《包法利夫人》中父权社会下的女性形象研究.doc

A Study of Female Images in Patriarchy in Madame BovaryAbstract: Female image is part of Patriarchy. The oppression of Patriarchy makes it impossible for women to understand themselves clearly. Few women resist the oppression of Patriarchy and find an outlet, but they cannot get rid of the strong tragic color of women in Patriarchy. Emma in Flaubert's master piece Madame Bovary is a typical representative. This thesis studies Madame Bovary, takes the Patriarchy as the background, explores the definition of Patriarchy and the characteristics of Patriarchy. Through the analysis of the typical female image of Emma in Patriarchy, it discusses the Patriarchy background, Emma's tragic image and awakening image, and analyses the individual and social formation of Emma's female image. Therefore, it further elaborates the female image of Emma in the Patriarchy in Madame Bovary, so as to highlight the value of women in society and family, enhance women's self-awareness, improve women's status and promote gender equality.Keywords: female image; Patriarchy; Madame Bovary; Emma1包法利夫人中父权社会下的女性形象研究摘要:女性形象是父权社会中的一部分，父权社会的压迫使女性无法清楚的认识自我，极少数女性在父权社会的压迫中反抗找到出口，却也摆脱不了父权社会下的女性的浓厚悲剧色彩。福楼拜代表作包法利夫人中的爱玛就是典型的代表。本课题对包法利夫人进行研究，以父权社会为背景，探究父权社会的定义和父权社会的特点，对父权社会下的爱玛这一典型的女性形象进行分析，讨论爱玛所处的父权社会背景，爱玛的悲剧形象以及觉醒形象并且分析形成爱玛这一女性形象的个人和社会成因，进一步阐述出包法利夫人中父权社会下爱玛的女性形象，从而突出女性在社会以及家庭的价值，增强女性的自我认知，提高女性的地位，促进两性平等。关键词：女性形象；父权社会；包法利夫人；爱玛IntroductionLi Jianwu (李健吾,1980,7) once said: "Balzak is great, Stendhal is profound, and Flaubert is perfect!" Flaubert, an important critical realist writer of the 19th century, Madame Bovary is one of Flaubert's masterpieces. It is not just a story telling us that a woman commits suicide by having an affair, but a thought-provoking female image behind the character and the social causes of the tragedy. "Madame Bovary" is not only a representative work of Flaubert, but also a portrayal of his values. In the 1840s, the capitalist system was established in Western Europe, and the French bourgeoisie gained its dominant position after the July Revolution. With the advancement of the industrial revolution, French capitalism has made great progress. The novel depicts the social features of the French Second Empire after the bourgeois victory in 1848. The protagonist of the novel, Emma Bovary, is the daughter of a wealthy peasant from Bertaux. She spent her childhood in the monastery according to her parents' wishes. She was educated by aristocrats, read romantic works, and dreamed of legendary love. When she was an adult, she married a mediocre and incomprehensible township doctor, Charlie Bovary. After marriage, she was unsatisfied with the existing state of affairs, and she often had an affair. Her two-degree affair has not brought her happiness, but has made her a target for usury. In order to please the lover, to maintain a luxurious life, she lost herself and squandered her husband's property and borrowed money from loan sharks. Being loved by love, the loan sharks forced the debts, and finally she had no choice but to take the poison. Different scholars have different views on what makes Emma a female image. Some scholars believe that the female image of Emma was caused by the decadent and dark bourgeois system;Some scholars believe that it is caused by Emma's own unwillingness to be mediocre and falling into illusory love that she can't extricate herself out; some scholars believe that it is a romantic novel, the depiction of love from reality has caused Emma to indulge. Most researchers focus on the bourgeois system, their own personality and the influence of romanticism on her. This undoubtedly provides us with a multi-dimensional perspective on the female image of Emma. For us, research is of great significance. But few scholars analyzed the image of Emma from the Patriarchy in which they were.From the perspective of Patriarchy, this thesis explores the female image of Emma in Madame Bovary. The first part summarizes the Patriarchy society, including the definition of Patriarchy society and the characteristics of Patriarchy society. The second part analyses the female image of Emma in Madame Bovary, including the tragic female image and the awakened female image. The third part discusses the causes of Emma's tragic female image and the awakening of female image, and finally draws a conclusion. It is hoped that through the study of the image of women in the Patriarchy society of Madame Bovary, it will provide another perspective for the study of Madame Bovary, and hope to draw lessons from the study of other works and to highlight the value of women in society and family, enhance women's self-awareness, improve women's status and promote gender equality.1. Brief Introduction of PatriarchyIn general, in Patriarchy, a mans superiority to woman is an accurate description of the status and relationship of men and women. In the Patriarchy, the gender orientation of women makes them always at the marginal position of the subordinates. They are excluded from social activities and can only be attached to men. So women are always considered stereo typically passive, weak, submissive image while men are dominant, powerful, dignified image. 1.1 Definition of PatriarchyPatriarchy is a description of who is in control of the right to speak, The narrow Patriarchy mainly refers to the dominant power of men as the core force in the family. In the materialist society, there is the social division of labor, but the status of men and women are alike, But when it came to the fathers clan, there was a struggle for rights and interests, and there was a war, and the status of men increased. In a family, men are engaged in more labor-intensive work, so the men began to establish a central role in the family, wife and children are under the ownership of men along with other private property, thus generating inequality between men and women. “In such a family relationship, as a wife, women are only tools for childbearing, no property of their own, no personal freedom, and the relationship between husband and wife is essentially a relationship between the owner and the accessory.”(Pateman Carole ,1988,27) As a daughter, they were handed over to another male by the father as an exchange object, without the power to resist. Men have the right to speak in a Patriarchy society. Emma's marriage in "Madame Bovary" is decided by her Dad.When her father found out that Charlie was interested in Emma, he began to think that Charlie would not care about the dowry, and that as a doctor Charlie was a local person with status, it would not be a loss to marry Emma to him. Emma was thus exchanged by one male to another, which gave men the power to control the fate of women, and women who were aphasia can only be controlled by men.Patriarchy is an ideological and political system in which men decide what role women should play through strong and direct oppression, or through ritual, tradition, law, language, customs, etiquette, education and division of labor. They also place women under the control of men. Emma is eager to escape from male control.When women choose to be males "dolls", men will say a solemn pledge of love to women, but once women choose to be equal to them, men will take off the false masks, which is caused by the different social identities of men and women.Patriarchy has the universality and objectivity to hide the power control behind it. The Patriarchy discourse is to tell why you want to do it, and make the original unfairness and irrationality reasonable and legal. The Patriarchy is constructed by the Patriarchy discourse. When the subject accepts the father's law and enters the symbolic order, this Patriarchy discourse will be written in our speech acts, controlling what we think, say, and do, the relationship between subjects is a discourse relationship, and different discourses mean different discourse relationships. 1.2 Characteristics of PatriarchyPatriarchy improves the status of men in the relationship between men and women by demeaning womens social status and values, and therefore men are considered to be the center of the world, and to dominate society, to their own interests, demands ethics, ethics, law, etc., which form a systematic culture system to limit and control women. Women have no status at all and are greatly restricted in many aspects.From the moment a woman was born, she was decided that she had no ego in her life.When she is unmarried, her father announces his authority with his absolute authority.In the process of girls growing up through tradition, law, morality, customs, education, etc., the concept of women has become the product of women's socialization, and the concept of women belonging to men is branded in their bones. When a girl reaches marriageable age, she is transferred as a bargaining chip from her father to another man, who becomes her new owner, and from then on she has to obey the man called her husband. Women in the Patriarchy are on the edge of the society. They have nothing, have no independent personality and are at the mercy of others. They are just accessories of men. In a Patriarchy, the male who dominates the productive labor is the creator and maintainer of family wealth. They are forced to become economically vulnerable groups and reproductive tools. Any woman who wants to break through the shackles of the Patriarchy and pursue her own life will be Suppressed by Patriarchy. The limitation of development space and living conditions directly lead to the subordinate status of women, making them the tools to please men. Emma's life has been dominated by her father since childhood. What kind of education she receives and who she marries all obeys her father's arrangements. She can't have her own ideas. After marriage, she can only follow her husband and have children for her husband. She has been dominated by Patriarchy.PatriarchyThe patriarchy deprives women's right to participate in social labor through a clear division of labor.in public places, women can only play the role of the weak image, no source of income makes them unable to be financially independent. Women can only be daughters, wives and mothers, and although there are working women in Madame Bovary, they are nurses, servants or washerwomen. Women played subordinate roles, confined to their homes or gardens. Women are merely accessories and ornaments of men's social status and achievements. “They are just the objects of men, but they are only tools for succession and are considered to be second sex."(Simone de Beauvior,1953,33) Based on the needs of men, Patriarchy shapes women into docile daughters, loyal wives and loving mothers. Women are not independent people but men's private property under the control of men's power. Women in a subordinate position cannot get rid of the bondage of male power and can only live in a state of bondage and oppression. They have no independent personality and cannot control their own destiny. Women were typical female parent in the Patriarchy. They have no chance to do what they want to do.2. Emma's Female ImageMadame Bovary successfully created a typical female image in the Patriarchy of France, who was subjected to male's rights, desiring to resist traditional morality in their heart but "willing" to marginalize the image. Emma pursues freedom and ideal in her own way and shows different female images on her way to pursue freedom. It not only represents the discovery and awakening of women's self-worth, but also cannot escape the tragic image of women under patriarchy.2.1 Tragic ImageEmma represents the tragic image of women. First, tragic image under love and desire. When Emma was young, her father sent her to a monastery for aristocratic education. Before she got married, Emma was gentle and never talked back to her father; when she came back from the monastery, although she was not happy in the countryside, she would take care of her father's whole estate; she pursued the trend of the city people. She yearns for love infinitely, but at the same time she keeps her traditional reserve. Emma is keen on Romantic fiction. “She was the woman in love of all the novels.”(Robert Williams,2004,183) As a farm girl, she has a romantic interest beyond her own class. Emma has read Paul and Virginia, which describes her early romantic enlightenment. Emma is naive and pure, and she is deeply immersed in the illusion of Romantic fiction. A woman with such romantic feelings married a mediocre doctor. These have become the fuse of her unwillingness to be commonplace and her pursuit of romantic love after marriage. On an occasional, Dr. Bovary and Emma were invited to the Marquis of Ondalville's banquet at Wobisar Castle in Rongville. Emma's vain soul broke through the bondage of traditional morality and fell into a illusory love . In Rongville, Emma met Leon, a romantic and poetic intern with similar interests, but Leon was still a shy young man, although he loved Emma, but the bondage of morality and the innocence of nature make him dare not go half a step. Eventually, he chose to go to Paris to study. At her lowest emotional level, the third man in her life appeared. Rich and frivolous Rodolphee is quite different from her mediocre and incompetent husband and shy and cowardly Leon. He is arrogant, conceited. Emma was deeply caught in his sugar-coated shells, but Rodolphee only played a trick on Emma. The abandoned Emma met Leon after being severely damaged. Eventually, she lost herself in the illusory love with Leon and went to destruction and ended her tragic life. Tragic image as "women". Emma is different from the ideal woman in the traditional male concept. She is a rebel who is unwilling to stick to the fixed role of society. She is unwilling to be bound in the mediocre and boring family. She always dares to express her passionate feelings and actively pursue the romantic love she longs for. Li Jianwu (Li Jianwu,1980,101)thought, "She is a woman who is almost male. She has a strong personality, and then she will never give up again. Her failure is the same as that of all the strong person, with her strong personality." Emma's bold behavior, her demeanor and her enthusiasm for her own dreams were undoubtedly different and unique in the social situation of the time, which made her stand in stark contrast with many other women. She spends more time buying consumer goods, dressing up, dating and enjoying herself, rather than teaching her husband and doing housework. She is unwilling to give up her feminine temperament in exchange for a false name which seems beautiful but actually a heavy shackle bestowed by male. Emma's thought could not transcend the specific social situation at that time and achieve real emancipation. Her soul is still marked b