2020.7英语六级真题.doc

2020年7月大学英语六级考试真题试卷Part IWriting(30 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试Directions: For this pari，you are allowed 30 nimutes to write an essay on the saying Thebest preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. You should write at least 150words but no more than 200 words.Part IIListening Comprehension(30 minutes)Section ADirections: hi this section, you will hear two lon conversations. Ar the end of each comber-sat ion ,you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from thefour choices marked A) , C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.L A) She is a great athlete.C) She is a famous scientist.B ) She is a famed speaker.D) She is a noted inventor.2. A) I Jo w knowledge of human biochemistry has been evolving.B ) How nutrition helps athletes' performance in competitions.C) How scientific training enables alhletes (o set new records.D) How technology has helped atliletes to scale new heights.3. A) Our physical structures.C)Our biochemical process.B) Our scientific knowledge.D) Our concept of nutrition.4. A) It may increase die expenses of sports competitions._B>It may lead to atlilctes' over reliance on equipment.C) t may give an unfair advantage to some athletes.D) It may change tlie nature of sports competitions.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A)Experience.C)Family background.B ) Flexibility.D) Business connections.6. A) Buying directly from factories.B ) Sliipping goods iu bulk by sea.C) Having partners in many parts of the world.D) Using the same container back and fortli.7. A) Warehouses.C) Investors.2020.7第1页/共38页B') Factories.8. A)Trendy style.B) Unique design.Section BD) Retailers.C) Lower import duties.D) Lower shipping costs.Directions：/?! this section, you will hear two passages. At the etui of each passage, you wi/lhear three or four questions. Both the passage arui the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA) , B) , C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a singleline through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Il helps employees to reduce iheir stress.B) It prevents employees from feeling bored.C) It strengthens harmony among employees.D) It helps employees to view things positively.10. A) Weekends are conducive to reducing stress.B ) Humor is vital to interpersonal relationships.C) All workers experience some emotional stress.D) Humor can help workers excel at routine tasks.11. A) Smash the toys to release their bottled-up resentments.B) Take the boss doll apart as long as they reassemble it.C) Design and install stress-reducing gadgets.T) Strike at the boss doll as hard as they like.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A)The recent finding of a change-d gene in obese mice.B) A breakihrough in understanding gene modification.C) A newly discovered way for people to lose weight.D) The self-repairing ability of a gene in obese mice.13. A)It renders an organism unable to fight diseases.B) Tt prevents the mices fatty tissues from growing.C) It helps organisms adapt to environmental changes.D) It renders mice unable to sense when to stop catiug.14. A)IIumaTi beings have more obesity genes than most mice do.B) Half of a person's total weight variation can be controlled.C) People are born with a tendency to have a certain weight.D) The function of the obesity genes is yet to be explored.15. A) The worsening of natural environment.B) The abundant provision of rich foods.C) The accelerated pace of present-day life.D) The adverse impact of the food industry.2020. 7第2页/共38页Section CDirections ：/« this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed bythree or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A)Similarity in interests.B ) Mental stimulation.17. A)The willingness to offer timely help.B)The joy found in each other's company.18. A)Failure to keep a promise.B ) Lack of frankness.C) Openness.D) Compassion.C) Personal bonds.D) Emotional factors.C) Feelings of betrayal.D) Loss of contact.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Along the low lying Colorado River.B) At the Dinosaur National Monument.C) Along the border of the U. S. and Canada.D) At museums of nalural histoiy in large cities.20. A) Volcanic explosions could bring whole animal species to extinction.B) Some natural disaster killed a whole herd of dinosaurs in the area.C) The pit should be carefully preserved for the study of dinosaurs.D) The whole region must have been struck by a devastating flood.21. A) They floated down an eastward flowing river.B) They lay buried deep in the sand for millions of years.C) They were skeletons of dinosaurs inliabiting the locality.D) They were remains of dinosaurs killed in a volcanic explosion.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Indulging in seeking leisure and material comfort.B) Attaching too much importance to independence.C) Failing to care lor parents in the irailitional way.D) Leaving (heir parents on the verge of starvation.23. A)They have great difficulty living by themselves.B) 1'hey have little hope of getting any family care.C) They have fond memories of their good old days.D) They have a sense of independence and autonomy.24. A) People in many parts of the world preferred small-size faniilies.B) l here have been extended families in most parts of the world.C) Many elderly people were unwilling to take care of their grandchiklren.D) So many young Americans refused to live togctlicr with their parents.25. A)Leave their younger generations alone.B) Avoid being a burden lo their children.C) Stay healthy by engaging in joyftil activities.D) View things Itohi their children's perspective.2020. 7笫3页/共38页Part HIReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections ：7/z this section, there, is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select oneword for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter far each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank morethan once.The United Nations issued a repon last week warning that humans are destroying natureat such a rate that life on Earth is at risk. When the report came out, it naturally 26headlines. But obviously it didnt hijack the news agenda in the inamier of a major terroristattack or 27 of war.The report irom the Iniergoveniniental Science Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services ( LPBES) is clear on what's at 28 and what needs to change. IPBESchair Robert Watson says the*4 29 evidence'' presents an(凶$匕的)picLure.“The health of ecosystems on which we and all other species depend is 30 more rapidlythan ever, ” Robert Watson said. “We are 31 Lhe verv foundations of our economies, live-lihoods, food security, health and quality of life worldwide. ” The report says it's not too late ifwe make*' transformative change” 一 fundamental, system-wide reorganization - at every levelfrom local to global, and we need to locus on how to make that happen.First, don't indulge in despair, because despair leads to inertia and doing nothing meanscertain 32 . Every action to save nature will improve our collective and personal futuresand the only way to respond to a threat of this scale is with 33 action rooted in headstrongoptimism. Second, we need relentless focus, just like when paramedics(救护人员)arrive on ascene and use the concept of “ triage (伤员整另U 分类) to ensure the most 34 cases gettreated first. Saving the natural world needs that kind of thinking. We dont have the 35 todo everything at once. We need to make hard choices.A ) capacityT ) junctionB ) declarationJ ) monotonousC) deterioratingK) overwhelmingE) determinedL ) stagnationE ) disasLerM ) stakeF ) erodingN) stifledG) grabbed0 ) urgentH) inventory2020. 7第4页/共38页Section BDirections: In this section, you are goin to read a passage with ten statements attached toit. Each stcuement coniaitis infonnation iven in one of the paragraphs. Identify the para-graph from which the mformation is de lived. You may' choose a paragraph more thanonce. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corre.-spcnuiin letter on Answer Sheet 2.Children Understand Far More About Otlier Minds Than Long Believed:A: Until a few decades ago, scholars believed that young children know very little, ifanything, about what others are thinking. Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget, who is credifedwith founding the scientific study of childrcifs thinking，was convinced tliat preschool chil-dren cannot consider what goes oil in the minds of others. The interviews and experiments hoconducted with kids in the middle of the 20 th century suggested th al they were trapped intheir subjective viewpoints, incapable of imagining what others think, feel or believe.B1 Much of the subsequent research oil early childhood thinking was liighly influencedby Piagefs ideas. Scholars sought to refine his theory and empirically conlirin his views. Butit became increasingly clear that Piaget seemed to have gravely underestimated the intellectualpowers of very young kids before they call make themselves understood by speech. Research-ers began to devise ever more ingenious ways of figuring out what goes on in the minds ofbabies, and die resulting picture of their abilities shows subtle variations. Consequently, theold view of children's egocentric （内我中心 勺）nature and intellectual weaknesses has in-creasingly fallen out of favor and become replaced by a more generous position that sees a bud-ding sense not only of the physical world but. also of other minds, even in the u youngestyoung. C J Historically, children didn't receive much respect for their mental powers. Piaget notonly believed that children were*" egocentric?，in the sense that they were unable to differentiatebetween their own viewpoint and that of others； he was also convinced that their thinking wascharacterized by systematic errors and confusions. When playing with others, they don't cooper-ate because they do not realize tliere are different roles and perspectives. He was convinced thatchildren literally cannot “get their art logether*': instead of playing cooperatively and tnily to-gether, they play side by side, with little regard for others. And when speaking with others, ayoung child supposedly cannot consider the listener's viewpoint but“ talks to himself without lis-tening to others. ”）1 Piaget and his followers maintained that children go through something like a darkage of intellectual development before slowly and gradually becoming enlightened by reason aridrationality as they reach school age. Alongside this enlightenment develops an ever growing un-derstanding of other persons， including their attitudes and views of the world.E Today，a very different picture of children s mental development emerges. Psycholo-gists continually reveal new insights into the depth of young children's knowledge of the world,including their understanding of other minds. Recent studies suggest that even infante are sensi-tive to others' perspectives and beliefs.F Part of the motivation to revise some of Piaget's conclusions stemmed from an ideo-2020.7第5页/共38页logical shift about the origin of human knowledge that occurred in the second half of the 20thcentury. Il became increasingly unpopular to assume that a basic understanding of the world canbe built entirely from experience. This was in parL pronipLed by llieorist Noam Chomsky, whoargued that something as complex as the rules o£ grammar cannot be picked up from exposure tospeech, but is supplied hy an inborn “language faculty. ”Others followed suit and defined fur-ther *core areas*' in which knowledge allegedly cannot, be pieced together from experience butmust be possessed at birth. One such area is our knowledge o£ others' minds. Some even arguethat a basic knowledge of others' minds is not only possessed by human infants, but must be ev-olutionai*ily old and hence shared hy our nearesl living relatives, the great, apes.G To prove that infants know more in this realm than had been acknowledged, re-searchers needed to come up with innovative ways of showing it. A big part o£ why we now rec-ognize so much more of kids' intellcchial capacities is the development of much more sensitiveresearch tools than Piaget had at his disposal.H1 Instead of engaging babies in dialog or having them execute complex motor tasks,the newer methods capitalize on behaviors that have a firm place in infants' natural behaviorreperloire: looking, listening, sucking, making facial expressions, gesLutes and simple manualactions. The idea of focusing on these "* small behaviors ' is that tliey give kids the chance todemonstrate their knowledge implicitly and spontaneously without having to respond toquestions or instructions. For example, children might look longer aL ail evenL LhaL they did noLexpect to happen, or they might show facial expressions indiealiiig LhaL they have sympalhelicconcern for others. When researchers measure these less demanding, and often involuntary,behaviors, they can detect a sensitivity Io others mental states at a much younger age than withLhe more taxing methods LhaL Piaget and his followers deployed.Ij In the 1980s, these kinds of implicit measures became customary in developmentalpsychology. But it took a while longer before these tools were employed to measure children'sgrasp of the mental lives of others.j In a set of experiments, my colleagues at the University o£ Soutliern Calii'omia and Ifound evidence that babies can even anticipate how others will feel when their expectations aredisappointed. Wfi acted oul several puppet (木偶)shows