高中英语高考复习形容词和副词语法总结.docx

高中英语形容词和副词语法总结形容词和副词是语法填空的必考点，主要以用括号中所给词的正确形式填空的形式考查考生。1.形容词可作定语、表语、补语。因此，在做语法填空时，若句子缺定语、表语或补语，要首先想到用形容词。2.副词在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语或整个句子。因此当设空处作状语时，首先考虑要填副词。3.做语篇型语法填空时，考生还需根据上下文及形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型来判断。短文改错中，本该用形容词时却用了副词或其他词性，或本该用副词却用了形容词，要根据形容词和副词的基本用法判断。此外平时复习时还要注意一些常见的形容词、副词辨析。考向一 形容词、副词的基本用法1.形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired.经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到家，又饿又累。2.有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末。如：though, (ever)since, in case等。He is old.He works hard, though.Though he is old, he works hard.虽然他年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。3.有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously, naturally, surprisingly等。Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her.高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。4.can not/never与enough 或too连用表示：无论怎样都不过分；越越好。I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.我正在大街上独自一人骑自行车，突然一辆小汽车强行超车把我撞倒了。You can never be too careful in the street.在大街上你越小心越好。考向二 形容词、副词的比较等级一、平级比较1.as形容词(a/an)名词as表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。2.as形容词/副词的原级as与not as/so形容词/副词的原级as表示同级比较，即两个或两 部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.这项工作不是像你想像得那么难。【特别提醒】as+形容词+as+数量词=数量词+形容词。如：The building is as tall as 100 meters.= The building is 100 meters tall.这栋楼有100米。二、比较级1.比较级的修饰语有: rather, much，still, any(否定句、疑问句中), even, far, a lot，a bit, a little, a great deal等。He is much taller than Yao Ming.他比姚明高多了。The book is better by far than that one.这本书比那本书要好得多。2.比较级的常见结构：（1）比较级+than结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。You look much younger than I do.你看上去比我年轻多了。She doesnt work harder than you.她工作不如你努力。（2）由more, fewer, less+名词构成的比较级 more 比多，后接复数名词或不可数名词 I have more news books than my cousin.He has more milk than I. less 比少，后接不可数名词 He has less water than me. fewer比少，后接复数名词 They have fewer flowers than we .3.比较级的特殊结构 （1）The more, the more表示越，就越(more代表比较级)The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。 The happier you are, the more friends you will make.你越快乐，你将会交越多的朋友。2.比较级+比较级和more and more+多音节词原级表示越来越Our school is cleaner and cleaner.我们的校园越来越干净。 Our city becomes more and more beautiful. 我们的城市变得越来越漂亮。 3.the比较级of the two 名词表示两者中较的那个。The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。4.no +比较级+than结构表示和一样不not +比较级+than结构意为不及，表示前者不如后者You are no taller than I.你和我一样矮。My handwriting is not better than yours.我的书法没有你的好。三、最高级1.最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like。The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。Id like to buy the second most expensive camera.我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。2.最高级意义的表达法the +最高级+比较范围This apple is the biggest of the five.nevera(n)+比较级+可数名词单数I have never read a better book than this.比较级thanany other单数名词比较级thanall the other复数名词比较级thananyone else比较级thanany of the other复数名词比较级thanthe rest of复数名词或不可数名词eg: 朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(一句多译)Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class.Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class.Julia is the tallest girl in her class.否定词比较级最高级。There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?你对他在会议上说的满意吗？No.It couldnt have been worse.不，不能再差了。【巧学妙记】形容词和副词比较等级用法口诀1.比较级与最高级:两者比较than相连，三者比较the在前。2.同级比较:同级比较用原形，as. as永不离;as. as加not,只言两者是同一，若是not s0.as，后强前弱不看齐。妙语诠释较级通常和than连用，而最高级前通常有定冠词| the;同级比较一般用as. as表示" .一样”这时谁强谁弱不能比较出来，而notso. as则表示后者比前者强，翻译为"不如”。考向三 倍数表达法表示倍数的句型：(1)A is倍数比较级thanB(2)A is倍数as原级asB(3)A is倍数the名词(size，length，height 等)ofB(4)A is倍数thatofB(5)A is倍数what 引导的名词性从句This building is three times higher than that one.This building is three times as high as that one.This building is three times the height of that one.这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.今年的产量是2008年的三倍。After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before.自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。考向四 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词数词描绘词(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) 出处材料性质类别名词 a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car【巧学妙记】多个形容词修饰一个名词的先后位置的口诀:限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老;颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。其中，" 限定词"包括:冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位，即:前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数;中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等;后位限定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前。如:bothmyhands、allhalfhisincome等。"描绘"性形容词如: beautiful、 bad、 cold、 great 等。“大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等-些词。 表示"形状"的词如:roundsquare等。"国籍"指一个国家或地区的词。”材料"的词如: wooden, woolen, stone,silk等。” 作用类别”的词如:medical, college, writing desk, police car等。考向五 形容词、副词辨析形容词副词的区别及用法1.late和laterHe is late.He is half an hour late.他迟到了，迟到了半小时。Three minutes later, he arrived. 三分钟后，他来了。2.pleased, pleasing与pleasant（1）pleased的含义是感到满意，高兴，后常跟介词at, with。例如：Im pleased to see you here.在这儿见到你很高兴。Shes pleased with our programme.她对我们的节目很满意。（2）pleasing表示令人欣喜的，相当于giving pleasure。例如：My sisters progress in dancing is pleasing.我姐姐在舞蹈方面的进步令人高兴。The baby has a pleasing voice.这个婴儿的声音很悦耳。（3）pleasant表示快乐的，愉快的。例如：The girl has a pleasant childhood.这个女孩有一个快乐的童年。To have a pleasant holiday is my favorite.过一个愉快的假期是我最喜欢的。3.living, alive与live（1）living作定语时，既可置于所修饰的名词之前，也可置于所修饰的名词之后，译为"活着的,当代的"。在句中充当定语及表语。例如：Not all living things live on sunlight.并非所有的生物都依赖阳光生存。My grandparents are still living.我的祖父母仍然健在。（2）alive译为活着的，可以在句中作表语及定语。作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词之后。例如：He may be the busiest person alive.他可能是世上最忙的人了。Is that sheep dead or alive?那头羊是死了还是活着？（3）alive还有活泼的，活动的，有生机的之意。例如：You seem very much alive today.你今天看起来很活跃。（4）live表示活着的，做现场直播讲时可以用作形容词、副词，在句子中可以作定语，表语。The programme is live./The programme is broadcast live.这个节目是现场直播的。4.worth，worthy与worthwhile（1）worth意为值得的，后接v-ing形式，构成be worth doing结构，也可接表示价格的名词及钱数；（2）worthy意为值得的，后接of+名词（或being+过去分词），构成be worthy of+名词（或being done）结构或be worthy to be done结构。（3）be worthwhile to do sth./doing sth.例如：This coat is worth one hundred yuan.这件上衣价值一百元。This problem is worthy of being discussed.这个问题值得讨论。5.too、also、eithertoo和also用于肯定句、疑问句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。Too常用在句末，also常用在句中。Are they coming too?他们也来吗?She is young and beautiful, and also rich.她年轻漂亮，而且有钱。He hasnt finished it, either.他也还没有做完。6.likely与possible, probablelikely 的主语可以是it也可以是名词或其它代词，而possible和probable只能用it作主语。考向六 几组难点句型详解句型1：A is 倍数the size/length/weight/heightof B.如：The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.新扩建的广场是前一个的四倍大。句型2：A is to B what C is to D.意为A对于B就如C对于D。如：Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals.发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。句型3：cant be tooadj. cant beadj.enough无论都不为过，越越 如：You can never be careful enough. You can never be too careful.你无论怎么小心都不为过。句型4：tooto句型的两个意义(1) 表示否定意义，意为太而不能。如：This question is too hard for me to understand.这个问题对我来说太难理解了。(2) 表示肯定意义，意为非常，很，极。当too后面接easy，ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful, delighted等形容词时，too表示很，非常之意，与very表达很的意思相同。当too前有all, but, only等词时，形成only /but/all tooto do结构，仍旧表达非常，很，极之意。如：Im too glad to hear that.我对此感到非常高兴。5