Unit 6 知识点归纳牛津译林版八年级英语上册.docx

8A Unit 6 Birdwatching 知识点归纳一、词汇归纳delicious / tasteful (同义词) - yummy 美味的 nature (大自然，自然界)- natural 天/自然的lead (领导，带领v.)- leader (领袖，负责人n.) fisherman (渔民，钓鱼的人)- fishermen important - importance 重要性 clear - clearly 清晰地 introduce - introduction 介绍address 地址 - addresses record  r'kd vt. 记录 - record rek:d n. 记录，档案，唱片cover 庇护所(u)，封面，覆盖物 n. / 覆盖，掩蔽vt. while 然而，当.时候conj. / 一会儿，一段时间 n. stay - 停留，逗留 n. / 停留，呆 v. / 继续保持某种状态v. space - 空间 (不可数n.)sure -unsure certain - uncertain active -inactive social - society 附Study skills 部分的词性转换：speakspeaker 演讲者 winwinner 获胜者 paintpainter 画家 write - writer sing- singerdrive - driver play - player report - reporter work - worker dance - dancer actactor 演员 visitvisitor 游客 inventinventor 发明家 direct - director 导演sciencescientist 科学家 pianopianist钢琴家 tourtourist游客，旅行/观光者artartist 艺术家 二、词组归纳Welcome to the unit (P68-69) 1.有白色羽毛的天鹅 swans with white feathers2.去市场观鸟 go to the market to watch the birds (to do 表目的) = go birdwatching in the market3.去观鸟 go birdwatching / go to watch the birds 4. 市场的鸟 the birds at the market 5. 细长的脖子 a long thin neck 6. 宽大的翅膀 broad wings 7. 长腿 long legs8. 美味的 yummy = delicious = tasteful 9. 多少种鹤 how many types of cranes 10. 棕灰色的羽毛brown and grey feathers 11. 喜欢观鸟 like birdwatching 12. 珍稀鸟类 rare birds 重点句：1. 鹤有长腿和又长又瘦的脖子。 Cranes have long legs and a long thin neck.2. 鹰有宽大的翅膀棕色的羽毛 Eagles have broad wings and brown feathers. 3. 鹤长什么样？What do cranes look like? = What are cranes like? = How do cranes look ?Theyre tall . 4. 世界上有多少种鹤？ How many types of cranes are there in the world? There are only 15 types of .5.我经常去市场观鸟。I often go to the market to watch the birds . Reading (P.70-72)1. 在的东/南/北(内部)in the east/south/ north of . = in the eastern / southern / northern part of .40 per cent of +名复/不可数名词 在北方(不邻/壤) to the north of . 在.南方(相邻/接壤) on the south of .2.世界上最重要湿地之一 one of the worlds most important wetlands 3.面临一些问题 face some problems 4.为许多野生动物提供食物和栖息地 provide food and cover for a lot of wildlife (wildlife 野生生物，不可数) (cover庇护所,栖息地 不可数) 5. 为/给某人提供某物 provide sth for sb = provide sb with sth 近义词组 offer sb sth / offer sth to sb 开阔的空地 open space ( u ) 不断捕鱼 keep fishing6.稀有鸟类的完美家园 a perfect place/home for rare birds 5.中国东北in North-east China = in the north-east of China7.全年，一年到头 all year round = the whole year 整日整夜 all day and all night 8.而一些在去那儿做短暂的逗留 While some go there for a short stay = While some stay there for a short time/while 9.有剩下 there be sth left = have sth left 10. 40% 的鹤 40 per cent of cranes 他们中40% 40 per cent of them10. 减少湿地面积make the wetlands smaller 11. 以便/为了拥有更多的空间来建造 in order to have more space for. 为/给A腾出空间 make space for A 一个自然保护区 a nature reserve 12. 导致 . lead to +n./donig 13.阻止某人做某事 keep sb from doing sth = stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth14. 导致野生生物的空间越来越小 cause / lead to less and less space for wildlife（lead-led）( lead to 导致/引起/通向)15. dont have enough food to eat没有足够的食物吃 16. 许多 a lot of / a large number of 17.去研究扎龙的鸟 go to study birds in Zhalong 18. the members of our Birdwatching Society 观鸟协会的成员 19.记录下它们的种类和数量上的变化 record their types and changes in their numbers20.记录下你说的话 record what you said 21. 在白天很活跃 be active in the daytime 22. 需要更多的人统计和描述鸟儿 need more people to count and describe the birds 数鸟count birds/do a bird count 23理解湿地的重要understand the importance of the wetlands 24. 邀请他们帮助我们 invite them to help us25.保护野生生物的重要性 the importance of protecting wildlife 26. 在世界的其他部分 in other parts of the world 27.已经制定法律阻止在扎龙的所有这些事情have made laws to prevent all these things in Zhalong ( perfect 极好的，常表达绝对的意思，所以它的前面不能加比较副词，不能说more / very perfect ，但可以the best 。)重点句： 没有很多鹤剩下。There are not many cranes left.1.扎龙自然保护区在中国东北的黑龙江省。 Zhalong Nature Reserve is in Heilongjiang Province in North-east China.2.大多数鸟儿在白天活跃，因此你能轻易地在那儿观察到它们。Most birds are active in the daytime, so you can easily watch them there. 3.世界上没剩下多少鹤了。There are not many cranes left in the world.4. 为了腾出更多的空间给农田和楼房，一些人想让湿地变得更小。 Some people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings 为了 to do = in order to do = so as to do. = for doing so that+句子= in order that +句子5.这将导致野生生物的空间越来越少 This will lead to less and less space for wildlife.6.此外，渔民一直在那捕鱼。Moreover, fishermen keep fishing there.7 .中国政府已制定法律来阻止所有这些事情 The Chinese government has made laws to prevent all these things.8.许多游客去扎龙观鸟。A lot of tourists go to Zhalong to watch birds 游客 traveller = visitor = tourist 9.研究扎龙帮助我们了解保护野生生物 Studying Zhalong helps us learn about protecting wildlife.10. 它是适合一些珍稀鸟类生活的完美地方。It is a perfect place for some rare birds. Grammar (P.73-74) 一 动词不定式（短语）做目的状语的词组： 为了不 /以免做某事 in order not to do sth.1.随身携带笔记本来写下你所看到的 take a notebook with you in order to / to write down what you see (表目的)2. 飞到某地过冬 fly to sp. to spend the winter 3. 带相机去拍 . 的照片 take a camera to take photos of . 4.制定法律来预防所有这些事情 make laws to prevent all these things （以上4个to do表目的） 二动词不定式做宾语补足语 1.带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语的词组： invite sb to do sth need sb to do sth teach sb to do sth advise sb ( not ) to do sth order sb ( not ) to do sth tell sb ( not ) to do sth ask sb ( not ) to do sth2.动词原形做宾语补足语的词组： let / make sb do sth - 让某人做某事 3.既能接动词原形又能接Ving 做宾语补足语的词组： see / watch / hear sb do sth 看见/观看/听见某人做.了see / watch / hear sb doing sth - 看见/观看/听见某人正在做某事4.既能接动词原形又能接带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语的词组： help sb ( to ) do sth - 帮助某人做某事要/请求人们不要因/以任何理由去捉鸟 ask people not to catch birds for any reason要求我们穿一双舒适的鞋 ask us to wear a pair of comfortable shoes 同意让我加入 agree to let me join必须.走一段很长的路 have to walk a long way 参加活动take part in activities看见熊猫宝宝喝它妈妈的奶 see a baby panda drink her mothers milk - (看见某人做了或常做某事)看见某人做某事了- see sb. do sth. 看见某人正在做某事 see sb. doing sth. hear someone sing 听见某人唱歌 - ( hear用法 与see / watch /notice相同 ) 鼓励某人（不要）做某事 encourage us （not）to do sth. 建议我们不要在湿地大叫 advise us not to shout in the wetlands 重点句：1许多游客去扎龙观鸟。A lot of tourists go to Zhalong to watch the birds . ( 表目的 )1观鸟协会去研究湿地的鸟类。 The Birdwatching Society goes to study the birds in the wetlands . ( 表目的 )1应该先读关于鸟类书以便更多了解它们。They should read about the birds first in order to learn more about them . (表目的 )2寒冷的天气使得一些鸟类冬天飞往南方过冬。 The cold weather makes some birds fly south for the winter . 3我们需要更多的人统计和描述鸟类。 We need more people to count and describe the birds .3他正在鼓励我们早晨读英语。 He is encouraging us to read English in the morning .4我们要求人们不要以任何理由抓鸟。 We ask people not to catch birds for any reason .5爱丽丝同意让我参加他们学校组织的旅行。 Alice agreed to let me join their school trip .5他看见一只小熊猫喝母乳了。 He saw a baby panda drink her mothers milk .6.这将有助于人们理解湿地的重要性。 This will help people ( to ) understand the importance of the wetlands .Integrated skills (P.75-76)1.占地.面积 have / cover an area of ./ be in area /size 2.在中国东部/华东 in East China = in the east of China3. 被覆盖 be covered with 4. 飞到某地过冬 fly to sp. to spend / for the winter5. 丹顶鹤的第二大故乡/家园 the second largest home to red-crowned cranes 花数小时 take hours 6.不仅因为而且因为. not only because, but also because 许多丹顶鹤many red-crowned cranes 7. 不同种类的植物和珍稀鸟的栖息地 home to different kinds of plants and rare birds8.向某人咨询建议 ask for advice 9. 庆祝世界湿地节 celebrate the Worlds Wetland Day10.带一副望远镜 take a pair of binoculars 11. 对人民的健康很重要 be important to the health of people12.更清楚的看见鸟 see the birds more clearly 13. 变渴 get thirsty 14.还有别的什么？ Anything else? 重点句：1.盐城自然保护区在中国东部的江苏省。 Yancheng Nature Reserve is in Jiangsu Province in East China.2.这保护区的面积达到4500多平方公里。 The reserve covers an area of over 4500 square kilometers3.它是不同植物和珍稀鸟的栖息地 。Its home to different kinds of plants and rare birds （home 不可数 栖息地产地）4.庆祝湿地节在2月2日 。 People celebrate the World Wetlands Day on the second of February . 5. You may get thirsty. 你可能会口渴。 6. What /Anything else? 还有什么？Study skills (P.77)1.发出不同的鸟鸣声 make different bird sounds 2.在鸟展上 at bird shows3.我们生活的一部分 part of our lives 4.发出优美的声音 make beautiful sounds5.把鸟写进他们的诗里 include birds in their poems (v.) 6.画里的鸟 the birds in the pictures 重点句：1.一些作家喜欢在他们的诗歌中加入鸟的内容。 Some writers like to include birds in their poems.2.鸟儿是歌唱家，它们能发出美妙的声音。 Birds are singers, they can make beautiful sounds.Task (P.78-79)1.一份申请表 an application form 2.让我来自我介绍。 Let me introduce myself. 3. 向A介绍B introduce A to B 4.(积极)参加活动 take ( an ) part in activities中学的一名8年级学生 a Grade Eight student at School 成为的成员 become a member of .5. 参加观鸟协会 join the Birdwatching Society 6.打（电话号码）找某人 call sb on +号码7. 按照(邮件地址)发邮件给某人email sb at+网址（email address）8.你的诚挚的 yours sincerely 9.对（做）.感兴趣 be interested in (doing). 10. 享受自然界(adj) enjoy the natural world 重点句： 1. I think it is important for me to do something to protect them. 2. It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 表示对某人来说做某事怎么样 e.g. 对我来说, 解决这道数学题很容易。 Its easy for me to work out the math problem. 3.孩子们在那条河里游泳是危险的。 It is dangerous for children to swim in that river. 4.我喜爱自然界。 I enjoy the natural world.5.我对了解各种动植物及鸟类很感兴趣。I am very interested in learning about different kinds of plants, birds and animals.6.多些事情来保护它们对我来说是重要的。Its important for me to do something to protect them.7.如果我能成为观鸟会的一员，我将十分高兴 I will be very happy if I can become a member of the Birdwatching Society 三、单元语法 1. 动词不定式作目的状语 - ( to do / in order to do . )(1.) He stopped to ask the way他停下来问路。 I often go to the market to watch the birds . (2.) I will sit in the front in order to hear more clearly 为了听得更清楚，我要坐在前面。 Mr Wang wants to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for buildings .2动词不定式的否定形式是在to前加not。如： I wrote it down in order not to forget- 为了不忘记，我把它写了下来。She gets up early every day in order not to be late . - 她每天起床很早以便不迟到。3由in order to引导的目的状语，既可以置于句首，也可以置于句尾，而由so as to引导的目的状语，只能置于句尾，不能置于句首。如： They started early in order toso as to get there in time为了及时赶到那里，他们很早就出发了。 = In order to get there in time，they started early We do after-school activities every day in order to keep healthy. = In order to keep healthy , we do after-school . .4.动词不定式作宾语补足语 (1) 动词+宾语+to do，否定形式为：动词+宾语+not to do。这类动词主要有want、wish、would like、ask、tell、advise、 encourage、invite、need、order、get、like、love 、hate，teach、allow、expect、warn等。如： My teacher told us to wear school uniforms 老师叫我们穿校服。 Please ask them not to make noise请叫他们别吵了。My mother often listens to me play the piano.< 一感（feel）二听(hear，listen to)三使（let, have, make）四看(see, watch, notice, look at) >(2)感官动词hear、see、watch、notice、feel等；使役动词let、make、have后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。 I saw her open the door我看见她开了门。 You can let the boy go first你可以让那个男孩先走。 ( 注意：hear , see , watch , notice后也可接ing做宾补。 I saw him running. )(3)动词help后面的动词不定式可带to，也可不带to。如： I often help my mother(to)do housework 我经常帮母亲做家务。4、 书面表达 熟练背诵Reading 和 Task ,学习仿写。 1.扎龙 （Zhalong）学校要求写一篇关于扎龙的报告，向即将来校访问的外国朋友介绍一下。提示如下：扎龙是个自然保护区，它位于中国的东北部。它是世界上最重要的湿地之一，它给野生生物提供了食物和栖息处，它是许多动物和植物的理想家园，包括不同的鸟类。很多游客来扎龙观鸟难过的是，一些人不理解湿地的重要性，想改变湿地为耕地和建筑用地。这就意味着野生动物将有越来越少的生活空间。幸运的是，中国政府竭尽全力来保护它们。让我们一起积极采取措施来保护这些濒危的动物。 2.申请函（An application letter）李明想参加观鸟俱乐部。他需要写封信给Mr Chen来介绍自己并申请加入俱乐部。以下是信包括的大致内容：(请以第一人称来写)1.是阳光中学初二的一名学生。最喜爱的功课是体育和科学。对打篮球很感兴趣，还爱好唱歌。2.想成为一名观鸟者。非常热爱鸟儿和大自然，经常在周末去湿地研究不同种类的鸟儿和鸟儿数量上的变化。认为做些事情来帮助保护鸟类是重要的。希望能够帮助做鸟类的统计工作和更多地了解鸟类。能够在周末参加俱乐部的活动。3.如果能成为俱乐部的一员会 联系方式：电话010555567889，邮箱liming