上海交通大学-博士入学考试试题-英语-2001年春说课材料.doc

Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。上海交通大学-博士入学考试试题-英语-2001年春-二OO一年春季博士生入学考试试题(Time:180minutes)序号：A145试题名称：英语PartLListeningComprehension(25)SectionA:SpotDictationDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtohearapassage.Thepassagewillhereadonlyonce.Asyoulistentothepassage,fillintheblankswiththewordsyouhear.Afterthepassage,therewillbea3-minutepause.Duringthepause,youmustwritethewordsontheAnswerSheet.Arecentuniversityresearchprojectinvestigatedtheattitudesofpostgraduatesciencestudents(1)thelearningofEnglishvocabulary.Theresultswereurprising.I'll(2)threeofthem.firstly,mostofthestcrdeaatsthinkthat(3)everywordillEnglishhasjustonemeaning.Thisis,ofcourse:,completely(4)tothefacts.AglanceatanyEnglishdictionarywillshowthis.Thestudentwill(5)findsevenoreightmeaningslistedfor(6)'simple'words.Whv,then,havethesestudentsmadesuchamistake:'Onereasonirnaybethatthey're.ill(7).students.Scientiststrytousewordsilltheirspecialsubjectwhichhaveonemeaning,andonemeaningonly.Anotherreason.,ofcourse,couldbethewayinWhiChtheseStudent,WereTheymayhaveusedvocabularylistswhentheyfirstlearner!L:nglish.(MonesideofthepageisthewordinIaaglish-,ontheothersloe,asingleti'ordinthe(Q)nativelanguage.'l°hesecondattitudethat(10)fromthefindingsisequallymistaken.(11).,._.allthestudentsthinkthateverywordinEnglishhasanexact(12)-._._equivalent.Again,thisisfarfromthetrijth.SometimesonewordinIinglishcanonlybetranslatedbya(13)_._.W_.inthestudent'snativelanguialc."thereareother(l4)illtranslationwhichwewon'tmentionhere.(:ertainlytheideaofaonewordforonewordtranslation(15)_._-._.iscompletelyfalse.Translationmachines,whichtriedtoworkonthis(16failedcompletely.Thethirdresult'oftheinvestigationshowedanother(17)inthestudents'thinking.Theybelievethatassoonastheyknowthemeaningofaword,they'reina(18)_touseitcorrectly.Thisisuntrueforanylanguagebutisperhapsparticularly(19)-forEnglish.Thestudenthastolearnwhentouseawordaswellastoknowwhatitmeans.SomewordsinEnglishmeanalmostthesamebuttheycanonlybeusedincertainsituations.What,then,isthebestwaytoincreaseone'svocabulary?Thiscanbeansweredinthreewords-observation,(20)-.andrepetition.SectionB:MultipleChoiceDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassage.Attheendofthepassage,youwillhearSquestions.Thepassageandthequestionwillbereadonlyonce.Aftereachquestion,therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandDanddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenwriteyourchoiceontheAnswerSlicet.21.A)IthadnoefFectonlivingcells.13)Ithadeffectsonlivingcells.C)Ithadeffectsonlyonchildren.I)Ithadeffectsonlyonadults.22.A)Anincreasingnumberofcancersinchildren.I3)Alinkbetweenanelectriccurrentandtheenergyfold.C)Acausallinkbetweenthepower-lineordeviceandtheenergyfield.1)ASmallincreasedchanceofcancerinchildrenlivingnearelectricpower-line.23.A)446.13)464.C)223.1)234.24.A)Becausehedoesn'thaveenoughevidence.R)Becauseotherscientistshavenotstudiedhisresultsyet.C.)Becausehediscoverednodirectlinkbetweendiseaseandelectricity.D)Becausethelinkbetweencancerandelectricityhasnotyetbeenproved.25.A)Healthandenvironment.B)Electriccurrentandtheenergyfield.C)Electricityandcancer.D)Electricalworkersandcancer.SectionC:QuestionandAnswerDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassage.Thepassagewillbereadonlyonce.Thentrytoanswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.RememberyoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.26.Whyaren'tmostnewdoctorsinterestedinbeginningworkinasmalltown?27.Whydomanysmalltowndoctorsworklonghours?28.WhatisthegrowingproblemintheUnitedStates?29.HowmanynewdoctorsdidtheNationalHealthServiceCorpsproducein1979?30.WhomdidahospitalinParkerspraryofferarewardo5,000dollarto?Part11.Vocabulary(20%),Directions:Ineachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.WriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.31.Toqualifyforsuchaposition,thenativewouldfirsthavetoreceivespecializedtraining,andthisisA)refusedB)discouragedC)deniedD)forbidden32.Thelittlegirlworeaverythincoat.AsuddengustofcoldwindmadeherA)whirlB)shiftC)shiverD)shake33.Presently,therearenineteachersinmyteam,whohavethetaskofteachingadvancedEnglishtomorethan500non-Englishmajors.A)inclinedB)hesitatedC)affordedD)undertaken34.Thepressdemandsthatpoliticiansthesourcesoftheirincome.A)betrayB)concealC)discloseD)renew35.Havinggonethroughallkindsofhardshipsinlife,hebecameamwithastrongA)philosophyB)idealismC)moralityD)personality36.Onenewtolearningaforeignlanguageistostudythelanguageinitsculturalcontext.A)approachB)solutionC)mannerD)road37.Tomaintainpublicisnotonlythepolicemen'sdutybutfeverycitizen'sresponsibility.A)customB)confidenceC)securityD)simplicity38.Allwasdarkinthedistrictexceptforacandlethroughthcurtainsinoneofhouses.A)glimmeringB)glitteringC)flamingD)blazing39.Oneofthestandsanddozensofpeoplewereeitherkillerorinjured.A)destroyedB)collapsedC)corrodedD)ruined40."Me,afraidofhim?"hesaidwitha(n)smile,"Notme!"A)contemptibleB)amusingC)contagiousD)contemptuous41.Hewillsimplynolistentoanybody;heistoargument.A)imperviousB)imperceptibleC)impassableD)blunt42.Stopaskingallthesepersonalquestions!ItisbadmannerstobeA)inquisitiveB)impatientC)acquisitiveD)informative43.Hebetweenlifeanddeathforafewdaysbutthenhepul:A)hoveredB)lurchedC)waveredD)fluctuated44.WearepreparedtosatisfyallyourclaimAlegitimateB)legibleC)intimateD)legislative45.ThereisnotaGreekwordwhichistheexact_oftheEnglishword'stile'.A)equivalentB)copyC)counterpartD)meaning46.Theprizeswillbeattheendoftheschoolyear.A)distributedB)attributedC)grantedD)contributed47.DuringourstayinParisweweresplendidlybytheItalianAmbassador.A)sustainedB)maintainedC)retainedD)entertained48.Onleaving,wethankedhimmostwarmlyforthehospitality_tousandourfriends.A)extendedB)expandedC)expendedD)awarded49.Ifthedisputeisnotsettledina(n)_waysoon,thetwocountrieswillcertainlygotowar.A)amiableB)amicableC)inimicalD)unfriendly50,IfImaybesoastoadviseyou,myopinionisthatyoushouldnotreplytohisletter.A)generousB)humbleC)proudD)bold51.Ifyoutakea(n)courselikeheryoucanlearnEnglishinlessthantwoyears.A)intensiveB)extensiveC)expansiveD)retentive52.Afterayear'shardworkIthinkIamtoalongholiday.10,A)entailedB)deservedC)entitledD)satisfied53.ThousandsofpeoplefromGreeceeveryyeartoworkinWestGermany.A)emigrateB)leaveC)abandonD)immigrate54,liewasamemberoftheHillarythatconqueredMountEverest.A)missionB)invasionC)experimentD)expedition55.Itwasmysaddutyto_thenewsofJohn'sdeathtohisfamily.A)submitB)breakC)sayD)proclaim56.HehimselfasawarcorrespondentinVietnam.A)discernedB)distinguishedC)discriminatedD)extinguished57.Shehisinvitationtodinnerasshewasonadiet.A)inclinedB)declinedC)deniedD)disinclined58.Hewaswithattemptedrobberyandheldincustody.A)accusedB)prosecutedC)chargedD)arrested59.Whatthewitnesssaidincourtwasnotwiththestatementhemadetothepolice.A)prevalentB)relevantC)consistentD)coincident60.Mollyhasalwaysbeepa(n)child;shebecomesilleasily.A)delicateB)gloomyC)energeticD)confident61.Therearesomeverybeautifullyglasswindowsinthechurch.A)designedB)drawnC)markedD)stained62.Themanwhonevertriesanythingnewisa(n)onthewheelsofprogress.A)obstacleB)brakeC)breakD)block63.ThereisasaleatHamfridge'snextweekwithinalldepartments.A)decreasesB)subtractionsC)reductionsD)accounts64.Doctorshavelongknownthatifapatientis_thathewillrecoverandistreatedwithsympathy,hispainwilloftendisappear.A)assumedB)assuredC)informedD)proved65:Althoughmostbirdshaveonlyasenseofsmell,theyhaveacutevision.Agenuine.B)negativeC)negligibleD)condensed66.WearesorrytosaythatMaryisnottheverypersonwhocanbewitheithermoneyorsecretinformation.A）entrustedB)committedC)consignedD)assigned67.Ifyouneverreviewyourlessons,youwillonlyhaveyourselftoifyoufailinyourexamination.A)complainB)blameC)mistakeD)fault68.Wewerefourscoresleftbehindwithfiveminutestogo,sothegamelookedcompletelyA)irresistibleB)irremissibleCirreplaceableD)irretrievable69.Hadtheexplosionbrokenout,thepassagersintheplaneshouldhavebeenkilled,foritwas_timedwiththeplane'stake-off.A)spontaneouslyB)instantaneouslyCsimultaneouslyD)conscientiously70.Thetwowitnesseswhosawtheshootingswereabletowhohardfiredfirst.A)encounterB)highlightCtestifyD)identifyPartIII.ReadingComprehension(50minutes,30points)Directions:Thereare6passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.Onedayin1963,adolphinnamedElvarandafamousastronomer,CarlSagan,wereplayingalittlegame.Theastronomerwasvisitinganinstitutewhichwaslookingintothewaydolphinscommunicatewitheachother.Hewasstandingattheedgeofoneofthetankswhereseveralofthesehighlyintelligent,friendlycreatureswerekept.Elvarhadjustswumupalongsidehiui,andhadturnedonhisback.HewantedSagantoscratchhisstomachagain,astheastronomerhaddonetwicebefore.ButthistimeElvarwastoodeepinthewaterforSagantoreachhim.ElvarlookedupatSagan,waiting.Then,afteraminuteorso,thedolphinleaptupthroughthewaterintotheairandmadeasoundjustlikethewordMore?'Theastonishedastronomerwent-tothedirectoroftheinstituteandtoldhimabouttheincident.Oh,yes:That'soneofthewordsheknows,'thedirectorsaid,showingnosurpriseatall.Dolphinshavebiggerbrainsinproportiontotheirbodysizethanhumanshave,andithasbeenknownforalongtimethattheycanmakeanumberosounds.Whatismore,thesesoundsseemtohavedifferentfunctions,suchaswarningeachotherofdanger.Soundtravelsmuchfaster,andmuchfurtherinwaterthanitdoesinair.Thatiswhythepartsofthebrainthatdealwithsoundaremuchbetterdevelopedindolphinsthaninhumans.Butcanitbesaidthatdolphinshavealanguage'intherealsenseoftheword?Scientistsdon'tagreeonthis.Alanguageisnotjustacollectionofsounds,orevenwords.Alanguagehasastructure,orwhatwecallagrammar.Thegrammarofalanguagehelpstogiveitmeaning.Forexample,thetwoquestionsWholovesMary?'andWhodoesMarylove?'meandifferentthings.Ifyoustoptothinkaboutit,youwillseethatthisdifferencedoesn'tcomefromthewordsinthequestionbutfromthedifferenceinstructure.ThatiswhythequestionCandolphinsspeak?'can'tbeanswereduntilwefindoutifdolphinsnotonlymakesoundsbutalsoarrangetheminwayswhichaffecttheirmeaning.71.ThedolphinleaptintotheairbecauseA)SaganhadturnedhisbackB)itwaspartofthegametheywereplayingC)hewantedSagantoscratchhimagainD)Saganwantedhimtodothis72.WhenSagantoldthedirectoraboutwhatthedolphinhaddone,thedirectorA)didn'tseemtothinkitwasunusualB)thoughtSaganwasjokingC)toldSaganaboutotherwordsthedolphinknewD)askedhimifheknewotherwords73.Dolphins'brainsareparticularlywell-developedtoA)helpthemtotravelfastinwaterB)arrangesoundsindifferentstructuresC)respondtodifferentkindsofsoundD)communicatewithhumansthroughsound74.ThesoundswecallwordscanbecalledalanguageonlyifA)eachsoundhasadifferentmeaningB)eachsoundisdifferentfromtheotherC)thereisasystemofwritingD)theyhaveastructureorgrammar（2）Marriedpeoplelive"happilyeverafter"infairytales,buttheydosolessandlessofteninreallife.1,likemanyofmyfriends,gotmarried,divorced,andremarried.Isuppose,tosomepeople,I'mafailure.Afterall,Ibrokemyfirstsolemnpromiseto"loveandcherishuntildeathusdopart."ButIfeelthatI'mfinallyasuccess.IlearnedfromthemistakesImadeinmyfirstmarriage.Thistimearound,thewaysmyhusbandandIshareourfreetime,makedecisions,anddealwithproblemsareverydifferent.Ilearned,firstofall,nottobeaclingingvine(依赖男子的妇女).Inmyfirstmarriage,Ifelttheeverymomentwespentapartwaswasted.IfRaywantedtogoouttoabarwithhisfriendstowatchafootballgame,Ifeltrejectedandtalkedhimintostayinghome.Iwouldn'tacceptanoffertogotoamovieorjoinanexerciseclassit'itmeantthatRaywouldbehomealone.Irealizenowthatwewereoftenangrywitheachotherjustbecausewespenttoomuchtimetogether.Incontrast,mysecondhusbandandIspendsomeofourtreetimeapartandtrytohaveinterestsofourown.Ihavestartedplayingracquetballatahealthclub,andDavidsometimestakesofftogotothelocalautoraceswithhisfriends.Whenwearetogether,wearen'tboredwitheachother;ourseparateinterestsmakeusmoreinterestingpeople.Ilearnednotonlytobeapartsometimesbutalsotoworktogetherwhenit'stimetomakedecisions.WhenRayandIweremarried,Ileftalltheimportantdecisionstohim.Hedecidedhowwewouldspendmoney,whetherweshouldsellthecarorfixit,andwheretotakeavacation.IknownowthatIwentalongwiththissothatIwouldn'thavetotaketheresponsibilitywhenthingswentwrong.Icouldalwaysendanargumentbysaying,"Itwasyourfault!"Withmysecondmarriage,Iamtryingtobeafullpartner.Weaskeachother'sopinionsonmajordecisionsandtrytocompromiseifwedisagree.Ifwemakethewrongchoice,we'reequallyguilty.Whenwerentedanapartment,forexample,webothhadtotaketheblamefornotnoticingthedraftywindowsandthe"nopets"clauseinourlease.MaybethemostimportantthingI'velearnedistobeagrown-upaboutfacingproblems.Davidandihavemadeavowtofaceourtroubleslikeadults.Ifwe'remadateachotherorworriedandupset,wesayhowwefeel.Ratherthanhidebehindourownmisery,wetalkabouttheproblemuntilwediscoverhowtofixit.Everybodyarguesorhastodealwiththeoccasionalcrisis,butRayandIalwaysreactedlikechildrentothesestormytimes.Iwouldlockmyselfinthesparebedroom.Raywouldstalkoutofthehouse,slamthedoor,andraceoffinthecar.ThenIwouldcryandworrytillhereturned.Iwishthatmyfirstmarriagehadn'tbeentheplacewhereIlearnedhowtomakearelationshipwork,butatleastIdidlearn.1feelbetternowaboutbeinganindependentperson,aboutmakingdecisions,andaboutfacingproblems.Mysecondmarriageisn'tperfect,butitdoesn'thavethedeepflawsthatmadethefirstonefallapart.75.Whichofthefollowinghascontributedtothewriter'sdivorce?A)Herformerhusbandwentouttowatchfootballgames.B)Shestartedtoplayracquetballatahealthclub.C)Theyspenttoomuchtimetogetherandgotboredwitheachother.D)Theyspentsolittletimetogetherthattheycouldnottalktoeachother.76.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatthewriter,inherfirstmarriage,A)tooklessresponsibilitythansheshouldformajordecisionB)tool:thesameresponsibilityasherhusbandC)tookmoreblamewhenthingswentwrongD)feltequallyguiltywhenthingswentwrong77.Whichofthefollowingthattheauthorshouldhavesaidwhenshequarrelledwithherformerhusbandbutshedidnot.A)"Itwasyourfault!"B)"Maybeyou'reright."C)"It'snoneofyourbusiness."D)"It'snoneofmybusiness."78.AlltheproblemsbetweenthewriterandDavidcanberesolvedbecauseA)theyhidetheirfeelingsB)theylockthemselvesintheirbedroomC)theyhavepromisednottobemadateachotherD)theydaretofacethem79,Thewriter'ssecondmarriageisdifferentfromthefirstoneinallthefollowingwaysexceptA)thattheysharetheirfreetimeB)thattheymaketheirdecisionstogetherC)thattheytalktoeachotherD)thattheydealwiththeirtroublestogether80.ThebesttitleforthepassageisA)FirstMarriageB)SecondM