牛津上海版八年级上话题阅读5.doc

牛津上海版八年级上 话题阅读5话题阅读-科技A.Choose the best answer (根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案) In the 1800s, the locomotive (火车头) was considered by many to be a symbol of the new Industrial Age.It was, indeed, one of the most important inventions of the time.Over the years, there have been many changes to the locomotive.One of the most important has been its source of power.During its history, the locomotive has gone from to electric to diesel(内燃) power.The first railroads used horses for power, but the development of the locomotive made railroads a practical means of transportation.The first locomotive was built in 1804 in Great Britain by Richard TrevithickIt could pull 50,000 pounds, but it was not very successful because it was too heavy that it caused the rails to fall apart.However, it encouraged other engineers to try to build locomotives.Two of the most important men to accept the challenge were George Stephenson and his son, Robert.Robert once won a contest to build the best locomotive.The Rocket, as he called it, had an average speed of 20 miles per hour, and the speed was 29 miles per hour.In America, developments in engines were close behind those of the British.In 0, Peter Coopers tiny locomotive, called Tom Thumb, lost a famous race against a horse-drawn coach.Although Peter Copper failed, it still made railroad officials believe that power was more practical than horse power.Just before the turn of the century, the electric locomotive was widely used.The most successful period is the 1940s when U.S.railroads had 2,400 miles of electric routes.The diesel locomotive was invented in the 1890s by Rudolf Diesel, a German engineer.The power of this locomotive was supplied by a diesel fuel engine.The diesel locomotive is still used today.It costs about twice as much as a locomotive to build, but it is much cheaper to operate.() 1.The _was one of the most important inventions in the 1800s.A) locomotiveB) electric locomotiveC) diesel locomotiveD) first railroad() 2._built the first locomotive in 1804.A) Rudolf DieselB) Peter CopperC) Richard TrevithickD) George Stephenson() 3.The underlined phrase fall apart probably means _.A) join togetherB) break into piecesC) be strongerD) drop down() 4.The Rockets speed was _miles per hour.A) 20 B) 2,400 C) 29 D) 50,000 () 5.The _was the most successful period for electric locomotive.A) 1700sB) 1940sC) 1890sD) 1800s() 6.Which is the best title of this passage?A) A symbol of the Industrial Age.B) The invention of the diesel locomotive.C) The development of the locomotive.D) Changes to the locomotive.【答案】1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.D Words and phrases.1.In the 1800s, the locomotive (火车头) by many to be a symbol of the new Industrial Age.be considered 被认为后面可接to be或者as, 构成be considered to be/ as的结构我父母总把我当成小孩子。_【答案】My parents always consider me as a child.2.source n.来源3.practical adj.实际的，有实用性的4. of transportation 交通方式5.However, it other engineers try to build locomotives.encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事她的教练在马拉松赛(marathon race)上全程都在鼓励她继续不断奔跑。_【答案】Her coach encouraged her to keep on running throughout the marathon race.B.Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) Mobile phones: Hang up or Keep talkingMillions of people are using mobile phones today.In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one.In many countries, mobile phones are very _1_with young people.They think having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.The wide use of mobile phones makes some doctors worried.They are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones.In England, there has been a serious debate about this problem.Mobile phone companies say that nothing can _2_that mobile phones are bad for peoples health.On the other hand, people tell a story: a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss.He couldnt remember _3_simple tasks.He would often forget the name of his own son.This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about si_ hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years.His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employers doctor didnt agree.What makes mobile phones harmful? The answer is radiation(辐射).High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones.Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to _4_.As the discussion about their _5_continues, it ears that its best to use mobile phones less often.Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time.Use your mobile phone only when you really need it.Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies.In the future, mobile phones may be better.But for now, its _6_not to use your mobile phone too often.1.A) familiar B) popular C) helpful D) friendly 2.A) pointB) printC) proveD) publish3.A) evenB) onlyC) elseD) ever4.A) worry aboutB) complain aboutC) break downD)set off5.A) dangerB) safetyC) convenienceD)conclusion6.A) awfulB) horribleC) seriousD) wise【答案】1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.D Do you often use your mobile phone？What do you think of using mobile phone too much?_I think it is a waste of time and have bad influence on our study.C.Fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business.But he was not a good artist.So he i_1_a very simple camera.He put it in a dow of his house and took a picture of his garden .That was the first photo. The ne_t important d_2_in the history of photography was in 7.That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room.He used a new kind of camera in a different way.In his picture you could see everything very clearly, e_3_the smallest thing.This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.Soon, other people began to use Daguerres way.Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all over the world.People took picture of famous buildings, cities and m_4_. In about 1840, photography was developed.Then photographers could take picture of people and moving things.That was not simple.The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines.But this did not s_5_them, for e_le, some in the United States worked so hard. Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer.He took many pictures of great people.The picture were unusual because they were very lifelike (栩栩如生的). Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century.Some photos were not just c_6_of the real world.They showed feelings, like other kinds of art.1._2._3._4._5._6._【答案】1.invented 2.date 3.even 4.mountains 5.s 6.cop根据时间先后，概括以下时间发生的事件1826 _7 _1840 _1826 Frenchman named Niepce invented a very simple camera.7 Daguerre took a picture of his reading room in a very different way in which you can see everything very clearly.This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.1840 The photographers could take picture of people and moving thingsD.Answer the questions（根据以下内容回答问题）Symi is a small island of Greece.Very little rain falls on the island.The people there tried their best to save every drop.But there had never been enough water for their needs, and they had to buy water.The water was carried there by ship.Now the island has its own “water factory”.The factory can change salt water from the sea into fresh water.Right in the center of the town are some long ponds.Each pond is covered with a low plastic tent (帐篷).At night sea water is pumped into the ponds.During the day the hot sun shines through the tents.The sunlight turns the sea water into vapour.The vapour rises from the ponds and salt is left behind.When the vapour reaches the tents, it turns into many small drops of water.Then they run together and turn into big ones.These big drops of water run down the sides of the tents, filling the big bottles with fresh water.The salt left behind in the ponds is washed out each night.Then more sea water is pumped in.The factory is ready for the ne_t days work.Symis way of turning salt water into fresh water does not cost much.The factory is easy to build and costs little.Sea water and sunlight cost nothing.To the poor people on the island, this new way seems wonderful.Now they dont have to spend much money on fresh water any longer.Many places in the world are in great need of fresh water.People are trying to find ways to turn salt water into fresh water.In some places, the sun is not hot enough, or it does not shine every day.In such places, people use other ways.For e_le, by boiling sea water, a lot of fresh water can be made quickly.But it costs much more money.In small hot places, it is better to use Symis way, for it gives the most fresh water for the least money.1.The people on the island never had enough water for their needs, did they?_, _.2.What did the people have to do when they wanted to use water before the water factory was built?_.3.What is each pond covered with?_.4.When is the salt left in the ponds washed out?_.5.Whats the biggest advantage of Symis way?_.6.Where can people use Symis way?_【答案】1.No, they didnt.2.They had to buy water.3.Each pond is covered with a low plastic tent.4.Each night.5.It does not cost much.6.In the places where are in great need of fresh water but poor./ In small hot places.第 8 页 共 8 页