2022年中科院考博英语真题及答案详解.doc

GRADUATE UNIVERSITY, CHINESE ACADEMYOF SCIENCES ENGLISH ENTRANCEEXAMINATIONFORDOCTORAL CANDIDATESMarch PAPER ONEPART VOCABULARY(15 minutes, 10points, 0. 5point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. 1. My father was a nuclear engineer, a very academically _ Man with multiple degrees from prestigious institutions. A. promoted B. activated C. oriented D. functioned2. Public _ for the usually low-budget, high-quality films has enabled the independent film industry to grow and thrive. A. appreciation B. recognition C. gratitude D. tolerance3. Dirty Jobs on the Discovery Channel, an unlikely television program, has become a surprising success with a _ fan base. A. contributed B. devoted C. revered D. scared4. Pop culture doesn't _ to strict rules; it enjoys being jazzy, unpredictable, chaotic. A. adhere B. lend C. expose D. commit5. Intellectual property is a kind of _ monopoly, which should be used properly or else would disrupt healthy competition order. A. legible B. legendary C. lenient D. legitimate6. I am thankful to the company for giving me such a chance, and I earnestly hope that I will _ everyones expectations. A. boil down to B. look forward to C. live up to D. catch on to7. The image of an unfortunate resident having to climb 20 flights of stairs because the lift is _ is now a common one. A. out of the way B. on order C. out of order D. in no way8. My eyes had become _ to the now semi-darkness, so I could pick out shapes about seventy-five yards away. A. inclined B. accustomed C. vulnerable D. sensitive9. Despite what Id been told about the local peoples attitude to strangers, _ did I encounter any rudeness. A. at no time B. in no time C. at any time D. at some time10. In times of severe _ companies are often forced to make massive job cuts in order to survive. A. retreat B, retrospect C. reduction D. recession11. Sport was integral to the national and local press, TV and, to a diminishing _ , to radio. A. extent B. scope C. scale D. range12. Unless your handwriting is _ , or the form specifically asks for typewriting, the form should be neatly handwritten. A. illegitimate B, illegal C. illegible D. illiterate13. The profession fell into , with some physicists sticking to existing theories, while others came up with the big-bang theory. A. harmony B. turmoil C. distortion D. accord14. With the purchasing power of many middle-class households _ behind the cost of living, there was an urgent demand for credit. A. leaving B. levering C. lacking D. lagging15. Frank stormed into the room and _ the door, but it wasnt that easy to close the door on what Jack had said. A. slashed B. slammed C. slipped D. slapped16. When I was having dinner with you and Edward at his apartment, I sensed a certain _ between the two of you. A. intimacy B. proximity C. discrepancy D. diversity17. I decided to _ between Ralph and his brother, who were arguing endlessly. A. interfere B. intervene C. interrupt D. interact18. “I mean Gildas and Ludens are both wise, reasonable and tactful; but naturally theyre _ , they want to know whats happening, and make judgments on it all. ”A. indifferent B. innocent C. inquisitive D. instinctive19. In Africa HIV and AIDS continue to _ the population; nearly 60 percent of those infected are women. A. alleviate B. boost C. capture D. ravage20. By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period slave society was _ disintegration. A. on the ground of B. on the top of C. in the light of D. on the verge ofPART CLOZE TEST(15 minutes, 15 points)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Tomorrow Japan and South Korea will celebrate White Day, an annual event when men are expected to buy a gift for the adored women in their lives. It is a relatively new 21 that was commercially created as payback for Valentines Day. Thats 22 in both countries, 14 February is all about the man. On Valentines Day, women are expected to buy all the important male 23 in their lives a token gift; not just their partners, 24 their bosses or older relatives too. This seems 25 enough. Surely its reasonable for men to be indulged on one day of the year, 26 the number of times theyre expected to produce bouquets of flowers and 27 their woman with perfume or pearls. But the idea of a woman 28 a man didnt sit easily with people. In 1978, the National Confectionery Industry Association(糖果业协会) 29 an idea to solve this problem. They started to market white chocolate that men could give to women on 14 March, as 30 for the male-oriented Valentines Day. It started with a handful of sweet-makers producing candy 31 a simple gift idea. The day 32 the public imagination, and is now a nationally 33 date in the diary-and one where men are 34 to whip out their credit cards. In fact, men are now expected to give gifts worth 35 the value of those they received. What a complication: not only do men have to remember who bought them what, they have to estimate the value and multiply it by three. 21. A. copy B. concept C. choice D. belief22. A. because B. as C. so D. why23. A. clients B. friends C. figures D. colleagues24. A. but B. and C. instead of D. rather than25. A. odd B. good C. fair D. rare26. A. given B. if C. but D. though27. A. attract B. frustrate C. surprise D. touch28. A. supporting B. spoiling C. comforting D. fooling29. A. came up with B. come out of C. came up toD. came along with30. A. companion B. compromise C. competence D. compensation31. A. via B. as C. with D. for 32. A. captured B. appealed C. favored D. held33. A. documented B. recognized C. illustrated D. scheduled34. A. volunteered B. embarrassed C. sponsored D. obliged35. A. triple B. double C. fourfold D. equalPART READING COMPREHENSIONSection A(60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Passage OneAt many colleges, smokers are being run not just out of school buildings but off the premises. On Nov. 19 , the University of Kentucky, the tobacco states flagship public institution, Launched a campus wide ban on cigarettes and all other forms of tobacco on school grounds and parking areas. Pro-nicotine students staged a “smoke-out”to protest the new policy, which even rules out smoking inside cars if theyre on school property. Kentucky joins more than 365 U. S. colleges and universities that in recent years have instituted antismoking rules both indoors and out. In most places, the issue doesnt seem to be secondhand smoke. Rather, the rationale for going smoke-free in wide open spaces is a desire to model healthy behavior. Purdue University, which has 30-ft. buffer zones, recently considered adopting a campuswide ban but tempered its proposal after receiving campus input. Smoking will now be restricted to limited outdoor areas. One big problem with a total ban is enforcing it. Take the University of Iowa. In July , the school went smoke-free in accordance with the Iowa Smokefree Air Act, violations of which can result in a $50 fine. But so far, the university has ticketed only about 25 offenders. “Our campus is about 1, 800 acres, so to think that we could keep track of who is smoking on campus at any given time isnt really feasible, ”says Joni Troester, director of the universitys campus wellness program. Instead, the school helps those trying to kick the habit by offering smoking-cessation programs and providing reimbursement for nicotine patches, gum and prescription medications like Zyban. The University of Michigan will probably take a similar approach when its ban takes effect in July . “We dont have a desire to give tickets or levy punishments, ”says Robert Winfield, the schools chief health officer. “We want to encourage people to stop smoking, set a good example for students and make this a healthier community. ”Naturally, there has been pushback from students. “Where do we draw the line between a culture of health and individual choice?”asks Jnathan Slemrod, a University of Michigan senior and president of the schools College Libertarians. “If they truly want a culture of health, I expect them to go through all our cafeterias and get rid of all our Taco Bells, all our pizza places. ”Students might want to enjoy those Burrito Supremes while they can. In todays health-obsessed culture, those may be next. 36. We can infer that the “newness”of the antismoking policy at the University of Kentucky lies in _ . A. its extended scope of no-smoking placesB. its prohibition of cigarette sales on campusC. its penalty for bringing tobacco to schoolD. its ban on smoke when people are driving37. By setting the antismoking rules the University of Kentucky mainly aims for _ . A. protecting students against passive smokingB. modeling itself on many other universitiesC. promoting the students health awarenessD. punishing those who dare smoke on campus38. One of the problems enforcing the ban on smoking at the University of Iows is _ . A. limiting the smoke-free areasB. tracing smokers on campusC. forcing smokers to give up smokingD. providing alternative ways for smokers39. The word “levy”(in Paragraph 5)most probably means_ . A. impose B. avoid C. deserve D. receive40. According to Jonathan Slemrod, Taco Bell is _ . A. a tobacco shop B. a school cafeteriaC. an organic food store D. an unhealthy food chain41. The authors tone in the essay is _ . A. radical B. optimistic C. objective D. criticalPassage TwoThe familiar sounds of an early English summer are with us once again. Millions of children sit down to SATs, GCSEs, AS-levels, A-levels and a host of lesser exams, and the argument over educational standards starts. Depending on whom you listen to, we should either be letting up on over-examined pupils by abolishing SATs, and even GCSEs, or else making exams far more rigorous. The chorus will reach a peak when GCSE and A-level results are published in August. If pass rates rise again, commentators will say that standards are falling because exams are getting easier. If pass rates drop, they will say that standards are falling because children are getting lower marks. Parents like myself try to ignore this and base our judgments on what our children are learning. But its not easy given how much education has changed since we were at school. Some trends are encouraging-education has been made more relevant and enthuses many children that it would have previously bored. My sons A-level French revision involved listening to radio debates on current affairs, whereas mine involved rereading Moliere. And among their peers, a far greater proportion stayed in education for longer. On the other hand, some aspects of schooling today are incomprehensible to my generation, such as gaps in general knowledge and the hand-holding that goes with ensuring that students leave with good grades. Even when we parents resist the temptation to help with GCSE or A-level coursework, a teacher with the childs interests at heart may send a draft piece of work back several times with pointers to how it can be improved before the examiners see it. The debate about standards persists because there is no single objective answer to the question: “Are standards better or worse than they were a generation ago?”Each side points to indicators that favor them, in the knowledge that there is no authoritative definition, let alone a measure that has been consistently applied over the decades. But the annual soul-searching over exams is about more than student assessment. It reveals a national insecurity about whether our education system is teaching the right things. It is also fed by an anxiety about whether, in a country with a history of upholding standards by ensuring that plenty of students fail, we can attain the more modern objective of ensuring that every child leaves school with something to show for it. 42. It can be concluded from Paragraph 1 that _ . A. SATs is one of the most rigorous exams mentionedB. it has been debated if children should b given examsC. few parents approve of the exam systems in EnglandD. each year children have to face up to some new exams43. Parents try to judge the educational standards by _ . A. whether their children have passed the examsB. what knowledge their children have acquiredC. what educators say about curriculum planningD. whether their childrens school scores are stable44. To the author, the rereading of Moliere was _ . A. dreary B. routine C. outmoded D. arduous45. To the authors generation, it is beyond understanding today why _ . A. teachers lay great stress on helping students obtain good gradesB. teachers show much concern for students futureC. parents help little with their childrens courseworkD. parents focus on their childrens general knowledge46. According to the passage, with respect to educational standards in Britain, _ . A. no authorities have ever made a commentB. no one has ever tried to give them a definitionC. no effective ways have been taken to apply themD. no consistent yardstick has ever been used47. In the authors opinion, the school education in Britain has been _ . A. inflexible B. irresponsible C. unsuccessfulD. unforgivablePassage ThreeSuzan Fellman h