理论语言学精选PPT.ppt

理论语言学第1页，此课件共19页哦Language and CultureBy:Chao lumen 第2页，此课件共19页哦1.What is culture?2.The relationship between language and culture3.Linguistic evidence of cultural differencesLanguage and Culture第3页，此课件共19页哦1.What is culture?cultureTotal way of life of a people belief customs institutions techniques language第4页，此课件共19页哦What is culture?cultureLocal or specific practice,beliefs or customs folk culture food culture wine culture dress culture enterprise culture第5页，此课件共19页哦culture material spiritual concrete substantial observable abstracthidden ambiguous第6页，此课件共19页哦 2.The relationship between language and culturenLanguage expresses cultural reality and is an important way to transmit culture.nThrough language children learn about their cultural identity.nCulture both emancipates and constrains people socially,historically and metaphorically.nLanguage helps perpetuate the culture,and the changes in language uses reflect the cultural changes in return.第7页，此课件共19页哦Generally,the relation of L to C is that of part to whole,for L is part of C.The knowledge and beliefs that constitute a peoples culture are habitually encoded and transmitted in L.第8页，此课件共19页哦3.Linguistic evidence of cultural differences1.Greetings and terms of address2.Thanks and compliments3.Privacy and taboos4.Attitudes towards numbers第9页，此课件共19页哦1.Greetings and terms of addressnEnglish greetingsnHow do you do?nHow are you?nHi!/Hello!nHow are you getting on?nChinese greetingsnNihao!nHave you eaten?nWhere are you heading?第10页，此课件共19页哦nEnglish terms of addressnMrnMrsnMissnMsnChinese terms of addressntongzhinshifunFuwuyuannUncle ZhangnChairman MaonDirector Wang第11页，此课件共19页哦Response to thanksnEnglishmen like to acknowledge and accept thanksnIm glad to hear it.nIm glad to be of help.nChinese people tend to decline expressions of gratitudenNo,no.nNot at all.nIts nothing2.Thanks and compliments第12页，此课件共19页哦 You speak excellent English.nEnglish speaking people nThank you.nChinesenNo.Response to compliments第13页，此课件共19页哦Privacyn agen family backgroundn salaryn taboon some organs of human bodynracism3.Privacy and taboos第14页，此课件共19页哦4.Attitudes towards numbersLucky numbers:Chinese people:3,6,8,10 3(san):生生(birth)3 important stages in human life 三：三：sky human being earthEnglish people:3,7,8,9 3:world(the earth,the ocean,the sky)第15页，此课件共19页哦Taboo numbersIn Chinese:4,5,7 4:death 5:(勿勿)not possible not prosperous 7:(弃弃)abandonment anger death In English:13，6，Friday第16页，此课件共19页哦*Anthropological study of linguistic:Study of language in a sociocultural context.*Bronislaw Malinowski(1884-1942):1.The meaning of a word greatly depends upon its occurrence in a given context.2.Language functions as a link in human activity,a mode of action.第17页，此课件共19页哦J.R.Firth(1890-1960):theory of the context of situation 1.The relevant features of the participants,persons,personalities.2.The relevant objects 3.The effects of the verbal action.“Who speaks what to whom and when and to what end”.第18页，此课件共19页哦The end!第19页，此课件共19页哦