数词的读法和用法全面总结- 高三英语一轮复习素材.doc

高考英语语法总复习：数词的读法和用法全面总结基数词01基数词表示法1）13-19数字的表达13-19的数字皆以-teen-tin结尾。其中fourteen、sixteen、seventeen、eighteen、和nineteen分别由four、six、seven、eight、nine后加后缀-teen转化而来；eighteen中只保留一个t；thirteen、fifteen分别由three和five转化而来。2）21-99数字的表达先说“几十”，再加“几”，中间要加连字符39 thirty-nine52 fifty-two83 eighty-three91 ninety-one3）101-999数字的表达先说“几百”，再加and，再加末尾两位数或末尾数375 three hundred and seventy-five582 five hundred and eighty-two819 eight hundred and nineteen902 nine hundred and two4）1,000以上的数字的表达先从后向前，在每三位数前加一个逗号，用这个方法把数目分作若干段，再一段一段地念；自右向左第一个逗号前的数为thousand，第二个逗号前的数为million，第三个逗号前的数为billion。例如：4,007 four thousand and seven8021 eight thousand and twenty-one13,849 thirteen thousand,eight hundred and forty-nine631,562 six hundred and thirty-one thousand,five hundred and sixty-two54,256,000 fifty-four million,two hundred and fifty-six thousand970,000,000 nine hundred and seventy million14,800,000,000 fourteen billion eight hundred million2,000,000,000,000 two trillion在这类数字中，hundred、thousand、million、billion、trillion等词都用单数形式，如其后加名词时，名词需要用复数，如five hundred students五百个学生5）“万”的表达英语中表示“万”时，用“10千”，如forty thousand四万。表示“亿”时需要用“一百个百万”表示，如two hundred million两亿02基数词在句中的作用（一）基数词在句中的主要作用1）定语You cant ride two horses at the same time.不能同时骑两匹马。2）主语Two of the girls are from California.这些女孩中，有两个来自加州。Three will be enough.三个就够了。3）宾语或介词宾语-How many workers do they employee ？-Over two hundred,I think.The city has a population of three million.这座城市有三百万人口。4）表语He has a little over five.他才五岁多一点。5）同位语You two take these seats.你们两人坐这里。Have you got tickets for us three ?有我们三个人的票吗？（二）基数词还可以用于复数形式，表示很大的数量The boat cost hundreds of pounds.这条船花了几百英镑。Thousands of people attended the meeting.数千人参加了这次会议。Tens of thousands of people took part in the demonstration.Thousands upon thousands of scallops appear off Long Island in the fall.秋天长岛附近的海滩上会出现数以万计的扇贝。They arrived in twos and threes.他们三三两两地来了。（三）某些基数词的复数形式可以用在“in ones/the”结构中1）表示年龄She is an intelligent woman in her thirties.她三十多岁，是个聪明的女人。She is in her early (late) twenties.她现在二十一二（二十八九）岁。2）表示年代The building was builtin the 1820s.那栋建筑是在19世纪20年代建的。He was working abroad in the 1970s.20世纪70年代他在国外工作。（四）用基数词表示顺序在很多情况下我们可以用基数词表示编号：Part One 第一部分Chapter Five 第五章Section Twenty-three 第二十三节Brigade 359 三五九旅编号的东西，常避免用序数词，读法也简单化：第705房间 Room 705第254页 Page 254第二汽车厂 The No. 2 Auto Plant九号车厢 Carriage No. 9三号及四号卧铺 Berth 3 and 4第103路公共汽车 Bus No. 103海湾道7895号 7895 Bay Road序数词01序数词表示法 除“第一”、“第二”、“第三”之外，其他序数词都以在基数词后加词尾th构成，其中有些词（见上表中的黑体部分）在拼法上有少许变化。例如：FifthEighthNinthTwelfthTwentieth等 两位数的词，只需要把个位数变为序数词，十位数不变：第二十二 twenty-second第三十一 thirty-first第七十八 seventy-eighth第九十三 ninety-third 三位以上的词，只把最后的两位数变为序数词：第一百五十一 one hundred and fifty-first第九百九十九 nine hundred and ninety-ninth此外，first，second等词常可缩写，如1st，2nd，3rd，20th，21st等。02序数词在句中的作用（一）序数词在句中可用作各种成分1）作定语Confidence is yourself is the first step to success.自信是通向成功的第一步。There was a ceremony to mark the hundredth anniversary of his birth.为纪念他诞辰一百周年，人们举行了一个仪式。We gave a party to celebrate her twentieth birthday.我们举行派对来庆祝她二十岁生日。2）作表语They were the first to taste hardships.他们吃苦在前。Who was the third ?谁是第三名？3）作主语First went to the American team.美国对获得第一名。Two dogs fight for a bone,a third runs away with it.鹬蚌相争，渔人得利。The third of the month was a holiday.这月三号是个假日。4）作动词宾语或介词宾语I was among the first to learn of this.我是第一批知道这件事的人。She got a third in biology.她生物学得了一个丙级分（不及格）。She is arriving on the second of June.她于六月二日到达。（二）序数词的一些其他用法1）可与不定冠词连用，表示“再一”、“又一”She could not go through that a second time.她再也经不起那样的事了。A second swan flew down,then a third and a fourth.又一只天鹅飞来了，接着是第三只、第四只。2）表示日期May 1st 五月一日March 8th 三月八日3）用在许多短语中Perseverance means,first of all,to take hole;second,to hole on;third and last,to never let go.毅力首先是抓住机会，其次是坚持，第三，也是最后一条，决不放弃。We got four first-places in the sports meet.运动会我们得了四个第一。He went second-class on the train to New York.他坐二等车去纽约。I bought a second-hand car.我买了一辆二手车。数字及数学公式的读法01一些数字的读法1）电话号码的读法279-1304/'tu:'sevn' nan'wn'ri:''f:/007号分机 Extension 007/'''sevn/2）年份的读法2000 the year two thousand2004 two thousand and four1949 nineteen forty-nine1803 eighteen and three1600 sixteen hundred450 B.C. four fifty B.C.（公元前）128 A.D. one twenty-eight A.D.（公元后）3）日期的读法July 22nd July (the) twenty-second 或the twenty-second of JulyOctober 1st October (the) first 或the first of October4）时刻的读法08:00 eight o'clock或eight09:15 nine fifteen或a quarter past nine（美语：after nine）02:30 two thirty或half past two（美语：after two）05:45 five forty-five或a quarter to six（美语：of six）07:00 7:00 a.m.12:00 midday/noon14:15 fourteen fifteen=2:15 p.m.23:05 twenty-three oh five =11:05 p.m.24:00 twenty-four hundred hours=midnight02一些数学公式的读法5+6=11读作：Five and/plus six are/is/make/makes/equal/equals eleven11-5=6读作：Eleven minus five equals/is/makes six.5x6=30读作：Five times six is/are/makes/equals/equal thirty或Five multiplied by six is/are/makes/make/equals/equal thirty30/5=6读作：Thirty divided by five equals/is/makes six或Five into thirty equals/is/makes sixabA is more than b.abA is less than B.abA approximately equals b.abA is not equal to b.分数词分数词的构成及作用（一）分数词构成法分数词由基数词和序数词构成，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，做分母的序数词要用复数形式。1/4 one-fourth5/9 five-nines2/3 two thirds3 2/5 three and two-fifths7/12 seven-twelfths47 3/8 forty-seven and three-eighths此外还有下面表示法：1/2 a(one) half1/4 a(one) quarter3/4 three-quarters2 1/4 two and one quarter1 1/2 one and a half7 3/4 seven and three quarters比较复杂的分数读法如下：23/9 twenty-three over nine76/92 seventy-six over ninety-two应该注意的是：表达分数有时基数词与序数词之间需要加连字符“-”，有时也可不加。“三分之二的学生”可写作two-thirds of the students或two thirds of the students（二）分数在句中的作用1）作主语Half a day has passed,but he hasn't finished it.已经过去半天，但他还没有完成。The other third of the black population live in poverty.另外三分之一的黑人生活在贫困之中。Half the world does not know how the other half lives.贫富不相知。2）作动词宾语或介词宾语Give a quarter of the pie to each of them.给他们每人四分之一的馅饼。Mother divided the cake into thirds.妈妈把蛋糕分成三份。They account for one-sevenths of the population.他们占总人口的七分之一。3）作表语The crop that year was only one-third of the usual amount.那年的收成只是往年产量的三分之一。4）作定语It's one-twentieth the thickness of a human hair.它相当于人类发丝的十二分之一那么细。The mass of an electron is 1/1850 that of a hydrogen atom.电子的质量只是氢原子质量的1/1850.It produces power at 1/8 the cost in a thermal power plant.它的发电成本只是热电成本的八分之一。5）作状语China is one-sixth larger than the United States.中国比美国大六分之一。This substance reacts one-tenth as fast as the other one.这种物质的反应速度是另外一种物质的十分之一。小数的读法和用法（一）小数的读法6.4 - six point four0.8 - zero (naught) point eight0.05 - naught point naught five 或zero point zero five0.726 - naught point seven two six 或zero point seven two six12.409 - twelve point four zero nine709.06 - seven hundred and nine point zero six（二）小数主要作用作定语Our grain output is now 2.4 times that of 1980.我们现在的粮食产量是1980年的2.4倍。Its total output value was up 4.7 times.它的总产量提高了4.7倍。Its capability was 7.3 times as great as in 1985.它的生产能力是1985年的7.3倍。百分数的基本用法百分数由percent表示，可以在句中作：1）作主语Over eighty percent of all families own a television.百分之八十以上的家庭都有电视机。Ten percent of the pupils are absent today.今天有百分之十的学生缺席。What percent of the population can read ?能识字的人占了总人口的百分之几？2）作动词宾语或介词宾语They constitute eight percent of the population.他们占总人口的百分之八。The price of bread has gone up by forty percent in two years.面包价格两年涨了百分之四十。The bank charges interest at twelve percent.银行利息为百分之十二。3）作定语Leave the waitress a fifteen percent tip.给女招待留下百分之十五的小费。There is a ten percent service charge.要收百分之十的服务费。I paid him four percent interest.我付给他百分之四的利息。4）作状语I think it's ninety percent probable.我看这有百分之九十的可能性。I'm not a hundred percent convinced myself.我没有百分之百的信心。Prices have risen six percent in the past year.过去一年里物价上涨了百分之六。5）作表语12 is 1 percent of 1,200.12是1,200的百分之一。倍数词的表达数次表达倍数主要有以下五种方式：1）倍数+an many / much . as .We have produced three times as many computers as we did last year.我们生产的计算机是去年的三倍之多。2）倍数+the size of .用法与size相同的名词常见的有：Weight 重量Height 高度Depth 深度Width 宽度Age 年龄Length 长度等表示倍数时，一倍用once，两倍用twice/double，三倍以上用基数词+times.。The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍大。3）倍数+what从句The length of the road is twice / double what it was three years ago.这条路是三年前的两倍长。4）倍数+比较级+thanThis house is ten times bigger than that one.这座房子比那座大十倍。He has read three times more books than I have.他读的书是我读过的三倍多。5）比较级+than.+by+倍数程度The line is longer than that one by twice.这根线是那根线的两倍长。分数、百分数等也可用于下面的各种表达法中：I usually spend half what I earn on books.我经常将收入的一半用于买书。We lost the game by one score.我们以一分之差输了这场比赛。We increased 20% as many products as last year.我们的产量比去年增加了百分之二十。概数的表达“大于”或“多于”的表示法1）over/above+数字；more than+数字A price above fifty dollars五十美元以上的价格A distance of over 500 yards五百码以上的距离It weights above a hundred pounds.它的重量在一百磅以上。One father is more than a hundred schoolmasters.一位父亲胜过一百名教师。2）数字+and more/or more/and aboveForty years and more/or more四十多年Persons of fifty and above五十岁和五十岁以上的人们The distance from here to the city is ten miles and above.从这儿到城市的距离在十英里以上。3）整十或整百数+odd/and oddTwenty odd boys二十多男孩Five hundred and odd students五百多名学生She is forty-odd years old.她有四十几岁了。也可以用形容词long来表示数量超过正常的数值。Five long miles五英里多Ten long years十多年He spoke for two long hours.他足足讲了两个多小时。“小于”或“少于”的表示法1）less than+数字；close to+数字；under/below+数字；almost/nearly+数字He appeared to be less than fifty years old.他看上去不到五十岁。There were close to fifty students in the classroom.教室里有近五十名学生。You can't reach there under two hours.你两个小时内不可能到达那里。The thermometer stood below 29.温度计指示的温度不到29度。It's almost three o'clock.差不多快三点了。比较这两句话的不同含义：It'll take less than an hour to get there.到那儿用不了一个钟头。She has no less than five daughters.她至少有五个女儿。2）数字+or lessA mile or less最多一英里She gave him twenty dollars or less.她最多给了他二十美元。大约数的表示法1）about/somewhere/somewhere around/round,approximately/roughly/more or less/some+数字He has been away for about ten day.他大约已经离开十天了。This temple was built somewhere around500 B.C.这座庙宇建于公元前五百年左右。There are approximately a hundred books on the shelf.书架上大约有一百本书。This tank can hold more or less twenty gallons of fuel.这只油箱可装20加仑左右的燃料。There are some forty or fifty people over there.那里大约有四五十人。She is somewhere in her thirties.她大约三十来岁。2）数字+or so/or thereabouts/more or less，数字+or+数字A month or so一个月左右Two or three years ago两三年前A hundred more or less一百上下A thousand or thereabouts一千左右At four o'clock or thereabouts大约四点钟Twenty or so miles/twenty miles or so二十英里左右3）逢十的基数词的所有格形式或其复数形式也可表示大约数（主要表示年龄或年代）You're sharpestin your 20's.你二十多岁时思维最敏捷。That was in the early forties.那是四十年代初的事。He is not yet out of his teens.他还不到二十岁。She isin her forties.她也就四十多岁。4）“基数词+ish”也表示大约数（主要用来表示时间和年龄）The old man is seventyish.老人大约七十岁。Come at tenish next Monday.下周一十点左右来吧。其他概数或总数表示法1）数字+to+数字，from+数字+to+数字，between+数字+and+数字，anywhere between/from+数字+and+数字，somewhere between+数字+and+数字Anywhere from forty to fifty minutes might have passed.大约过去了40到50分钟。They drank somewhere between 1.5 and 2 liters of milk every day.他们每天大约喝1.5升到2升牛奶。2）在多数情况下，可以用一个较短的破折号把两个阿拉伯数字连接起来表示介于两数之间The theory is described on page 25-35.关于该理论的说明见25到35页。（读作：on page 25 through 35）数词的一些特殊用法（一）表达编号编号可用序数词表示，序数词位于名词之前，并加定冠词，基数词位于名词之后。一般情况下，用基数词较常见。第556房间：Room 556，Room No. 556或the No. 556 Room18路公交车：Bus No. 18，Bus 18或the No. 18 Bus第6大街：Street No. 6或the No. 6 Street第8号：Number 8 （读作number eight，缩写为No. 8）第223页：Page 223 （读作：page two hundred and twenty-three）第9行：Line 9 （读作line nine或the ninth line）电话号码009-902-435-7334：Tel. No. 009-902-435-7334读作telephone number zero,zero,nine,（dash）,nine,zero,two,（dash）four,three,five,（dash）,seven,three,three,four邮政编码100089：postcode （或zip code）100089（二）表达年、月、日、年龄公元476年：476 B.C. （读作：four seven six B.C.或four seventy-six B.C.或four hundred seventy-six B.C.）公元381年：381 A.D.或A.D.381（读作three eighty-one A.D.或three hundred and eighty-one A.D.或three eight one A.D.）公元1990年：1900 （读作nineteen hundred）公元1908年：1908 （读作nineteen and eight或nineteen hundred and eight或one nine oh eight）2004年11月25日：November 25(th),2004或25(th) November,2004 （读作November (the) twenty-fifth,two thousand and four）在2004年12月22日：on December 22,2004在20世纪90年代：in the 1990s或in the 1990's在七岁时：at the age of seven,at seven,at age seven一个七岁的女孩：a girl who is seven,a girl who is seven years old,a girl aged seven,a seven-year-old girl,a girl of seven在表示时间时，汉语中常以“年、月、日”的顺序表示，而英语中常以“日、月、年”或“月、日、年”的顺序表示。2004年6月1日在英语中可写作：June 1,2004或1 June,2004或1/6/2004或1.6.2004.而在美式英语中也可写作6/1/2004或6.1.2004.在英语中月份的省略写法如下：January - Jan.February - Feb.March - Mar.April - Apr.May - MayJune - JuneJuly - JulyAugust - Aug.September - Sept.October - Oct.November - Nov.December - Dec.（三）表达时刻1）通用法8:21读作twenty-one past eight或eight twenty-one8:56读作four to nine或eight fifty-six8:30读作eight thirty或half past eight(at) seven o'clock （在）七点钟(at) 8 a.m. （在）上午八点钟在表达时刻时，如果在30分钟以内，可用past或half，9:25可读作twenty-five past nine或twenty-five after nine。如果超过30分钟，则用to或of，9:55可读作five to ten或five of ten。2）不同的时制表示时刻时英式英语和美式英语有些差异。6点15分的英式写法为6.15或06.15，常读作a quarter past six；美式写法为6:15或06:15，常读作six fifteen或fifteen after six。（四）表达币制1）英国的币制英国的币制表达如下：1 p 一便士（读作one penny或one p）10 p 十便士（读作ten pence或ten p）11.56 11英镑56便士（读作eleven pounds fifty-six pence）2）美国的币制美国的币制表达如下：1 一美分（读作one cent）10十美分（读作ten cents）$11.56 11美元56美分（读作eleven US dollars fifty-six cents,eleven USD dollars fifty-six或eleven fifty-six）