过去完成时和过去完成进行时的结构和用法 高考英语语法总复习 .doc

高考英语语法总复习：过去完成时和过去完成进行时的结构和用法01一、过去完成时的构成Had+过去分词02二、过去完成时的用法过去完成时主要用来指过去某一特定时间以前就完成的行为。（一）描述过去某一时间或某一动作之前已完成的动作表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。这个过去的时刻常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。例句1：By the end of yesterday,we had received over 1000 letters from all over the world.到昨天为止，我们已经收到了来自世界各地的1000多封信。例句2：I had just finished half of the work by yesterday.到昨天为止我刚完成了一半任务。例句3：She found that she had left her luggage on the bus.她发现自己的行李丢在了公共汽车上。例句4：Jane had left before I arrived.我到之前简就走了。注意！常与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：Be the end of last week到上周末为止Since he left自他离开以来By that time到那时为止Before that year那年之前Before I arrived在我到达之前When I arrived在我到达时（二）用来表示未曾实现的愿望或打算动词hope，wish，plan，want，mean，intend，attempt，think，expect等表示“打算、计划、希望、认为”等的动词用于过去完成时表示“本打算（本计划、本希望、本认为）做而做”。例句1：I had hoped to be back last night,but I didn't catch the train.我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没赶上火车。例句2：The boy had meant to come in but the teacher refused him.男孩本想进来，可老师拒绝他进入。例句3：I had intended to come to the party,but I was busy.我本打算去参加宴会的，可太忙了。在hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner. than.等特殊句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一.就.”。当否定副词hardly，scarcely，no sooner等放于句首时，主句常用部分倒装。例句1：I had hardly answered the teacher when he interrupted me.我还没来得及回答老师的问题，他就打断了我的话。（=Hardly had I answered the teacher when.）例句2：Rosa had scarcely heard the news when she burst into tears.罗莎一听到消息就大哭起来。（=Scarcely had Rosa heard the news when.）例句3：I had no sooner seen him than I asked him about the matter.我一见到他，就问起那件事情。（=No sooner had I seen him than I.）（三）使用过去完成时的一些常见情况1）用在宾语从句中（特别是在间接引语中）例句1：He said that he had been in China for over ten years.他说他在中国已经有十多年了。例句2：She learned that scientists had made a breakthrough in the treatment of that disease.她了解到科学家在治疗那种疾病方面有了突破。例句3：I was afraid I had of fended her.我担心自己得罪了她。2）用在状语从句中例句1：I found the letter long after he had gone away.他走后好久我才找到那封信。例句2：When she had sung her song she sat down.她唱完歌后坐了下来。例句3：He refused to go till he had searched all the rooms.他把所有房间搜查了一遍后才离开。例句4：As soon as he had done it,he knew it was a mistake.他刚一着手做就知道做错了。3）用在定语从句中例句1：She showed me the pictures she had painted.她把她的画拿给我看。例句2：The old oak tree,which had stood in the yard for a hundred years,suddenly crashed to the ground.这棵老橡树在院子里已挺立了一百年，有天突然倒了下来。03三、过去完成进行时的构成Had been+现在分词04四、过去完成进行时的用法过去完成进行时的用法与现在完成进行时的用法基本相同，只是时间参考点不同。过去完成进行时以“过去的过去”为时间参考点，而现在完成进行时以“过去”为时间参考点。过去完成进行时指从“过去的过去”某一个时间点开始的动作或状态，一直延续到过去，动作或状态是否继续，需要根据上下文确定。例句1：I didn't know you had been waiting for me.我当时不知道你一直在等我。例句2：I was tired.I had been working since dawn.我当时很累，从天亮我就开始工作。例句3：Until now the rumors that had been circulating were exaggerated versions of the truth.到目前为止，流传的谣言都是将真相夸大了的版本。例句4：It had been snowing all night. The ground was covered with thick snow.下了一整夜的雪，地面被厚厚的雪覆盖。过去完成时强调动作完成，而过去完成时表示动作有可能继续进行。例句对比：I had already cleaned the kitchen.我当时已经打扫完厨房了。I had been cleaning the kitchen.我当时一直在打扫厨房。