中国劳动法英文版知识分享.doc

Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。中国劳动法英文版-LABOURLAWOFTHEPEOPLE'SREPUBLICOFCHINAISSUED:AdoptedatheEighthMeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheEighthNationalPeople'sCongressonJuly5,1994,promulgatedbyOrderNo.28ofthePresidentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonJuly5,1994,andeffectiveasofJanuary1,1995-ContentsChapter1GeneralProvisionsChapter2PromotionofEmploymentChapter3LabourContractsandCollectiveContractsChapter4WorkingHours,RestsandLeavesChapter5WagesChapter6LabourSafetyandSanitationChapter7SpecialProtectionforFemaleStaffandWorkersandJuvenileWorkersChapter8VocationalTrainingChapter9SocialInsuranceandWelfareChapter10LabourDisputesChapter11SupervisionandInspectionChapter12LegalResponsibilitiesChapter13SupplementaryProvisionsChapter1GeneralProvisionsArticle1ThisLawisherebyformulatedinaccordancewiththeConstitutioninordertoprotectthelegitimaterightsandinterestsoflabourers,readjustlabourrelationship,establishandsafeguardthelaboursystemsuitingthesocialistmarketeconomy,andpromoteeconomicdevelopmentandsocialprogress.Article2ThisLawappliestoenterprises,individually-ownedeconomicorganisations(hereinafterreferredtoastheemployer)andlabourerswhoformalabourrelationshipwiththemwithintheboundaryofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.Statedepartments,institutionalorganisationsandsocialgroupsandlabourerswhoformalabourrelationshipwiththemshallfollowthisLaw.Article3Labourershavetherighttobeemployedonanequalbasis,chooseoccupations,obtainremunerationsforlabour,takerests,haveholidaysandleaves,receivelaboursafetyandsanitationprotection,gettraininginprofessionalskills,enjoysocialinsuranceandwelfaretreatment,andsubmitapplicationsforsettlementoflabourdisputes,andotherlabourrightsstipulatedbylaw.Labourersshallfulfiltheirtasksoflabour,improvetheirprofessionalskills,followrulesonlaboursafetyandsanitation,observelabourdisciplineandprofessionalethics.Article4Theemployershallestablishandperfectrulesandregulationsinaccordancewithlawandguaranteethatlabourersenjoylabourrightandfulfilllabourobligations.Article5TheStateshalltakevariousmeasurestopromoteemployment,developvocationaleducation,formulatelabourstandards,regulatesocialincomes,perfectsocialinsurance,coordinatelabourrelationships,andgraduallyraisethelivingleveloflabourers.Article6TheStateshalladvocatelabourers'participationinsocialvoluntarylabour,labourcompetition,andactivitiesofforwardingrationalproposals;encourageandprotectlabourersinscientificresearch,technicalrenovation,andinvention;andcommendandawardlabourmodelsandadvancedworkers.Article7Labourersshallhavetherighttoparticipateinandorganizetradeunionsinaccordancewithlaw.Tradeunionsshallrepresentandsafeguardthelegitimaterightsandinterestsoflabourers,andstageactivitiesindependentlyinaccordancewithlaw.Article8Labouersshalltakepartindemocraticmanagementthroughworkers'congress,workers'representativeassembly,oranyotherformsinaccordancewithlaw,orconsultwiththeemployeronanequalfootingaboutprotectionofthelegitimaterightsandinterestsoflabourers.Article9ThelabourmanagementdepartmentundertheStateCouncilshalltakechargeofthemanagementoflabourofthewholecountry.Localpeople'sgovernmentsabovethecountylevelshalltakechargeofthemanagementoflabourinareasundertheirjurisdiction.Chapter2PromotionofEmploymentArticle10TheStateshallcreateemploymentconditionsandexpandemploymentopportunitiesthroughpromotionofeconomicandsocialdevelopment.TheStateshallencourageenterprises,institutionalorganisations,andsocialgroupstostartindustriesorexpandbusinesseswithinthescopeallowedbystipulationsoflawsandadministrativedecreesforthepurposeofincreasingemployment.TheStateshallsupportlabourerstoorganizeandemploythemselvesonavoluntarybasisandtogetemployedinindividualbusinesses.Article11Localpeople'sgovernmentsatvariouslevelsshalltakemeasurestodevelopvariouskindsofjobagenciesandprovideemploymentservices.Article12Labourersshallnotbediscriminatedagainstinemploymentduetotheirnationality,race,sex,orreligiousbelief.Article13Womenshallenjoyequalrightsasmeninemployment.SexshallnotbeusedasapretextforexcludingwomenfromemploymentduringrecruitmentofworkersunlessthetypesofworkorpostsforwhichworkersarebeingrecruitedarenotsuitableforwomenaccordingtoStateregulations.Norshallthestandardsofrecruitmentberaisedwhenitcomestowomen.Article14Anyspecialstipulationsinlawsandregulationsabouttheemploymentofthedisabled,minoritypeople,anddemobilizedsoldiersshallbeobserved.Article15Theemployershallbebannedfromrecruitingjuvenilesundertheageof16.Art,sportsandspecial-skillunitsthatplantorecruitjuvenilesundertheageof16shallgothroughexaminationandapprovalproceduresaccordingtorelevantStateregulationsandguaranteetherightoftheemployedtoreceivecompulsoryeducation.Chapter3LabourContractsandCollectiveContractsArticle16Labourcontractsareagreementsreachedbetweenlabourersandtheemployertoestablishlabourrelationshipsandspecifytherights,interestsandobligationsofeachparty.Labourcontractsshallbeconcludediflabourrelationshipsaretobeestablished.Article17Conclusionandalterationoflabourcontractsshallfollowtheprincipleofequality,voluntariness,andagreementthroughconsultation.Theyshallnotruncountertostipulationsinlawsoradministrativedecrees.Labourcontractsshallbecomelegallybindingoncetheyareconcludedinaccordancewithlaw.Thepartiesinvolvedshallfulfilobligationsstipulatedinlabourcontracts.Article18Thefollowinglabourcontractsshallbeinvalid;(1)Labourcontractsconcludedagainstlawsoradministrativedecrees;(2)Labourcontractsconcludedthroughcheating,threat,oranyothermeans.Invalidlabourcontractsshallnotbelegallybindingfromtheverybeginningoftheirconclusion.Ifalabourcontractisconfirmedasbeingpartiallyinvalid,theotherpartsshallbevalidifthepartsthatareinvaliddonotaffectthevalidityoftheseotherparts.Theinvalidityofalabourcontractshallbeconfirmedbyalabourdisputearbitrationcommitteeorapeople'scourt.Article19Labourcontractsshallbeconcludedinwrittenformandcontainthefollowingclauses:(1)Timelimitofthelabourcontract;(2)Contentofwork;(3)Labourprotectionandlabourconditions;(4)Labourremunerations;(5)Labourdisciplines;(6)Conditionsfortheterminationofthelabourcontract;(7)Liabilitiesforviolationsofthelabourcontract.Apartfromthenecessaryclausesspecifiedintheprecedingclause,thepartiesinvolvedcanincludeintheirlabourcontractsothercontentsagreeduponbythemthroughconsultation.Article20Thetimelimitsoflabourcontractsshallbedividedintofixedandflexibletimelimitsandtimelimitsforthecompletionofcertainamountofwork.Labourcontractswithflexibletimelimitsshallbeconcludedbetweenthelabourersandtheemployeriftheformerrequestfortheconclusionoflabourcontractswithflexibletimelimitsafterworkingcontinuouslywiththeemployerformorethen10yearsandwithagreementbetweenbothofthepartiesinvolvedtoprolongtheircontracts.Article21Probationperiodscanbeagreeduponinlabourcontracts.Theseprobationperiodsshallnot,however,exceedsixmonthsatthelongest.Article22Thepartiesinvolvedinalabourcontractcanreachagreementsintheirlabourcontractsonmattersconcerningthekeepingofthecommercialsecretsoftheemployer.Article23Labourcontractsshallterminateupontheexpirationoftheirtimelimitsortheoccurrenceoftheconditionsagreeduponinlabourcontractsbythepartiesinvolvedforterminatingthesecontracts.Article24Labourcontractscanberevokedwithagreementreachedbetweenthepartiesinvolvedthroughconsultation.Article25Theemployercanrevokelabourcontractsshouldanyoneofthefollowingcasesoccurwithitslabourers:(1)Whentheyareprovedduringprobationperiodstobeunqualifiedforemployment;(2)Whentheyseriouslyviolatelabourdisciplinesortherulesorregulationsoftheemployer;(3)Whentheycausegreatlossestotheemployerduetoseriousderelictionofdutiesorengagementinmalpracticesforselfishends;(4)Whentheyarebroughttoholdcriminalresponsibilitiesinaccordancewithlaw.Article26Theemployercanrevokelabourcontractsshouldanyoneofthefollowingcasesoccur,withitslabourerstobenotified,inwrittenform,ofsuchrevocationin30days'advance:(1)Thelabourerscanneithertakeuptheiroriginaljobsnoranyotherkindsofnewjobsassignedbytheemployeraftercompletionofmedicaltreatmentfortheirillnessesorinjuriesnotsufferedduringwork;(2)Thelabourersareincompetentattheirjobsandremainassoevenaftertrainingorafterreadjustingtheworkposts;(3)Noagreementsonaalterationoflabourcontractscanbereachedthroughconsultationbetweenandbythepartiesinvolvedwhenmajorchangestakingplaceintheobjectiveconditionsservingasthebasisoftheconclusionofthesecontractspreventthembeingimplemented.Article27Incaseitbecomesamustfortheemployertocutdownthenumberofworkforceduringtheperiodoflegalconsolidationwhenitcomestothebrinkofbankruptcyorwhenitrunsdeepintodifficultiesinbusiness,theemployershallexplainthesituationtoitstradeunionorallofitsemployees30daysinadvance,solicitopinionsfromitstradeunionortheemployees,andreporttothelabouradministrativedepartmentbeforeitmakessuchcuts.IftheemployercutsitsstaffaccordingtostipulationsinthisArticleandthenseeksrecruitswithinsixmonths,itshallfirstrecruitthosethathavebeencut.Article28TheemployershallmakeeconomiccompensationsinaccordancewithrelevantStateregulationsifitrevokeslabourcontractsaccordingtostipulationsinArticle24,Article26andArticle27ofthisLaw.Article29TheemployershallnotrevokelabourcontractsinaccordancewithstipulationsinArticle26andArticle27ofthisLawshouldanyoneofthefollowingcasesoccurwithitslabourers:(1)Thosewhoareconfirmedtohavetotallyorpartiallylosttheirlabourabilityduetooccupationaldiseasesorwork-relatedinjuries;(2)Thosewhoarereceivingtreatmentfortheirdiseasesorinjuriesduringprescribedperiodoftime;(3)Womenemployeesduringpregnancy,puerperium,andnursingperiods;(4)Otherscasesstipulatedbylawsandadministrativedecrees.Article30Thetradeunionshallhavetherighttoairitsopinionsifitregardsasinappropriatetherevocationofalabourcontractbytheemployer.Iftheemployerviolateslaws,regulationsorlabourcontracts,itstradeunionshallhavetherighttoaskforhandlingthecaseanew.Iflabourersapplyforarbitrationorraiselawsuits,thetradeunionshallrendersupportandhelpinaccordancewithlaw.Article31Labourersplanningtorevokelabourcontractsshallgiveawrittennoticetotheiremployerin30days'advance.Article32Labourerscannotify,atanytime,theiremployeroftheirdecisiontorevokelabourcontractsinanyoneofthefollowingcases:(1)Duringtheirperiodsofprobation;(2)Iftheyareforcedtoworkbytheemployerthroughmeansofviolence,threatordeprivalofpersonalfreedominviolationoflaw;(3)Failureonthepartoftheemployertopaylabourremunerationsortoprovidelabourconditionsasagreeduponinlabourcontracts.Article33Theemployeesofanenterpriseasonepartymayconcludeacollectivecontractwiththeenterpriseasanotherpartyonlabourrenumerations,workhours,restsandleaves,laboursafetyandsanitation,insurance,welfaretreatment,andothermatters.Thedraftcollectivecontractshallbesubmittedtotheworkers'representativeassemblyoralltheemployeesfordiscussionandpassage.Collectivecontractsshallbesignedbyandbetweenthetradeuniononbehalfoftheemployeesandtheemployer.Inanenterprisethathasnotyetsetupatradeunion,suchcontractsshallbesignedbyandbetweenrepresentativesrecommendedbyworkersandtheenterprise.Article34Labourcontractsshallbereportedtolabouradministrativedepartmentsaftertheirconclusion.Labourcontractsshalltakeeffectautomaticallyifnoobjectionsareraisedbytheselabouradministrativedepartmentswithin15daysaftertheyarereceived.Article35Labourcontractsconcludedinaccordancewithlawshallhebindingonboththeenterpriseandallofitsemployees.Thestandardsonlabourconditionsandlabourpaymentsagreeduponinlabourcontractsconcludedbetweenindividuallabourersandtheirenterprisesshallnotbelowerthanthosestipulatedincollectivecontracts.Chapter4WorkingHours,Rests,andLeavesArticle36TheStateshallpractiseaworkinghoursystemwhereinlabourersshallworkfornomorethaneighthoursadayandnomorethan44hoursaweekontheaverage.Article37Incaseoflabourersworkingonthebasisofpiecework,theemployershallrationallyfixquotasofworkandstandardsofpieceworkremunerationinaccordancewiththeworkinghoursystemstipulatedinArticle36ofthisLaw.Article38Theemployershallguaranteethatitslabourershaveatleastonedayoffaweek.Article39IfanenterprisecannotfollowthestipulationsinArticle36andArticle38ofthisLawduetospecialcharacteristicsofitsproduction,itmayfollowotherrulesonworkandrestwiththeapprovalbylabouradministrativedepartments.Article40Theemployershallarrangerestsforlabourersinaccordancewithlawduringthefollowingholidays:(1)TheNewYear'sDay;(2)TheSpringFestival;(3)TheInternationalLabourDay;(4)TheNationalDay;(5)Otherholidaysstipulatedbylawsandregulations.Article41Theemployercanprolongworkhoursduetoneedsofproductionorbusinessesafterconsultationwithitstradeunionandlabourers.Theworkhourstobeprolonged,ingeneral,shallbenolongerthanonehouraday,ornomorethanthreehoursadayifsuchprolongingiscalledforduetospecialreasonsandundertheconditionthatthephysicalhealthoflabourersisguaranteed.Theworktimetobeprolongedshallnotexceed,however,36hoursamonth.Article42TheprolongingofworkhoursshallnotbesubjecttorestrictionsofstipulationsofArticle41ofthisLawinanyoneofthefollowingcases:(1)Needforemergencytreatmentduringoccurrenceofnaturaldisasters,accidentsorotherreasonsthatthreatenthelife,healthorpropertysafetyoflabourers;(2)Needfortimelyrush-repairofproductionequipment,transportationlinesorpublicfacilitiesthathavegoneoutoforderandasaresultaffectproductionandpublicinterests;(3)Othercasesstipulatedinlawsandadministrativedecrees.Article43TheemployershallnotprolongtheworkhoursoflabourersinviolationofthestipulationsofthisLaw.Article44Theemployershallpaylabourersmorewageremunerationsthanthosefornormalworkaccordingtothefollowingstandardsinanyoneofthefollowingcases:(1)Wagepaymentstolabourersnolessthan150percentoftheirwagesifthelabourersareaskedtoworklongerhours;(2)Wagepaymentstolabourersnolessthan200percentoftheirwagesifnorestcanbearrangedafterwardsforthelabourersaskedtoworkondaysofrest;(3)Wagepaymentstolabourersnolessthan300percentoftheirwagesifthelabourersareaskedtoworkonlegalholidays.Article45TheStatefollowsthesystemofannualleaveswithpay.Labourersshallbeentitledtoannualleaveswithpayafterworkingformorethanoneyearcontinuously.SpecificrulesonthisshallbeworkedoutbytheStateCouncil.Chapter5WagesArticle46Distributionofwagesshallfollowtheprincipleofdistributionaccordingtoworkandequalpayforequalwork.Thelevelofwagesshallberaisedgraduallyonthebasisofeconomicdevelopment.TheStateshallexercisemacroregulationandcontrolovertotalpayrolls.Article47TheemployershallfixitsformofwagedistributionandwagelevelonitsownandinaccordancewiththisLawaccordingtothecharacteristicsofitsproductionandbusinessesandeconomicefficiency.Article48TheStateshallimplementasystemofguaranteedminimumwages.Specificstandardsonminimumwagesshallbestipulatedbyprovincial,autonomousregionalandmunicipalpeople'sgovernmentsandreportedtotheStateCouncilforregistration.Theemployershallpaylabourerswagesnolowerthanlocalstanda