2018年12月大学英语六级第三套真题与答案.doc

.2012018 8 年年 1212 月大学英语月大学英语六六级考试真题级考试真题及参考答案及参考答案PartPart I I WritingWriting 30minutesFor this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on howhow toto balancebalance academicacademicstudystudy andand extracurricularextracurricular activitiesactivities.You should write at least 150 words but nomore than 200 words。PartPart ReadingReading ComprehensionComprehension 40minutesSectionSection A ADirections:Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are requiredto select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank followingthe passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Eachchoice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letterfor each item on AnswerAnswer SheetSheet 2 2 with a single line through the centre.You may notuse any of the words in the bank more than once.QuestionsQuestions 2626 toto 3535 areare basedbased onon thethe followingfollowing passage.passage.In whats probably the craziest headline Ive ever written,Ive reported that26 in livestock protection are happening with scientists painting eyes on the buttsof cows.The experiment is based upon the idea that farmers whore protecting theirherd from lions would shoot and kill lions in an effort to protect their livestock.While this makes a lot of sense,it results in many lion deaths that 27 would havebeen unnecessary.Researchers in Australia have been 28 and testing a method oftrickery to make lions think they are being watched by the painted eyes on cow butts.This idea is based on the principle that lions and other 29 are far less likely toattack when they feel they are being watched.As conservation areas become smaller,lions are increasingly coming into contact with human populations,which areexpanding to the 30 of these protected areas.Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may seem crazy at first,but they could makeactual headway in the fight for conservation.If the method works,it could providefarmers in Botswana-and 31 with a low-cost,sustainable tool to protect theirlivestock,and a way to keep lions safe from being killed.Lions are 32 ambush埋伏 hunters,so when they feel their prey has 33 them,theyusually give up on the hunt.Researchers are 34 testing their idea on a select herdof cattle.They have painted half of the cows with eyes and left the other half asnormal.Through satellite tracking of both the herd and the lions in the area,theywill be able to 35 if their psychological trickery will work to help keep farmersfrom shooting lions.SectionSection B BDirections:Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose aparagraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer thequestions by marking the corresponding letter on AnswerAnswer SheetSheet 2 2.ResilienceResilience IsIs AboutAbout HowHow YouYou Recharge,Recharge,NotNot HowHow YouYou EndureEndureA As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old,we sometimes fantasize abouthow much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane,undistracted by phones,friends,or movies.We race to get all our ground work done:packing,going through security,doing a last-minute work call,calling each other,then boarding the plane.Then,when we try to have that amazing work session in flight,we get nothing done.Evenworse,after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over,we aretoo exhausted when we land to soldier on with继续处理 the emails that haveinevitably still piled up.B why should flying deplete us?Were just sitting there doing nothing.Why cantwe be tougher,more resilient有复原力的 and determined in our work so we canaccomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves?Based on our current research,we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the planetravel itself;the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient,and the resulting impact of overworking.C We often take a militaristic,tough approach to resilience and determinationlike a Marine pulling himself through the mud,a boxer going one more round,or afootball player picking himself up off the ground for one more play.We believe thatthe longer we tough it out,the tougher we are,and therefore the more successfulwe will be.However,this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.D The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collectiveability to be resilient and successful.Research has found that there is a directcorrelation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety.problems.And lack of recovery whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of workor having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones is costing ourcompanies$62 billion a year in lost productivity.E And just because work stops,it doesnt mean we are recovering.We stop worksometimes at 5pm,but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to workproblems,talking about our work over dinner,and falling asleep thinking about howmuch work well do tomorrow.In a study just released,researchers from Norway foundthat 7.8%of Norwegians have become workaholics工作狂.The scientists cite adefinition workaholismas being overly concerned about work,driven by anuncontrollable work motivation,and investing so much time and effort in work thatit impairs other important life areas.F We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majoriyof American workers,which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S.Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examinehow technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessarycognitive recovery,resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs foremployers.G The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age.Parents tryingto teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student stayingup until 3am to finish a science fair project.What a distortion of resilience!Aresilient child is a well-rested one.When an exhausted student goes to school,herisks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving;he doesnt have thecognitive resources to do well on his English test;he has lower self-control withhis friends;and at home,he is moody with his parents.Overwork and exhaustion arethe opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when were young onlymagnify when we hit the workforce.H As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written,if you have too much time in theperformance zone,you need more time in the recovery zone,otherwise you risk burnout.Gathering your resources to try hard requires burning energy in order to overcomeyour currently low arousal level.It also worsens exhaustion.Thus the moreimbalanced we become due to overworking,the more value there is in activities theallow us to return to a state of balance.The value of a recovery period rises inproportion to the amount of work required of us.I So how do we recover and build resilience?Most people assume that if you stopdoing a task like answering emails or writhing a paper,your brain will naturallyrecover,so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning,youllhave your energy back.But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie.in bed for hours,unable to fall asleep because your brains is thinking about work.If you lie in bed for eight hours,you may have rested,but you can still feelexhausted the next day.Thats because rest and recovery are not the same thing.J If youre trying to build resilience at work,you need adequate internal andexternal recovery periods.As researchers Zijlstra,Cropley and Rydstedt write intheir 2014 paper:Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxationthat take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the formof short scheduled or unscheduled breaks,by shifting attention or changing to otherwork tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task aretemporarily depleted or exhausted.External recovery refers to actions that takeplace outside of worke.g.in the free time between the work days,and duringweekends,holidays or vacations.If after work you lie around on your bed and getirritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking aboutdecisions about how to renovate your home,your brain has not received a break fromhigh mental arousal states.Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.K If you really want to build resilience,you can start by strategically stopping.Give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recoveryperiods.Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by usingtechnology to control overworking.She suggests downloading the Instant or Momentapps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day.You can also use appslike Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically schedulingautomatic airplane modes.The average person turns on their phone 150 times everyday.If every distraction took only 1 minute,that would account for 2.5 hours aday.L In addition,you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge yourbatteries.Try to not have lunch at your desk,but instead spend time outside orwith your friendsnot talking about work.Take all of your paid time off,whichnot only gives you recovery periods,but raises your productivity and likelihoodof promotion.M As for us,weve started using our plane time as a work-free zone,and thustime to dip into the recovery phase.The results have been fantastic.We are usuallytired already by the time we get on a plane,and the crowded space and unstableinternet connection make work more challenging.Now,instead of swimming upstream,we relax,sleep,watch movies,or listen to music.And when we get off the plane,instead of being depleted,we feel recovered and ready to return to the performancezone.36.It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and.accidents.37.Mental relaxation is much needed,just as physical relaxation is.38.Adequate rest not only helps one recover,but also increases ones workefficiency.39.The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.40.Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.41.It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.42.Contrary to popular belief,rest does not equal recovery.43.The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding ofthe meaning of resilience.44.Peoples distorted view about resilience may have developed from theirupbringing.45.People tend to think the more determined they are,the greater their successwill be.SectionSection C CDirections:Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices markedA,B,Cand D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the correspondingletter on AnswerAnswer SheetSheet 2 2 with a single line through the centre.PassagePassage OneOneQuestionsQuestions 4646 toto 5050 areare basedbased onon thethe followingfollowing passage.passage.Children with attention problems in early childhood were 40%less likely to graduatefrom high school,says a new study from Duke University.The study included 386 kindergarteners from schools in the Fast Track Project,amulti-site clinical trial in the U.S.that in 1991 began tracking how childrendeveloped across their lives.With this study,researchers examined early academic attention and socio-emotionalskills and how each contributed to academic success into young adulthood.They found that early attention skills were the most consistent predictor of academicsuccess,and that likability by peers also had a modest effect on academicperformance.By fifth grade,children with early attention difficulties had lower grades andreading achievement scores than their peers.As fifth-graders,children with earlyattention problems obtained average reading scores at least 3%lower than theircontemporaries and grades at least 8%lower than those of their peers.This wasafter controlling for IQ,socio-economic status and academic skills at school entry.Although these may not seem like large effects,the impact of early attentionproblems continued throughout the childrens academic careers.Lower readingachievement scores and grades in fifth grade contributed to reduced grades in middleschool and thereby contributed to a 40%lower high school graduation rate.The children we identified as having attention difficulties were not diagnosed withattention deficit hyperactivity disorder 注意力缺乏多动症 ADHD,although some mayhave had the disorder.Our findings suggest that even more modest attentiondifficulties can increase the risk of negative academic outcomes,said DavidRabiner,an associate dean of Dukes Trinity College of Arts&Sciences,whoseresearch has focused on ADHD and interventions to improve academic performance inchildren with attention difficulties.Social acceptance by peers in early childhood also predicted grades in fifth grade,Children not as liked by their first-grade peers had slightly lower grades in fifthgrade,while those with higher social acceptance had higher grades.This study shows the importance of so-called non-cognitive or soft skills incontributing to childrens positive peer relationships,which,in turn,contributeto their academic successs,said Kenneth Dodge,director of the Duke Center forChild and Family Policy.The results highlight the need to develop effective early interventions to help thosewith attention problems stay on track academically and for educators to encouragepositive peer relationships,the researchers said.Were learning that student success requires a more comprehensive approach,onethat incorporates not only academic skills but also social,self-regulatory andattention skills,Dodge said.If we neglect any of these areas,the childsdevelopment lags.If we attend to these areas,a childs success may reinforceitself with positive feedback loops.46.What is the focus of the new study from Duke University?A The contributor to childrens early attention.B The predictors of childrens academic success.C The factors that affect childrens emotional well-being.D The determinants of childrens development of social skills.47.How did the researchers ensure that their findings are valid?A By attaching equal importance to all possible variables examined.B By collecting as many typical samples as were necessary.C By preventing them from being affected by factors not under study.D By focusing on the family background of children being studied.48.What do we learn from the findings of the Duke study?A Modest students are generally more attentive than their contemporaries.B There are more children with attention difficulties than previously thought.C Attention deficit hyperactivity