两个问须找到以下两个问题的答案：题的答案：(1)谁做了什么？谁做了什么？(who did what)(2)结果如何？结果如何？(what was the result)如果是夹叙夹议的文章如果是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上这个故还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育。事给人们的启示或教育。现在学习的是第4页，共44页例例1(2011年广东年广东)阅读下面短文阅读下面短文,然后按要求写一篇然后按要求写一篇150词左右的词左右的英语短文。英语短文。When Sam first got to his boarding school with his parents,he was very happy.He thought he would be able to go home every weekend.When he was told he would not,he started crying because the thought of not seeing his parents was driving him crazy.现在学习的是第5页，共44页He was given uniforms and all other things that he would need for the term.He started crying when it was time for his parents to leave.He was then taken to the dorm,where he saw other children happy.He tried as much as he could to fit in but could not because his mind was at home.He started feeling homesick(想家想家)and wanted to go homes as soon as possible.现在学习的是第6页，共44页 He got sick soon because he could not eat the school food.He could not concentrate in the classroom.All he could think was being at home with his family.He had no mobile phone or other means to get in touch with his parents.He was angry and felt lonely.He thought his parents hated him and that was why they left him in a boarding school.写作内容写作内容1.以约以约30个词概括上文的主要内容；个词概括上文的主要内容；2.以约以约120个词讲述一次你个词讲述一次你(或你的朋友或你的朋友)想家的想家的经历。经历。现在学习的是第7页，共44页解题过程解题过程第一步第一步,根据写作内容根据写作内容2,快速获取大意。快速获取大意。解题前解题前,可以通过写作内容可以通过写作内容2和材料文体和材料文体,快速准确地把握阅读材料的主要内容并形成概快速准确地把握阅读材料的主要内容并形成概要的基本框架。如本题阅读写作内容要的基本框架。如本题阅读写作内容2,并并扫视材料可知是记叙文扫视材料可知是记叙文,于是可推知于是可推知,本文的概本文的概要框架应是：要框架应是：Sam想家的时间、地点、原因、想家的时间、地点、原因、影响和结果。影响和结果。现在学习的是第8页，共44页第二步：阅读材料，回答以下两个问题。第二步：阅读材料，回答以下两个问题。(1)谁做了什么？谁做了什么？Sam got to a boarding school and he felt homesick.(2)结果如何？结果如何？He got sick.He was angry with his parents and felt lonely.现在学习的是第9页，共44页第三步：用自己的话将其串联起来。参考范文如下：第三步：用自己的话将其串联起来。参考范文如下：范文范文1：Sam could not get used to the life of the boarding school,and he thought his parents hated him and left him in it,which made him sick,angry and lonely.范文范文2：In the passage,the writer talks about Sams experience of homesickness.He suffered a lot and felt dissatisfied with his parents after being left in a boarding school.现在学习的是第10页，共44页现在学习的是第11页，共44页 我们根据说明文的不同类型我们根据说明文的不同类型,分别给出三分别给出三种参考模板：种参考模板：1.描写某事物的性质功用。即描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象对象+性质功性质功用用+利好利好”：(In the passage)the writer introduces.(对象对象)to us,especially its.(性质或功用性质或功用),from which we know.(对象带来的利好对象带来的利好).现在学习的是第12页，共44页2.针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即“问题问题+解决方法解决方法”：The passage tells us.(问题问题),including.(方法方法1),.(方法方法2)and.(方法方法3).现在学习的是第13页，共44页3.介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即“现象现象+原因原因+结果结果”：(The author/writer said/talks about).(现象现象)of.,because/but.(原因原因/本质本质1),and.(原因原因/本质本质2).在高考读写任务中在高考读写任务中,多为说明某种社会现多为说明某种社会现象的说明文。象的说明文。现在学习的是第14页，共44页阅读下面短文阅读下面短文,然后以约然后以约30个词概括这段短文的内个词概括这段短文的内容。容。Eye care is an important factor in all of our lives.Without eyes,we seem to be able to do nothing.But,what can we do to take care of eyes?Firstly,we should eat healthy foods.Secondly,dont sit before a computer screen or TV for too long time and take regular rest at intervals so as to relax the eye muscles.Thirdly,having enough sleep is the best rest for eyes.现在学习的是第15页，共44页 Besides those notices,you should be aware of some threats to eyes in daily lives.Excessive exposure to bright sunlight is harmful to eyes,therefore,when going out,especially in summer time,put on a pair of qualified sunglasses.Stay away from smoking.Some ingredients in cigarettes are carcinogenesis(致致癌的癌的).现在学习的是第16页，共44页 Last but not least,take regular medical examines to check out the potential eye disease and prevent its deterioration(退化退化).Eyes are the most important sense organs and one should use proper eye care products to avoid further irritations(刺激刺激)and ensure longevity at ease.现在学习的是第17页，共44页解题过程解题过程 本文在指出眼睛重要后本文在指出眼睛重要后,紧接着提出问题紧接着提出问题“为保护为保护眼睛眼睛,我们可以做些什么呢我们可以做些什么呢”,然后分三点说明应该做然后分三点说明应该做些什么。因此些什么。因此,我们可以套用我们可以套用“问题问题+解决方法解决方法”模式：模式：Our eyes are important for us,so the author tells us how to take care of our eyes,including eating healthy food,giving them enough time to rest,knowing some threats,and taking frequent eye examinations.现在学习的是第18页，共44页现在学习的是第19页，共44页 议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论,因因此写议论文的概要主要是找出主题句此写议论文的概要主要是找出主题句(the topic sentences)、支撑句、支撑句(supporting sentences)和结论句和结论句(conclusion sentences)。其中最主要的是找准主题句。其中最主要的是找准主题句。概要模板：论点概要模板：论点+论据论据(+结论结论)现在学习的是第20页，共44页(2011珠海一模珠海一模)阅读下面短文阅读下面短文,然后以约然后以约30个词个词概括该文的主要内容。概括该文的主要内容。Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times.Many years ago,people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early,we would be energetic the whole day.So,getting up early is of great importance to us all.现在学习的是第21页，共44页In fact,morning is the best time of a day.In the morning,the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions.Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day.If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning,we can build our bodies and become much healthier.现在学习的是第22页，共44页Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early.However,if we get up late,we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry.Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it.If we stick to getting up early every day,we will certainly benefit a lot from it.现在学习的是第23页，共44页解题过程解题过程第一步，根据文体第一步，根据文体,找出要点。略读短文找出要点。略读短文,本本文是典型的议论文文是典型的议论文,第一段为议点第一段为议点,第二、三第二、三自然段为论据自然段为论据,最后一段为结论最后一段为结论,首尾呼应。首尾呼应。论点、论据和结论分别为：论点、论据和结论分别为：现在学习的是第24页，共44页论论点点Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit论论据据(1)we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning(2)build our bodies and become much healthier(3)have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day结结论论getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it现在学习的是第25页，共44页第二步第二步,用自己的话将其表达出来。参考用自己的话将其表达出来。参考范文为：范文为：(范文范文1)The passage mainly tells us getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot.It enables us to have a better memory,healthier body and better preparation for the day.现在学习的是第26页，共44页 (范文范文2)The passage tries to tell us that getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot,including a better memory,healthier body and better preparation for the day.现在学习的是第27页，共44页段落主题句的模式段落主题句的模式 高考的读写任务的高考的读写任务的“发表看法发表看法”部分部分,通常是三个要点通常是三个要点,建议将三个要点依次设建议将三个要点依次设为三段为三段,每段写一个主题句每段写一个主题句,放在段首放在段首,然然后再围绕主题句进行展开。这样可使写作后再围绕主题句进行展开。这样可使写作内容一目了然内容一目了然,既可避免写作时出现走题既可避免写作时出现走题或偏题或偏题,又方便改卷老师落实要点是否齐又方便改卷老师落实要点是否齐全。写主题句的主要方法有：全。写主题句的主要方法有：现在学习的是第28页，共44页1.具体回答具体回答对含特殊问句性质的要点对含特殊问句性质的要点,问什么答什么问什么答什么如：如：(1)假如你处在那些动物的处境假如你处在那些动物的处境,你会有什你会有什么反应？么反应？(2009广东广东)If I were an animal in the wildlife park,I could feel annoyed when people keep photographing with me.(感觉烦恼感觉烦恼)现在学习的是第29页，共44页(2)你认为好老师应该具有什么样的好品你认为好老师应该具有什么样的好品质。质。(2007汕头一模汕头一模)In my eyes,a good teacher should treat his students fairly as well as make the class lively and interesting.(公平对待学生公平对待学生,上课上课生动有趣生动有趣)现在学习的是第30页，共44页2.肯否明确肯否明确对带有一般问句性质对带有一般问句性质,要求考生作出肯定或要求考生作出肯定或否定回答的要点否定回答的要点,考生要明确表示支持还是考生要明确表示支持还是反对、赞同还是不赞同、该还是不该等反对、赞同还是不赞同、该还是不该等,或或表明会不会做某事。如：表明会不会做某事。如：(1)你是否赞成你是否赞成(熄灯一小时活动熄灯一小时活动)这种做法这种做法并说明理由并说明理由;(2011深圳二模要点深圳二模要点(1)Im strong for this activity,which is really meaningful and helpful.(赞成赞成)现在学习的是第31页，共44页(2)你认为是否应该禁止游客和动物拍照。你认为是否应该禁止游客和动物拍照。(2009广东广东)I believe that taking photos with animals should be banned.(应该应该)现在学习的是第32页，共44页3.直接翻译直接翻译对不含提问性质的要点对不含提问性质的要点,一般将其译成英语一般将其译成英语即可。必要时即可。必要时,可增加关联词。如：可增加关联词。如：(1)其它督促学生认真学习的办法。其它督促学生认真学习的办法。(2011佛山一模佛山一模)However,there are other ways to make students work hard.现在学习的是第33页，共44页(2)中学生活和大学生活的差别。中学生活和大学生活的差别。(2008广广东高考东高考)From my point of view,college life will be different from the life in high school.现在学习的是第34页，共44页4.表明看法表明看法对对“你对你对的看法的看法/态度态度”之类的写作要之类的写作要点点,考生可用考生可用in my opinion/view,personally,as far as Im concerned等开头等开头,直接表明自己的看法。如：直接表明自己的看法。如：(1)你对留堂制度的看法你对留堂制度的看法;(2011佛山一模佛山一模)In my opinion,detention has its advantages in educating misbehaved students.现在学习的是第35页，共44页(2)你对大学扩招的看法。你对大学扩招的看法。(2011汕头一模汕头一模)In my point of view,this tendency should be continued,as we need more capable people to contribute to the fast-growing economy.现在学习的是第36页，共44页5.表示重要表示重要对对“谈谈谈谈的重要性的重要性/必要性必要性/意义意义”就就直接说直接说“很重要很重要/很有必要很有必要/有重要有重要意义意义”。如：。如：(1)安全教育的重要性。安全教育的重要性。(2011揭阳一模揭阳一模)In my opinion,no lesson is more important than the one on personal safety.现在学习的是第37页，共44页(2)建设绿色校园的重要性建设绿色校园的重要性。(2011东山中学东山中学)It is of great importance to build a green campus.6.引出经历引出经历你或你同学的留堂经历你或你同学的留堂经历(2011佛山一模佛山一模)This reminds me of my friend Li Huas experience in primary school.现在学习的是第38页，共44页 这类要点中常含这类要点中常含“以你或你朋友的经以你或你朋友的经历说明历说明”“讲述一次你或你朋友讲述一次你或你朋友的经历的经历”等。叙述经历一般包括记叙文的等。叙述经历一般包括记叙文的基本要素基本要素,即某人在何时何地因何原因做即某人在何时何地因何原因做何事。这个故事往往是与阅读材料中的故何事。这个故事往往是与阅读材料中的故事相类似事相类似,是要紧扣你要说明的主题的。是要紧扣你要说明的主题的。现在学习的是第39页，共44页1.I have a similar experience.我也有过类似我也有过类似的经历。的经历。2.I also went through such an experience.我我也有这样的经历。也有这样的经历。3.This story reminds me of a similar experience of.故事让我想起故事让我想起的一次相的一次相似经历。似经历。常用句式常用句式现在学习的是第40页，共44页4.I once had an unforgettable/similar experience that.我曾有过难以忘怀的经历我曾有过难以忘怀的经历5.After reading the story/passage,I cant/couldnt help remembering.读了这个故事读了这个故事/这篇文章后这篇文章后,我不禁想起我不禁想起现在学习的是第41页，共44页6.On reading the story,my mind began its search for a similar experience.读了这个故读了这个故事事,我开始在脑海中寻找相似的经历。我开始在脑海中寻找相似的经历。7.This story reminds me of another story that happened.这个故事让我想起了另外一个故事这个故事让我想起了另外一个故事,这个故事发生在这个故事发生在现在学习的是第42页，共44页8.It occurred to me that my friend had a similar experience.我突然想起我朋友的一我突然想起我朋友的一次相似的经历。次相似的经历。9.I still remember the day when.我仍然记得我仍然记得的日子。的日子。现在学习的是第43页，共44页10.One of my friends experiences is a convincing example.我朋友的一次经历很有我朋友的一次经历很有说服力。说服力。11.I shall never forget the first speech competition I experienced when I was in Senior One.我永远也忘不了我经历的第一次演我永远也忘不了我经历的第一次演讲比赛讲比赛,那时我在读高一。那时我在读高一。现在学习的是第44页，共44页