2021_2021学年新教材高中英语综合检测A卷课后训练含解析新人教版选择性第一册.docx

综合检测(A卷)(时间:90分钟满分:120分)第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A(2019河南濮阳高一上学期期末)Prague is cracking!My sister was right.It is one of Europes most popular tourist attractions,which has beautiful old buildings.Sofar,myfavourite place is Prague Castle.I think it is the largest ancient castle in the world.Prague also has a lot of cultural events,like the World Dance Festival.I went to a ballet(芭蕾舞剧) just last night.LilyIve come to Shanghai at the right time.It was exciting!There are many tourists there.It has some wonderful buildings from the 1930s.Yesterday was the Dragon Boat Festival.I went on a night cruise(乘船游览) of the Huangpu River last night.I met some great people on the boat,mostlyforeigners,like me.StanBuenos Aires is a fun city.Im staying near the mile-long shopping street called CalleFlorida.It is a great place to meet people and watch dancers perform the tango.Buenos Aires is the birthplace of the tango.I also spent a day in the suburb of Tigre.Its about 30 km from the capital,and you can get there quickly by train.However,I chose to take a boat on the canals of the Parana Delta.Melinda1.What can be learned according to Lily?A.Prague is a modern city.B.Prague is worth visiting.C.Prague is most famous for its ballet.D.Prague is the second largest ancient castle in the world.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“ItisoneofEuropesmostpopulartouristattractions,whichhasbeautifuloldbuildings.Sofar,myfavouriteplaceisPragueCastle.Ithinkitis.justlastnight.”可知,布拉格确实是欧洲最受欢迎的旅游景点之一,拥有既美丽又古老的建筑。到目前为止,“我”最喜欢的地方是布拉格城堡。这是Lily的描述,从中了解到布拉格是最受欢迎的景点之一,当然值得一游。故选B项。2.Both Stan and Melinda . A.took a boat tripB.saw a lot of old buildingsC.went to a festivalD.travelled by train答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“IwentonanightcruiseoftheHuangpuRiverlastnight.”和第四段中的“However,IchosetotakeaboatonthecanalsoftheParanaDelta.”可知,Stan和Melinda两人都是坐船游览的。故选A项。3.The passage is probably taken out of . A.a history bookB.a news reportC.a travel websiteD.a personal diary答案C解析推理判断题。文章以三个游历过景点的人的口吻介绍了三个著名的旅游景点,是一种广告推广,目的是叫更多的人去选择这些景点,它的受众是一般的浏览者,不具有专业性和私密性。故选C项。BAlexander Fleming was born in Scotland in 1881 and his parents were both farmers.He moved to London in 1895 and finished his basic education.Fleming entered the medical field in 1901,studying at St.Marys Hospital Medical School.While at St.Marys,he won the 1908 gold medal as the top medical student.A position at St.Marys Hospital led him to the then-new field of bacteriology(细菌学).During World War ,Fleming served in the Royal Army Medical Corps.At the time,antiseptics(抗菌剂) were commonly used.Fleming discovered that their destructive effects on the body were greater than their ability to break down harmful bacteria.Therefore,more soldiers were dying from antiseptic treatment than from bacterial harm.Fleming suggested that,for more effective treatment,wounds simply be kept dry and clean.However,his idea largely got ignored because of the difficult conditions.Returning to St.Marys after the war,in 1918,Fleming worked as the assistant director of St.Marys.In September 1928,Fleming returned to his lab after a month away with his family,and was surprised to notice that a type of bacteria he had left out had become polluted by a mold(霉菌).The bacteria surrounding this mold had been destroyed.Herealised that he discovered the worlds first bacteria killer.It was later named “penicillin”.Further development of penicillin was not a one-man operation,so Fleming employed two young researchers.Penicillin finally came into use during World War and Fleming won the Nobel Prize in 1945.4.What do we know about Fleming?A.He began to study medicine at the age of 14.B.He completed his basic education in Scotland.C.He had excellent performance while in college.D.He started his career due to his parents influence.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Flemingenteredthemedicalfieldin1901,.asthetopmedicalstudent.”可知,弗莱明1901年进入医学领域,在圣玛丽医学院学习。在圣玛丽医学院时,他在1908年以优秀医学生的身份获得金牌。由此可知,弗莱明在大学时表现出色,故选C项。5.What did Fleming find during World War ?A.The British army suffered from a lack of antiseptics.B.Few people wanted to study the field of bacteriology.C.Soldiers had limited knowledge of treating their wounds.D.Antiseptics did more harm than good to wounded soldiers.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Flemingdiscoveredthattheirdestructiveeffectsonthebodyweregreater.thanfrombacterialharm.”可知,弗莱明发现,它们对人体的破坏性影响远远大于它们分解有害细菌的能力。因此,死于抗菌剂的士兵比死于细菌伤害的士兵多。因此,在第一次世界大战中弗莱明发现抗菌剂对受伤的士兵弊大于利。故选D项。6.What does paragraph 4 imply?A.Fleming discovered penicillin quite by accident.B.Penicillin was Flemings first well-known discovery.C.Penicillin was later put into use by Flemings students.D.Fleming made a mistake while preparing for an operation.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第四段可知,1928年9月,弗莱明离开家一个月后回到实验室,惊讶地发现,他遗漏的一种细菌被霉菌污染了。这个霉菌周围的细菌已经被消灭了。他意识到他发现了世界上第一个细菌杀手,后来被命名为“盘尼西林”。由此判断出,第四段暗示弗莱明偶然发现了盘尼西林。故选A项。7.How does the author organise the text?A.By providing data.B.By giving examples.C.By making comparisons.D.By following time order.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“HemovedtoLondonin1895andfinishedhisbasiceducation.Flemingenteredthemedicalfieldin1901,studyingatSt.MarysHospitalMedicalSchool.WhileatSt.Marys,hewonthe1908goldmedalasthetopmedicalstudent.”和第二段中的“DuringWorldWar,FlemingservedintheRoyalArmyMedicalCorps.”及第三段中的“ReturningtoSt.Marysafterthewar,in1918.”以及第四段中的“InSeptember1928.”和最后一段中的“PenicillinfinallycameintouseduringWorldWarandFlemingwontheNobelPrizein1945.”可判断出,作者是按时间顺序组织文章的。故选D项。CJack Ma,whose Chinese name is Ma Yun,became the richest man in China,when the company he founded was floated on the stock market last year with a value of around 140 billion.Here are some interesting stories about him.1.“Beer”wasthefirstwordthatJackMasearchedforontheInternet.In 1995 Ma made his first trip to the US and used the Internet for the first time.After searching for “beer” and then “China”,he saw that no results came up relating to China.He decided to set up a Chinese websitethe seeds of Alibaba had been planted.2.JackMaappliedtostudyatHarvardUniversity10timesandwasrejected(拒绝)eachtime.Ma failed the entry exam for colleges in China three times and was also rejected by many jobs,includingKFC.He was turned down by Harvard University 10 times after applying.3.JackMalearntEnglishbygivingtouristsfreeguideseverydayfornineyears.Limited resources meant it was difficult to learn English when Ma was young.However,he found that he could learn the language by giving tourists free tours around his hometown,Hangzhou,which he did during his teenage years every morning for nine years.He found everything they said and did was so different from what he had been taught at school and by his parents,which opened his mind.4.JackManamedhiscompanyAlibababecauseitsagloballyknownstory.Ma simply wanted his company to have a global and interesting name,andrealised that Alibaba is a story known across the world and it begins with A,appearing at the top of lists.The company was founded in 1999 and since then has grown from 15 employees to more than 30,000.Ma hopes to keep expanding Alibaba outside of China.8.Ma Yun decided to set up a Chinese website when . A.he applied to Harvard UniversityB.he visited America for the first timeC.he began to learn EnglishD.he wanted to make a fortune答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段可知,1995年马云去美国的时候,使用网络搜索“beer”和“China”,他发现网络上没有与中国相关的内容,于是他决定设立一个中文网站。故选B项。9.Which of the following is not mentioned about Ma Yun in the passage?A.He took the entry exam for colleges three times.B.Some employers didnt offer him a job.C.Harvard University turned down his application for his poor English.D.He once wanted to work at KFC.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“HewasturneddownbyHarvardUniversity10timesafterapplying.”可知,文章只提及哈佛拒绝了马云十次,但是并没有说明拒绝的具体原因。故选C项。10.Ma Yuns experience of learning English tells us that . A.he is a man with strong willB.he made a lot of money as a guideC.he accepted the values of foreignersD.what he had been taught at school was wrong答案A解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“However,hefoundthathecouldlearnthelanguagebygivingtouristsfreehours.”可知,为了学习英语,马云连续九年免费给外国游客做导游。这足以说明他是一个意志坚定的人。故选A项。11.From the passage we can conclude that Ma Yun will . A.make more profits(利润) abroadB.settle in AmericaC.merge(合并) with other companiesD.expand his business in China答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“MahopestokeepexpandingAlibabaoutsideofChina.”可知,马云希望能够把阿里巴巴的业务开展到国外,赚外国人的钱。故选A项。DOrganic food,grown without artificial chemicals,is increasingly popular nowadays.Consumers have been willing to pay up to twice as much for goods with organic labels(商标).However,if you think paying a little more for organic food gets you a more nutritious and safer product,you might want to save your money.A study led by researchers at Stanford University says that organic products arent necessarily more nutritious,and theyre no less likely to suffer from disease-causing bacteria,either.The latest results,published in the AnnualsofInternalMedicine,suggest that buyers may be wasting their money.“We did not find strong evidence that organic food is more nutritious or healthier,” says Dr Crystal Smith-Spangler from Stanford.“So consumers shouldnt assume that one type of food has a lower risk or is safer.”For their new study,Smith-Spangler and her colleagues conducted a review of two categories of research,including 17 studies that compared health outcomes between consumers of organic against traditional food products,and 223 studies that analysed the nutritional content of the foods,including key vitamins,minerals and fats.While the researchers found little difference in nutritional content,they did find that organic fruit and vegetables were 20% less likely to have chemicals remaining on the surfaces.Neither organic nor traditional foods showed levels of chemicals high enough to go beyond food safety standards.And both organic and traditional meats,such as chicken and pork,were equally likely to be harmed by bacteria at very low rates.The researchers did find that organic milk and chicken contained higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids,a healthy fat also found in fish that can reduce the risk of heart disease.However,these nutritional differences were too small,and the researchers were unwilling to make much of them until further studies confirm the trends.Organic food is produced with fewer chemicals and more natural-growing practices,but that doesnt always translate into a more nutritious or healthier product.The US Department of Agriculture(USDA) states that “whether you buy organic or not,finding the freshest foods available may have the biggest effect on taste.” Fresh food is at least as good as anything marketed as organic.12.The new research questions whether organic food . A.should replace traditional foodB.has been overpriced by farmersC.is grown with less harmful chemicalsD.is really more nutritious and healthier答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“AstudyledbyresearchersatStandfordUniversitysaysthatorganicproductsarentnecessarilymorenutritious,and.bacteria,either.”可知,一项由斯坦福大学研究者们所做的研究表明,有机食物不一定更营养,它们在染上致病菌方面的可能性也不会小一些。可以看出,新研究是针对有机食物是否更营养和更健康方面提出质疑,故选D项。13.Smith-Spangler and her colleagues found that . A.organic food could reduce the risk of heart diseaseB.traditional food was grown with more natural methodsC.both organic and traditional food they examined were safeD.there was not a presence of any forms of bacteria in organic food答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的第二句可知,有机食品和传统食品一样,都符合食品安全标准,所以被检测的两种食物都是安全的。故选C项。14.Which of the following is relatively healthier according to the passage?A.Organic chicken and pork.B.Organic milk and chicken.C.Traditional chicken and pork.D.Traditional fruit and vegetables.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Theresearchersdidfindthatorganicmilkandchickencontainedhigherlevelsofomega-3fattyacids,ahealthyfat.heartdisease.”可知,研究人员发现有机牛奶和有机鸡肉含有一类较高的脂肪酸,这种脂肪酸可以降低患心脏病的风险,是健康的。故选B项。15.What is the authors attitude toward organic food?A.Skeptical.B.Neutral.C.Unconcerned.D.Approving.答案A解析推理判断题。作者在第一段提出人们不值得花过多的钱去买有机食品,以及最后一段引用USDA美国农业部的观点“.whetheryoubuyorganicfoodornot,findingthefreshestfoodsavailablemayhavethebiggesteffectontaste.”和最后一句“Freshfoodisatleastasgoodasanythingmarketedasorganic.”可看出作者是持怀疑的态度。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyone wants to achieve happiness and smile.16 How do we find real happiness and smile?By getting rich?In case you are scratching your head,looking for some reasons or ideas to be happy.Here are a few. 1.Throwanimpromptu(即兴的)party.17 An impromptu one increases the joy to a new level.And of course making other people happy is bound to have the same effect on you. 2.Treatyourself.Sometimes all it takes to make one happy is a little indulgence(放纵).So,go ahead and grab a cup of coffee and sit inside a blanket with a good book!You will be surprised at how happy it makes you.3.18 Happiness can be transformed!When we feel happy and excited,it can lift the spirits of others.Your simple gesture can transform a persons day and get him or her prepared to take on any challenge. 4.Haveaconversationwithaparent.If you are like most kids,you possibly spend more time texting or surfing the Internet than talking to your family.19You will be surprised at the feeling of joy that it brings to you. 5.Finally,dontforgettobehappyeveryday!While International Day of Happiness may come about only once a year,happiness is around you all day and night.20 A.You just have to seek it out and grab it.B.Most of your family members show no interest in texting or the Internet.C.But life is hard,so it is very difficult to find real happiness and smile.D.Be friendly to others and smile at a stranger.E.Set aside your mobile phone for a few minutes and have a chat with a family member.F.You should try to celebrate the Day of Happiness every day and everywhere.G.Nothing makes people happier than being invited to a party.答案1620 CGDEA第二部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(2019黑龙江双鸭山第一中学高一上学期期末)Jason,ourson,was born with cerebral palsy(大脑性瘫痪).My wife and I often encouraged him as he 21 many challenges in his early years.It was 22 to see him regularly chosen last for baseball,but his most 23 time came when he began high school. One afternoon,Jason returned home in24and shouted:“Im never going to school again!” He was 25 with food that other kids had 26 him on the school bus on the way home.Jason later told us what had 27. A few days earlier,Jason had28up for the school running team.Thatday,a few older students made 29 of his performance on the track and threw food at him.I called the headmaster about the 30,and it never happened again. One day,as the other kids exercised in the gym,they31 one lonely runnerJason jogging around the snow-cove