高中英语重点词汇精讲.doc

. .高中英语重点词汇精讲abandon: vt.放弃，遗弃abandon medicine for literature弃医从文；desert:遗弃，抛弃on a deserted island.ability: n 能力，才能：have the ability to do=be capable of doing有能力做able: adj.有能力的：an able leader;be able to与can的区别：can只有现在 (can)和过去 (could)两种形式，而be able to可有各种时态。（详见情态动词）。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone _get out.A . could B. was able to C. can D. must (B)aboard: adv./prep在船（飞机，车）上. Aboard=on board; All aboard!请上船；开船啦。Wele aboard!请上船（飞机，车）about: prêt./adv.在周围，在身边；关于(on更严肃，正式)；大约：be about to do. (=be at/onthe point of doing.)即将做。后不能接soon, at once等时间状语； How about +doing/名词/代词/句子等 .=What about.做 .好吗？I have no money about me. Have you heard of the story about Shakespeare?about two yeas=two years pr so =some two yearsAll the mariners _died except the one who shot the bird left to tell his story to others, which was described in the poem called “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.” A. on a board B. on aboard C. on boards D. aboardabroad: adv. be(go/live/travel) abroad; e (return ) from abroad; both at home and abroad在国内外；be all abroad离题，不中肯absence: n. absent: adj. 不在，缺席；不在意的： He will be absent at the meeting from Beijing.（不在） He will be absent at the meeting in Beijing.（外出在）Absence of mind心不在焉；反义词：present出席的，在场的，用法和 absent一样，但作定语要后置 (n.礼物，at present 目前) _got a present at the party. (A) A. All present B. Present all C. All presentingabsorb: vt.吸收（声音，光线，液体等），吸收，理解（知识等）；Be absorbed in全神贯注于。 I was absorbed in a book and didnt hear you call.academic:学院的，学校的，学业的。academic levels/challenges:学业水平/学习中的挑战。accident: 意外;incident:小事件，政治事变或事件by accident=by chance偶然accept:承认，接受（主观），receive: 收到（表客观），accept A as B 承认 A 是 B, He was accepted as an excellent teacher at last. Yesterday he did _an invitation, but he refused to _it . (B 、A)A. accept B. receiveaccess: 进入，接近(to), have access to: 有权进入.,能够使用到.accessible adj. 可以使用（或得到）的。能进入的。Sth .be accessable to sb. 某人容易使用到account: account for解释，描述。On account of因为 take account of考虑到。accuse;指控,指责。Accuse sb. Of sth指控某人犯；be accused of被指控犯。achieve:完成,取得,达到achieve ones work/success/ones goal;achieve the goal of doing达到. 目标。achievements:成就，成绩 He achieved/gained great/brilliant achievements in writing novels.acquire:学习（一般指天生的习得）； 而learn指课堂学习。English acquired ability.across:横穿而过（从物体表面）；through:穿过（从物件内部）；over:跨过（从物体上方）；past:经过（从物件旁边）；along:经过（从物体边沿） He went _the river and didnt find a boat to go _ it. A. over, across B. along, across C. along, over D. past, throughact: vi.行为，演出，Vt.担当，演角色 (=play the part of) n.法令,条例 act as=work as=serve as担当,充当 Who will _Shakespeare in the film? A. act B. act as C. play a part pf (A)action. n.行为,行动,措施 take actions 采取行动, take measures 采取措施active: adj.积极的,活跃的 take(an) active part in积极参加, be active in sth./doing sth.在 方面很积极。live/lead an active life过着活跃的生活。actual:现实的，实际的（现实存在，不是想象中的）；real:真实的（不是假的）rue:真实的（不是in actual life, a real gold ring, a true story actually: adv.实际上，确实=in fact/in reality/ as a matter of fact =reallyadapt:（使适应。dapt (oneself) to（使适应. adapt A for B:把 A改编/改写/改造成adapt from根据改编。add: vt.加 add to把加到上 Two _to three makes five. A. added B. adding C. is added D. being added (A)add to增加, (=increase) The bad weather added to our difficulties.add up把 加Please add up all the figures. add up to合计为=e to =amount to addict: vt.使沉溺, be/ get addicted to对上瘾 The young man gets addicted to drugs.address:n地址v 寄.=post he addressed a letter to me.adjust: adjust (oneself)to 使自己适宜于； adapt to适应于=agree withadmire: admire sb. For (doing) sth. 因而钦佩某人;envy:妒忌,羡慕envy sb. sth. admit: vi/vt. admit(to) sth. 承认 admission n. 让进入,接纳admit ab. to/into允许某人进入be admitted to school/ hospital,允许进入,admit doing sth.允许做承认做 admit+从句admtt of=allow of容许有The matter admits of no delay.容纳=hold=seat The room can admit 200 persons.adopt: 采纳,接受(=accept), 收养。adopt ones suggestion.advance: advance towards a place:向前进 advance in sth.在方面有增长; advance to a place: 到达;advance on/upon逼近,进攻; in advance:提前 =ahead of time; in advance of在之前,比前进。 Advancing=developing: 发展中的， advanced:发达的，高级的，进步的。advantage: 优点，好处take advantage of利用=make use of; have/ take an advantage over others 对有优势 。disadvantage: 不足,可数名词。advice: 忠告，劝告（不可数）， tip:劝告，可数，a piece of advice一条劝告，give sb. some advice on( how to do) sth就给某人提建议, take/follow ones advice采纳某人的建议, ask (sb.) for advice 征询某人的建议, do sth. on ones advice按某人的建议做advise: v.(BE)=advice v.(AE) advise sb. to do sth. 劝某人做, advise sb. not to do sth=advise sb. against doing sth.劝/建议某人不要做, advise doing sth.建议做;但suggest可用suggest: (ones/sb.) doing sth,不用suggest sb. to do sth. I _the lady go there at once. A. suggested B. advised C. hoped D. wished (A)affair:泛指 “事务,事情,事件”, affairs:表重大 “事务或事态”;event:指有重大意义的历史事件; business:生意,公事 on/in business, go into business; matter问题Business before pleasure. There are several matters to be dealt with at the meeting.affect :vt. 影响effevt n. have an effect on=affect对有影响.have no/much/great/littleeffect on/upon 对什么没有/有很大/重大/很小,几乎没有影响. effective adj.有效的afford: 负担起(的费用)可接名词,代词或to do,常与can. could, be able to连用于否定句或问句中. his poor family cant afford his education. I cant afford to buy a car at present.抽得出时间=spare但 spare 可spare sb. +时间He cant afford time for the cinema. I can spare you two hours.我能为你抽出两个小时.提供afford sb. sth. = offer sb. sth. /offer sth. to sb. =supply sth to/for sb./supply sb. With sth.=provide sb. With sth./provide sth for/to sb. Failure afford us experience.afraid: be afraid to do害怕做,be afraid of (doing) sth.担心做be afraid+ 句子,be afraid not/so恐怕不行/恐怕如此(对句子的省略回答).I dont want to be a waitress because Im afraid _ dishes frequently. A. on breaking B. to break (A)after: 表过去一段时间以后或将来某个时刻以后,反义词是before 指从过去算起时间以前或将来某个时刻以前;而指将来一段时间以后,反义词是ago指从现在算起一段里头以前. after all毕竟,终究, above all首先,最重要的是(作 入语),指重要性;first of all 首先,最重要的是, 指顺序或重要性, in all = in total= altogether总共, at all根本. we cant blame him for what he did; _ he is a child. A. at all B. in all C. after all D. above all (C) agree: agree to sth. 同意, 成(plan/arrangement/suggestion/ agree woth sb.(或decision, view, opinion,或某人的话)同意, 成; 与一致,适合(天气,食物等)he moved to biijing because he _ the weather here. (A) A. didnt agree with B. wasnt suitable for C. wasnt fit for D. didnt agree to agree to do sth.同意, 成做 agree on sth.在.取得一致 agree+句子,同意反义词: disagree,名词:agreement:契约,协议 reach/e to/ arrive at/make an agreement withon sth. 与就.达成协议.aid: do/ give/ offer first aid to sb =do/give/ offer sb. first aid对某人进行急救; go 援救某人aim: n./v.目标,目的,瞄准 take aim at=aim at瞄准目的在于 aim sth at sth用什么瞄准什么东西, aim your gun at., 用枪瞄准aimat旨在; aim to do sth 目的在于做 china has long been a leader in the field of genetic research _ at imporoving agriculture. A. aimed B. aiming C. to aim (A) he has aimed at entering a key university.air : in the air在空中,在流传, 悬而未决 ; on the air在广播中; by air乘飞机等 (=by plane)l in the open air在野外 vt.使通风,晾干 air your clothesall: all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, plete, pletely, always, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether等是总括含义代词形容词和副词等,与否定词not 连用,构成部分否定,表示 “不都,并非都”.而全否定要用no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no long, no way等,表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语一起使用构成 “全部否定”.allow : allow doing允许做. allow sb. to do.允许某人做 Students arent allowed _in school. A. to smoke B. smoking (A) allow for考虑到，体谅，顾及。It takes about an hour to get there, allowing for possible traffic delays. allow of容许，容得 the meeting allows of no delay. allow sb. sth. 同意给某人.alive: loving, lovely ,lovely, alive, live的区别: alive adj.“ 活着的”,作后置定语,表语,补足语等,不作前置定语; kept sth olive live:作定语, “活的,有生命的,活生生的,生机勃勃的,燃着的,实况转播的”,还可作动词, a live fish, live coal燃着的煤, a live football match 一场直播的足球; a live young man一个生机勃勃的年轻人; living adj.“有生命的,活着的”,作前置定语或表语(还可作名词 make a living),修饰人或物, living beings/things生物; lively: “生动的,活跃的,充满生气的” a lively and interesting class; lovely adj.可爱的 a lovely girl. While a person is asleep, a part of his brain is still _. A. active B. alive C. awake D. aware (A)Language is a _ and continually changing thing. A. live B. alive C. lively D. living (D)almost:“几乎”=nearly,但almost不能位于very后;nearly不能和any, no, none, never, nothing 等连用,not nearly “决不,远非”= far from;almost not “几乎不”I am far from _ with what he said. (A) A. satisfied B. satisfying C. being satisfiedalone: adj.“单独的”,作表语或补足语,表客观事实; lonely: “孤独的,荒凉的,偏僻的”,可带感情色彩. adv.单独地,独自alone=on ones own= by oneself 单独地, leave sb. alone别打扰某人,把某人单独下The old man lives alone in a lonely house, but he doesnt feel lonely because he can make a living alone.aloud: 出声(侧重,由无声到有声) loud 大声地(侧重声音由低到高).Please speak loud. I cant hear you clearly.although: conj. 虽然 =though,不与 but, so, and 连用,可与yet, still连用.Although:常位于句首,不用倒装; though:位于句中或句首,可倒可不倒装; as常位于句首,要倒装(即副词,形容词,省冠词的名词,动词原形提前),它们都接句子; in spite of=despite 是介词短语,接名词或动名词. _ gettinghigh marks in the examinations, he is still working hard. A. In spite of B. Although C. Though D. In case ofamaze: vt.使感到非常吃惊. amaze sb. be amazed at sth 对感到吃惊. be amazed to do sth I was amazed+句子. amazing 表示令人惊奇的事物; amazed 表示人感到惊奇.among:在之间(多者); between: 在之间(两者); between A and Banother: 泛指多者中另外 “一个或几个” three more boys=another three boys; the other两者中另外 “一个” onethe other一个另一个;the others=the other+可复: “另外 一些”,指全部; others=other+可复: “另外一些”,指部分I need _students to help me carry the books besides Tom and Peter. A. three other B. three another C. another three D. other three (C)answer: 答复,回答answer the letter/door/phone/question, answer for 对负责,受到报应,answer a question=reply to a question; an answer/ a key to 的答案anxious: adj.渴望的,忧虑的(anxiety n.) be anxious to do sth. 急切做,be anxious for/ about.为担心,be anxious+句子(虚拟语气);be eager to do sth. 渴望做;look forward to doing sth.盼望做.apologize: apologize (to sb.) for doing sth./ sth.=make an apology (to sb.) for doing sth./ sth.为向某人道歉.appear: 出现,显露, the sun appeared out of the black cloud. 来到,露面(He didnt appear until the meeting almost ended.看来(好像)It appears/seems to sb. that+句子= sb. appears/seems to do sth.(此结构一般不用look) appear指从外表上看好象(=look); 而 seem指实质上看好象He appears to have known the news =it appears that he has known the news.The plane appears stronger inside than outside. (不用seem)appearance: n.出现,来到,外貌,面貌The old building affects the appearance of the city.apply: applyto把应用于 We should apply the theory to practice.apply to适用于 This kind of books doesnt apply to children. apply (to sb.) for向某从请求/申请When you have any question, please apply to me for help. appilication n.approach: v.靠近,接近.与.打交道(about);着手处理 n.靠近,接近(of);通道,入口(to);方法(to)argue:争吵,争辩.着重就自己的看法或立场提出论证和别从辩论;而quarrel:争吵,吵架.表示因不同意或不喜欢而产生的强烈的争论或争吵; debate: 辩论,争论. argument: n.argue about sth. 争吵(关于) argue with sb.同争吵 argue for/against赞成/反对argue with ab. about/over sth.与某从争论某事,为与某人争吵argue ab. Into doing sth.persuade sb. into doing.说服某人做.=persuade sb. to do sth. argue sth. 对某事争论 argue that-clause:主X,认为arrange:vt/vi.安排,筹划.arrange sth. For sb. 为安排.; arrange with sb. about/ for与商定某事.arrange to do sth安排做.;arrange that+句子.arrive: vi. 到达arrive at/ in(大地方用in,小地方用at)=get to(接home, here, there,省to)=reac(常指努力到达) 得出arrive at/ e to a conclusion/decision得出结论,做出决定.arrival n. 到达,来到.as: conj.像一样,表比较asas, not so as修饰形容词可单时,形容词提到冠词前,这点和that, how, too 等一样;但like是介词.He does his work as his father does (like his father). He is _as Mary. A. as good a student B. so good a student C. too good a student D. as a good student (A)表方式, “按照,如同”You must to everything as I tell you. 表时间, “当时”, “随着”,和When, while 的区别:while:当时,和同时(谓语噗延续性动词),而(并列连词),虽然(从属连词=although); when:当时表 “突然”.as(he was) a young man, he joined the army. As time goes on, I love her more and more.表原因,与because, since, now that, for, 的区别:as表直接原因, because表真正原因,since和now that表明显的已成事实的原因, for 表推断,表让步, “虽然,尽管”和 though, although的区别(略) 关系代词,the same()as, such()as, asas, as is well known to us all, as we expect.My home town is no longer the same as it was.As is known to us allm china is a large country with a long history. so as to /soas to 以至于 He raised his voice so as to be heard. so/ as far as 远到,就而论,据.所知,as for至于 (=as to), 就方面说; as usual 像平常一样; as it is/ was 事实上,既然如此; as it were 乎可以说是.As it is, we can hardly get to the station by 6 oclock.The book gives, as it were, a pocture of the evil old society.as soon as= immediately/ the miment/the minute/directly/instantly+句子.就.,当时.as/so long as =on condition that只要, as though=as if 好像; as many as+(句子或可复或和一样多,多达; as much as+(句子,不可数,重量,价格,数量等); as long as长达; as far as 远到,就而论.He has stayed here as many as ten years and earned as much as ten thousand pounds.as well as也,又,还有He knows English as well. He as well as I is going to Beijing next month.is + 倍数/分数 +as + adj./adv.+ as=is +倍数/分数+比较级+ than=is +倍数/分数 (double./twice两倍 ) +the size/length/depth/width ofThis railway is double the length of that one=os two times as long as=is once longer thanashamed: adj.惭愧,害臊be/feel ashamed to do sth.= be/feel ashamed of doing sth.对做某事感到惭愧,be/feel ashamed for sb. 替某人感到惭愧, be/ feel ashamed that+ 句子,be ashamed of oneself为自己感到害臊I feel ashamed of not having done much for the people like Lei Feng.ask:ask sb. a question 问某人问题 ask sb. (not) to do叫某人不做, ask/ inrite sb. to a meeting请某人到会. ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物(求某事) =ask sYou should ask your parents for permission at first. ask a favor of sb.要求某人帮忙 ask after问候,探问 We should often ask after our parents health.ask for要求,求同 The boys mother asked for his head teacher about his studiesastonish: vt. 使惊讶(surpriseamazeastonishshock)它们的用法结构一样,be surprised at sth, 对.感到吃惊,be surprised to do sth. 因做感到吃惊.(surprising, surprised 区别)attempt:attend: 出席,参加 (=be present at) ,照料 (care for=look after=take care of), 上(学) =go to The nurse attended the patient patiently.attend to专心于,致力于 The student attends to hos studies every day.attention n. pay attention to (doing) sth.注意., draw/ attract ones attention 引起某人的注意. hold ones attention on