外文翻译译文 (1).doc

Yiwu market to create dynamic inquiry According to the Yiwu Statistics Department released: 2010, Yiwu city's GDP reached 61400000000 yuan, per capita GDP was 83539 yuan ( by household registered population count ), in 2010 the average exchange rate of $12341. According to the world bank classification of opulence, Yiwu has a rich city middle ranks. Yiwu from the poor and backward agricultural county to the strength of the strong economic city, Yiwu small commodity market, not. Since the reform and opening up, Yiwu business users insist on proceeding from reality, make full use of the market first mover advantage, pioneering and innovation as the driving force, small commodity circulation as the carrier, to promote the marketization, industrialization, city of birth, evolution happened to turn the world upside down for the internationalization, the change of urban and rural areas, to create " out of thin air, with students odd, nothing is too strange. " the wonders of Yiwu, to the people of China and the world on display at the Yiwu market with enormous creative energy. To explore our market of Yiwu creative vitality, can provide useful reference for other local economic and social development. The organic composition of 1, the Yiwu market of creativity. Yiwu market creativity is composed of three levels of economic vitality, vigor, vitality of the cultural system. Economic activity reflected in the upgrade of the commercial patterns on the. Yiwu small commodity market, the market started from 1982, five times after the relocation, the ten expansion, at the beginning of the development of the market to the national commodity trading market, and then evolved into the largest small commodity market, the market scale is constantly expanding, continuously enrich the types of goods, commodity grades continue to improve, continuously expand the scope of trade, increasing amount of the transaction. In 2010, the Yiwu market a total turnover of 62116000000Yuan, a year-on-year increase of 11.7%, of which China Commodity City turnover of 45606000000 yuan, an increase of 10.8%. This is the China Commodity City turnover exceeded 45000000000 yuan mark for the first time, but also set the record of the best achievement in recent 10 years, the market turnover growth. The system is mainly reflected in the vitality of opening governmental institution supply. The government of Yiwu city under the leadership of the Party committee always focus on " let the economy make up, let the people get rich, this common goal to let the masses benefit " to provide the institutional framework. Adhere to the " Hing to build the city ( county ) " unwavering goal under the premise of strategy, has been proposed and implemented the " business promotes industry ", "business strong agricultural ", " Xingcheng ", the construction of " International Trade City " and a series of development strategy, put forward a bold and push for a a series of measures market norms, open market, cultivating the main body of market, the construction market, supply, system innovation to promote the prosperity and development of the Yiwu market. （1）Cultural vitality embodied in the Yiwu business mentality gradually from the passive, conservative to rich initiative, creative, competitive. Yiwu business households from the original street door shake " rattle " make a living to today's business all over the world to seek development, they are to the people all over the world show their hardy dare, do business all rivers run into sea, low-profit profit good management, advancing with the times and innovation and admirable qualities and charm, but also embodies the " Ploughing studious, honest courage to " the spirit of Yiwu, the integrity of containment. Three levels of creativity in the Yiwu market, economic activity is the foundation and pillar, system activity is the center link, cultural vitality is the soul. Yiwu market in the 30 years of the development process, the three levels of activity in the function of coordination, the benign interaction, the Yiwu market radiate the whole enduring vitality exuberant. Source and guarantee of 2, the Yiwu market of creativity. Yiwu market economy, institutional and cultural vitality not come out of the blue, it not only depends on the market main body, a merchant to provide the source of vitality, but also depends on the Yiwu City Hall 's wise decision to provide good protection for the main market vitality. ( 2) dare be a person first, Yong grasping opportunities in the Yiwu market business is the Yiwu market creativity inexhaustible source emerged in the tide of reform and opening up of the Yiwu market business households of farmers, although they have no diploma, no qualifications, but long Pro business business business culture into their bone marrow, into their blood, so they have many unique characteristics, which is the magic weapon for winning the war they repeatedly, is also the Yiwu market creativity inexhaustible source. ( 3) the people of Yiwu first machine. The original business activities in Yiwu market business creativity comes from the people of Yiwu under the pressure of survival and the. Because of poor land, farmland of average per capita is less than half an acre, Yiwu in the province is a remote villages, so early in the history of forming shoulder the traveling salesman, hand rattle, obtain meager profits in the " brown sugar " traditional business. In 1978, Yiwu has nearly 50000 " brown sugar " and " industrial army ". These are a cultural long-term influence of the merchant of Yiwu, very good at capturing the business opportunities, create. When the spring breeze of reform and opening up has not blow to many parts of the country, the people of Yiwu put the " brown sugar " traveling salesman transaction for the evolution of sundry goods sale, built the first horse road market, obtained in the field of small commodity wholesale " first mover advantage " when they toss small commodities throughout the country., they be all eyes and all ears, once found profitable projects, try various devices to immediately. Back home to engage in self-employed; when their shops and businesses thriving, after the accumulation of funds is more, they look at the international market, looking for business opportunities in the international market, and even the market, shops, the company made it abroad, " Yiwu foreign trade continued to expand ". Yiwu business door is relying on such a keen insight into the market, so that they firmly capture transient opportunities, always walk in front of others. (4 ) based on the benefit of small and large profits.Yiwu economy with " small " started. So far, many Yiwu business households still think the business does not divide the severity of size, as long as the money to do. They believe that the business is small cost investment, after every little bit accumulate, commodity " small " does not mean that the market " small ", so Yiwu business always " commodity commodity do ", " money money money ". Such as straw king Lou Zhongping a plastic straw earn 8 cents ( 0.08 points) money, a pencil pencil Wang Zongyuan earn five per cent ( 0.5 points) money, finally do multimillionaire is a typical example, Yiwu also proved the business adhere to the "small chance of big business, small commodity market, the development principle of small capital agglomeration " is absolutely correct. ( 5) let cooperation for a win-win.Yiwu business in the business are good at empathy. They think the priority among priorities wholesale business is to establish long-term cooperative relationship with customers. Only let to purchase retailers feel commodity wholesale and retail price difference is large enough, there is considerable profits, will continue to purchase, to earn money so he can everfount. In Yiwu, the price of many commodities are astonishingly low. This is a low cost factors, but also the business in order to guarantee the purchase customers can obtain more reasonable results of the wholesale and retail price difference. Yiwu business households would rather earn my own money, to allow customers to earn a lot of money, this kind of " stupid " behavior in fact contains delicate management philosophy, it makes Yiwu business users to easily reach a consensus with the customer, the formation of a cooperative win-win situation, thus the country or even the world 's retailers are attracted to Yiwu to purchase, eventually Yiwu business a big moneymaker. (6 ) constant innovation and development. Innovation has been the driving force of social development, and in the business field, it is the key for the mall merchants. Yiwu business users adhere to the business philosophy is " product updates faster, there must be a modern day interesting commodity, promotion gifts, the birth of fashion products, only in this way can lead the trend, grasp the opportunity, seize the initiative ". According to statistics, Yiwu small commodity market, the existing forty-one industry commodity can be subdivided into a Qianjiubaiyu categories, according to the use of commodity, and referring to the brand, appearance design, production process of materials and specifications of the different aspects of further fine points, can be divided into four types, daily average of more than 500 " new, special" small commodity market. Complete all kinds of goods, variety, style update firmly attracted to purchase the retailer's eye, so the market every day business flourishes. The people provides the guarantee for the positive, Yiwu city hall to create vitality for Yiwu market enduring. Under the condition of market economy, the merchant as the market main body is the supreme. No businessman like acting no actor, charge no warrior, at this point, Yiwu city hall has a clear understanding. Governments at all levels in Yiwu have always stressed that the market subject cultivation and sound market system grasping hands. Pay attention to cultivate the market main body in the venture, perfect market system in the process of innovation; on the diversification of market main body to support the market prosperity, a good platform to depend on the perfect market system as the market main body to provide business innovation. One of the most successful experience of Yiwu lies in the Yiwu city hall has always adhere to the people-oriented, " cultivating the market main body, improve the market main body, let the market main body, to the main players in the market, rely on the enthusiasm of thousands on thousands of market main body " so as to enable them to create social wealth has been fully mobilize. In short, the Yiwu market is have dare be a person first, Yong grasping opportunities Yiwu business, and on the people-oriented, positive for the Yiwu city hall under escort, to make creative vitality of the inexhaustible.义乌市场创造活力探究据义乌统计部 门公布： 2010 年 ， 义乌全市实现地区生产总值 614 亿元， 人均生产总值为83 539元 (按户籍人 口计算)， 以2010 年平均汇率折算为 12 341美元。按照世界银行划分富裕程度的标准看， 义乌已迈人中等富裕城市行列。义乌从贫穷落后的农业小县起为实力雄厚的经济强市， 义乌小商品市场功不可没。改革开放以来，义乌的经商户坚持从实际出发，充分利用市场先发优势， 以创业创新为动力， 以小商品流通为载体，推进市场化， 带动工业化， 催生城市化， 演进为国际化， 城乡面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化，创造出“ 无中生有、 有中生奇、 无奇不有” 的义乌奇观， 向全中国和全世界人民展示了义乌市场巨大的创造活力。我们对义乌市场的创造活力进行探究， 可为其它地方经济社会的发展提供有益借鉴。 1、义乌市场创造活力的有机构成 义乌市场创造活力由经济活力、 制度活力、 文化活力三个层面构成。经济活力突出体现在商业形态的不断升级上。义乌小商品市场从 1982 年的马路市场起步 ， 历经五次搬迁， 十次扩建， 从最初的地方性市场发展到全国性商品交易市场， 进而演变为全球最大的小商品市场， 市场规模不断扩大， 商品种类不断丰富， 商品档次不断提升， 贸易范围不断拓展， 交易金额不断增加。2 0 10年， 义乌集贸市场总成交额达 621 16 亿 元， 同比增长 11 7， 其中中国小商品城成交额456 06亿元， 同比增长 1 0 8。这是中国小商品城成交额首次突破450 亿元关口， 同时也创下了最近10 年市场成交额增长的最好成绩。 制度活力主要体现在政府的制度供给逐步走向开放。义乌市历届政府在党委的领导下始终围绕“ 让经济搞上去 ， 让百姓富起来 ， 让群众得实惠” 的这个共同 目标提供制度框架。在坚持“ 兴商建市(县)” 战略 目标不动摇的前提下， 先后提出并实施了 “ 以商促工” 、 “ 以商强农” 、 “ 以商兴城” 、 建设“ 国际性商贸城市” 等一系列发展策略， 大胆提出并推行了开放市场、 培育市场主体、 建设市场、 规范市场的一系列举措， 不断创新的制度供给推动了义乌市场的繁荣发展。 文化活力集中体现在义乌人经商心态逐步从被动、 保守走向富有能动性、 创造性、 竞争性上。义乌经商户从当初穿街走户摇“ 拨浪鼓” 谋生计到今天生意做遍全球求发展， 他们在向全世界人民展示其吃 苦耐劳敢闯荡， 海纳百川做生意， 微利让利善经营，与时俱进善创新的令人敬佩的素质和魅力的同时，也凝聚了“ 勤耕好学、 刚正勇为、 诚信包容” 的义乌精神。义乌市场创造活力的三个层面中， 经济活力是基础与支柱， 制度活力是中心环节， 文化活力是灵魂。在义乌市场 30 年的发展进程中， 这三个层面的活力在功能上相互协调、 良性互动 ， 使义乌市场焕发出了持久旺盛的整体活力。 2、 义乌市场创造活力的源泉与保障 义乌市场的经济、 制度和文化活力不是凭空而来的， 它既有赖于广大的市场主体一经商户为其提供活力源泉， 更有赖于义乌市政府的英明决策为市场主体活力进发提供良 好的保障。 （1）敢为人先、 勇抓 商机的义乌市场经商户是义乌市场创造活力的不竭之源在改革开放大潮中涌现出来的义乌市场经商户 基本都是农民， 他们虽然没有文凭、 没有学历， 但悠久的亲商经商的商业文化深入他们的骨髓， 融入他们的血液， 使他们拥有了 许多独特的秉性， 而这正是他们在商战中屡屡制胜的法宝， 也是义乌市场创造活力的不竭之源。 （2） 义乌人先抢先机。义乌市场经商户的创造活力来自于义乌人迫于生存压力而进行的原始创业活动。因为土地贫瘠，人均耕地不到半亩， 义乌在省内是出了名的穷乡僻壤， 所以早在历史上就形成了肩挑货郎担、 手摇拨浪鼓， 以“ 鸡毛换糖” 获取微薄利润的商业传统。到了1978 年， 义乌已经有将近5 万“ 鸡毛换糖” 的“ 产业大军” 。这些被拨浪鼓文化长期熏陶的义乌商人， 非常善于捕捉、 创造商机。当改革开放的春风还未吹拂到国内许多地方的时候， 义乌人就把“ 鸡毛换糖” 的货郎担交易演变为小百货买卖， 建起了第一代马 路市场， 获得了在小商品批发领域的“ 先发优势” ； 当他们辗转全国各地做小商品生意时， 他们眼观六路，耳听八方， 一旦发现有钱可赚的项 目， 马上想方设法 带回家乡搞个体经营； 当他们的商铺和企业日渐兴旺， 资金积累比较多以后， 他们又把眼光瞄准国际市场， 在国际市场寻找商机， 甚至把市场、 商店、 公司办到了国外， “ 义乌对外贸易不断扩大” 。义乌经商户 就是凭着这种敏锐的市场洞察力， 使他们紧紧捕捉住了稍纵即逝的商机， 始终走在了别人的前面。 （3）立足小利谋大利 义乌经济以“ 小” 起家。迄今， 很多义乌经商户还是认为生意不分轻重大小， 只要有钱赚就要做。他们坚信生意是从小本钱投入， 经过一点一滴累积起来的， 商品“ 小” 并不意味着市场“ 小” ， 所以义乌经商户总是“ 大商品小商品都做” 、 “ 大钱小钱都赚” 。 如吸管大王楼仲平一根塑料吸管赚 8 毫 (0 08 分 ) 钱、 铅笔大王宗元一支铅笔赚五厘(0 5 分)钱， 最后都做到了千万富翁就是典型的例子， 也证明了义乌经商户坚持“ 小机会大商机， 小商品大市场， 小资本大集聚” 的发展道理是完全正确的。 （4）让利合作求双赢 义乌经商户在经营中善于换位思考。他们认为批发经营的重中之重是与客户建立起长久的合作关系。只有让来进货的零售商感到商品批零差价足够大， 有可观的利润， 才会不断来进货， 这样自己才能赚到源源不断的钱。所 以， 义乌许多商品的价格低得惊人。这一方面固然有低成本的因素， 但另一方面也是经商户为了保证进货客户能获得更合理的批零差价的结果。义乌经商户宁愿自己赚小钱， 让客户赚大钱， 这种看似“ 傻” 的行为其实包含着精妙的经营哲学， 它使义乌经商户很容易与客户达成共识， 形成合作双赢的局面， 从而把全国甚至是全世界的零售商都吸引到义乌来进货， 最终为义乌经商户带来滚滚财源。 （5） 不断创新求发展 创新能力一直以来都是社会发展的原动力， 而在经商领域 ， 更是商人们逐鹿商场的关键。义乌经商户坚持不变的经营理念是“ 产品更新要快， 每天必须有摩登奇趣商品， 新奇特礼品， 时尚精品的诞生， 只有这样才能引领潮流， 把握先机 ， 掌握主动” 。据有关资料显示， 义乌小商品市场现有四十一个行业的小商品可细分为一千九百余大类， 按照商品用途， 并参照商标品牌、 外观形状设计、 生产工艺材料以及规格型号等方面的不同进一步细分， 可分为四十余万个品种， 每日平均有五百余个“ 新、 特” 小商品投放市场。 门类齐全、 品种繁多、 款式不断更新的各类商品牢牢吸引住了前来采购的零售商的眼球， 从而使市场每天生意兴隆。 (6) 以民为本、 积极有为的义乌市政府为义乌市场创造活力的长久不衰提供了保障。在市场经济条件下， 商人作为市场主体是至高无上的。没有商人就好像演戏没有演员， 冲锋没有战士， 在这一点上， 义乌市政府始终有着清醒的认识。义乌各级政府始终强调市场主体培育和市场体系健全两手一起抓。注重在创业中培育市场主体， 在创新中健全市场体系； 靠多元化的市场主体支撑起市场繁荣， 靠健全的市场体系为市场主体提供创业创新的良好平台。 义乌经验最成功的一条就在于义乌市政府始终坚持以民为本， “ 培育了市场主体， 提高了市场主体，放开了市场主体， 善待了市场主体， 依靠了千千万万的市场主体” 从而使他们创造社会财富的积极性得到了充分调动。 总之， 义乌市场正是拥有了敢为人先、 勇抓商机的义乌经商户， 并在以民为本、 积极有为的义乌市政府的保驾护航下， 才使创造活力源源不竭。