中山大学2004年英语专业考研英美文学专业试电子教案.doc

Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。中山大学2004年英语专业考研英美文学专业试-中山大学2004年英语专业考研英美文学专业试题EntranceEXAMfor2004M.A-ProgramSchoolofForeignLanguagesZhongshan(SunYat-sen)UniversityBritishandAmericanLiteratureDuration:3hoursTotalScore:150marksInstructions:Answerallthe3questionsinPartOneandany3questionsinPartTwo.Youarerequiredtoanswer6questionsaltogether.PartOneI.Explainbrieflyany3ofthetermslistedbelow(20%)A.AmericanRenaissanceB.EpicC.MetaphysicalpoetryD.ModernismE.TheatreoftheAbsurdII.Commentbrieflyonany2ofthefollowingcharacters.(20%)A.CaptainAhabB.TomJonesC.GatsbyD.AndreadelSartoE.KingLearIII.Matchtheliteraryworkwiththeauthor.Foreachquestion(A-T)fillintheblankwithonefigure(1-20).(20%)Example:DavidCopperfield   2       1.JackLondon2.CharlesDickensA.ThePortraitofaLady                    1.WilliamCarlosWilliamsB.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn       2.WaltWhitmanC.TheWasteland                           3.HenryFieldingD.TheRainbow                             4.EugeneO'NeillE.LeavesofGrass                         5.T.S.EliotF.TomJones                               6.CharlesLambG.BleakHouse                             7.HenryJamesH.TheIcemanCometh                        8.CharlesDickensI.EssaysofElia_                    9.D.H.LawrenceJ.Paterson                               10.MarkTwainK.AStreetcarNamedDesire                11.JohnMiltonL.TheAlchemist                           12.WilliamFaulknerM.Walden                                 13.BenJohnsonN.OdetoaNightingale                     14.TennesseeWilliamsO.Catch-22                                 15.JamesJoyceP.ParadiseLost                            16.JohnRealsQ.Ulysses                                  17.JosephHellerR.Howl                                     18.H.D.ThoreauS.TheSoundandtheFury                   19.JosephConradT.HeartofDarkness                        20.AllenGinsbergPartTwoIV.Asonnetisafourteen-linepoemofiambicpentameter.ItwasoriginatedinItalyinthe14thcenturyandintroducedtoEnglandbyThomasWyattandtheEarlofSurrey.SincethenithasbeenaformofpoetrymuchfavoredbytheEnglishpoets.WilliamShakespearewrote154sonnets.However,theShakepeareanorEnglishsonnetisdifferentfromtheItalian.Explainthedifferencesofthetwokindsofsonnets.(30%)V.Accordingtomanycritics,FrancisBaconisthefatheroftheEnglishessaywhileCharlesLamb,theShakespeareofit.Makeacommentonthestatement(30%)VI.Inwhatsensedoyouthinkthatcriticalrealismisasuitablelabelfortherealisticnovelsin19thcenturyEngland?(30%)VII.Howdoyouinterprettheconcept“thecodeheroes,”whichreferstoacertaingroupofcharacterscreatedbyHemingway?Giveexamplestosupportyourpoint(30%)VIII.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnwaspraisedbyHemingwayasabookfromwhich“allmodernAmericanliteraturecomes.”HowdoyouinterpretHemingwayscomment?(30%)IX.GiveabriefintroductiontooneofyourfavoritewritersinBritishorAmericanliterature(30%)中山大学2004年英美文学参考答案PartOneI.Explainbrieflyany3ofthetermslistedbelow(20%)A.AmericanRenaissance,alsocalledAmericanRomanticism,isoneofthemostimportantperiodsinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.(2)Itwasarebellionagainsttheobjectivityofrationalism.Forromantics,thefeelings,intuitionsandemotionsweremoreimportantthanreasonandcommonsense.Theyemphasizedindividualism,placingtheindividualagainstthegroup.Theyaffirmedtheinnerlifeoftheself,andcherishedstronginterestinthepast,thewild,theremote,themysteriousandthestrange.Theystressedtheelement“Americanness”intheirworks.(3)TranscendentalismisthesummitofAmericanRenaissance,whichemphasizedtheimportanceofindividualinspirationandintuition,theOver-soul,andNature.(4)ItstartedwiththepublicationofWashingtonIrvingsTheSketchBookandendedwithWaltWhitmansLeavesofGrass.(4)BeingaperiodofthegreatfloweringofAmericanliterature,itisalsocalled“theAmericanRenaissance.”(5)AmericanRomanticistsincludesuchliteraryfiguresasWashingtonIrving,RalphWaldoEmerson,HenryDavidThoreau,WilliamCullenBryant,HenryWordsworthLongfellow,NathanielHawthorne,EdgarAllenPoe,HermanMelville,WaltWhitmanandsomeothers.B.Epic,inpoetry,referstoalongworkdealingwiththeactionsofgodsandheroes.(2)BeowulfisthegreatestnationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons.JohnMiltonwrotethreegreatepics:ParadiseLost,ParadiseRegainedandSamsonAgonistes.C.Metaphysicalpoetryiscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17th-centurywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.(2)Witharebelliousspirit,themetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.(3)ThedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethanortheNeoclassicalperiods,andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech.(4)Theimageryisdrawnfromactuallife.D.Modernismisaninternationalmovementinliteratureandarts,especiallyinliterarycriticism,whichbeganinthelate19thcenturyandflourisheduntil1950s.(2)Modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophyandthetheoryofpsycho-analysisasitstheoreticalcase.(3)Themodernistwritersconcentratemoreontheprivateandsubjunctivethanonthepublicandobjective,mainlyconcernedwiththeinnerofanindividual.(4)JamesJoyce,T.S.Eliot,VirginiaWoolfandWilliamFaulknerareprominentmodernistwriters.E.TheTheaterofAbsurdisakindofdramathatexplainsanexistentialideologyandpresentsaviewoftheabsurdityofthehumanconditionbytheabandoningofusualorrationaldevicesandtheuseofnonrealisticform.(2)ThemostoriginalplaywrightoftheTheaterofAbsurdisSamuelBeckett,whowroteabouthumanbeingslivingameaninglesslifeinanalien,decayingworld.Hisplay,WaitingforGodot,isregardedasthemostfamousandinfluentialplayoftheTheaterofAbsurd.II.Commentbrieflyonany2ofthefollowingcharacters.(20%)A、CaptainAhabisthemaincharacterinMelvillesgreatestallegoricalnovelMoby-Dick.(2)Ahab,thedomineeringcaptainonboardhisshipPequod,withanoverwhelmingobsession,isdeterminedtokillthewhalewhichhascrippledhim.(3)Inordertokillthewhale,MobyDick,hedeliberatelyinvolvesthecrewinhisrevenge.AttheendofthestoryeverybodydiesexceptIshmaelwhosurvivestotellthestory.(4)ForAhab,thewhalerepresentsonlyevil.MobyDickislikeawall,hidingsomeunknown,mysteriousthingsbehind.AhabwillsthewholecrewonthePequodtojoinhiminthepursuitofthebigwhalesoastopiercethewall,torootouttheevil,butonlytobedestroyedbyevil,inthiscase,byhisownconsumingdesire,hismadness.(5)Ahabremainsoneofthemostfascinatingcharactersinworldliterature.B、TomJonesisthemaincharacterinFieldingsTomJones.(2)InthenovelTomJonesstandsforadriftingEverymanwhoisexpelledfromtheparadiseandhastoundergohardexperiencestogainsomeknowledgeofhimselftoapproachperfection.C、GatsbyisthemaincharacterinFitzgeraldsTheGreatGatsby.(2)Gatsbystragedycouldbetackledinthefollowingpossibleways.Gatsbysdreamisemptyofsubstantialityinthewayheincarnateshisdreaminagirlheidealizes,andthegirl(Daisy)turnsouttobeveryselfishandindifferenttohistruelove;heisamanwhoclingstothepastwhichhasgoneforever;heisdoomedbecausetheworldaroundisalandofspiritualashes,fullofcarelessdriverswhohavenosenseofwonderaboutlife,Butheisgreatinthathestillholdsadreamthatprovestobeincorruptible.(3)GatsbystragedyembodiesthedisillusionmentoftheAmericanDream.D、KingLearisthemaincharacterinShakespearestragedyKingLear.(2)KingLearisaself-willedrulerwhosuffersfromtreacheryandinfidelityonaccountofhisirresponsibilityandvanity.(3)InKingLear,Shakespearehasnotonlymadeaprofoundanalysisofthesocialcrisisinwhichtheevilscanbeseeneverywhere,butalsocriticizedthebourgeoisegoism.(4)Shakespearepointsoutthatakingorrulermustberesponsibletohispeople.III.III.Matchtheliteraryworkwiththeauthor.Foreachquestion(A-T)fillintheblankwithonefigure(1-20).(20%)A-7B-10C-5D-9E-2F-3G-8H-4I-6J-1K-14L-13M-18N-JohnKeatsO-17P-11Q-15R-20S-12T-19PartTwoIV.Sonnetisapoemoffourteenlinesofiambicpentameterwitharigidrhymescheme.ThisverseformwasfirstemployedbytheItalianpoetsintheearlyperiodoftheRenaissanceandcametoperfectioninthehandsofDanteandespeciallyofPetrarch.ItwasintroducedintoEnglandinthe16thcentury,andadoptedbymanyEnglishpoets,withchieflytwovariants:theItalianorPetrarchansonnetformandtheEnglishorShakespearean.Thechiefdifferencebetweenthetwoformsliesintheirtwodifferentrhymeschemes:abba,abba,cdcdcdorabba,abba,cdecdefortheItalianorPetrarchanformandabab,cdcd,efef,ggfortheEnglishorShakespearean.AllofShakepeares154sonnetsbelongtothelattertype.V.(1)BaconisbestknownforhisEssaysthatisthefirstexampleofthatgenreinEnglishliterature.OfStudiesisthemostpopularofBaconsessays.Hisessaysdealwithavarietyoftopicsaboutalmostallaspectsoflife.Theyarecharacterizedbyforcefulness,persuasiveness,compactnessandprecision.ThesequalitieshaveearnedBaconthefatheroftheEnglishessay.(2)CharlesLambisawell-knownessayistintheEnglishRomanticPeriod.Hewroteaseriesofessayscollectedinhisfamous“EssaysofElia”.IntheseessaysLambchatswiththereaderonvarioustopicsandrevealshischarmingpersonality.ThemoststrikingfeatureofLambsessaysishishumor.HeisuniversallyacknowledgedtobeuniqueasanEnglishhumorist.Likeotherhumorists,hecouldtellaridiculousstoryinthemostsolemntone.Heisamasterofpunsandjokes.Lambsstyleistouchedwitharchaism,interspersedwithquotationsfromhisfavoriteauthorsbutalwaysfaithfultohisownpersonality.Itishighlyartisticbutinimitable.Inshort,Lambsessaysarefamiliaressaysinthebestsenseoftheterm.His“EssaysofElia”isLambsgreatestcontributiontothetreasuryofEnglishliterature.Lambis,therefore,regardedastheShakespeareoftheEnglishessay.VI.(1)Inthe19thcenturyEnglandthenovelbecamethemostwidelyreadandthemostvitalandchallengingexpressionofprogressivethought.Whilestickingtotheprincipleoffaithfulrepresentationofthe18th-centuryrealistnovel,novelistsinthisperiodcarriedtheirdutyforwardtothecriticismofthesocietyandthedefenseofthemass.Althoughwritingfromdifferentpointsofviewandwithdifferenttechniques,theysharedonethingincommon,thatis,theywereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeople.Theywereangrywiththeinhumansocialinstitutions,thedecayingsocialmoralityasrepresentedbythemoney-worshipandUtilitarianism,andthewidespreadmisery,povertyandinjustice.Theirtruthfulpictureofpeopleslifeandbitterandstrongcriticismofthesocietyhaddonemuchinawakeningthepublicconsciousnesstothesocialproblemsandintheactualimprovementofthesociety.CharlesDickens,theBronteSistersandThomasHardyaretypicalnovelistsoftheVictorianperiod.(2)CharlesDickensisoneofthegreatestcriticalrealistwritersoftheVictorianAge.Itishisseriousintentiontoexposeandcriticizeinhisworksallthepoverty,injustice,hypocrisyandcorruptnesshesawallaroundhim.Inhisworks,Dickenssetsoutafullmapandalarge-scalecriticismofthe19th-centuryEngland,particularlyLondon.Acombinationofoptimismaboutpeopleandrealismaboutsocietyispresentfromtheverybeginning.Inhisearlynovels,heattacksoneormorespecificsocialevilsineach:Forexample,thedehumanizingworkhousesystemandthedark,criminalunderworldlifeinOliverTwist;thedebtorsprisoninDavidCopperfield;themoney-worshipthatdominatespeopleslife,corruptstheyoungandbringstragedytoMr.DombeysfamilyinDombeyandSon,etc.befound.(3)Beingfaithfultorealityofthe19thcenturyEnglandEnglishwritersarelabeledastherealisticnovelists.VII.(1)Thecodeheroreferstoaliterarycharacterwhoclingstoacertainsetofrulesorprinciplesinventedbyaparticularwriter.(2)Hemingwayisacaseinpoint.Hemingwaydealswithalimitedrangeofcharactersinquitesimilarcircumstancesandmeasurethemagainstanunvaryingcode,knownas“graceunderpressure”.Thosewhosurviveintheprocessofseekingtomasterthecodewiththehonesty,thediscipline,andtherestraintareHemingwayCodeheroes.Suchaherousuallyisanaveragemanofdecidedlymasculinetastes,sensitiveandintelligent.Hekeepsemotionsundercontrol,stoicandself-disciplined.Hefightsasolitarystruggleagainstaforcehedoesnotevenunderstand.TheHemingwayheropossessesakindof“despairingcourage”.Itisthiscouragethatenablesamantobehavelikeaman,toasserthisdignityinfaceofadversity.(3)BarnesinTheSunAlsoRisesandSantiagoinTheOldManandTheSeaaresuchheroes.VIII.(1)MarkTwainisagreatliterarygiantofAmerica.H.L.Menckenconsideredhim“thetruefatherofournationalliterature.”WithworkslikeAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnTwainshapedtheworldsviewofAmerica.HemadeamoreextensivecombinationofAmericanfolkhumorandseriousliteraturethanpreviouswritershadeverdone.AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,aboysbookspeciallywrittenfortheadults,isTwainsmostrepresentativework.Thesetwobooks,especiallythelatter,provedtobethemilestoneinAmericanliterature,andthusfirmlyestablishedTwainspositionintheliteraryworld.(2)AsasequeltoTomSawyer,HuckleberryFinnmarkstheclimaxofTwainsliterarycreativity.Hemingwayoncedescribedthenoveltheonebookfromwhich“allmodernAmericanliteraturecomes.”Thelanguageofthenovelissimple,direct,lucid,andfaithfultothecolloquialspeechwhichisbestdescribedas“vernacular”.Withhisgreatmasteryandeffectiveuseofvernacular,Twainhasmadecolloquialspeechanaccepted,respectableliterarymedium.(3)InithecreatedforAmericanLiteratureanimageofatypicalAmericanboythatstaysintheheartsofAmericanreaders.(4)HisstyleoflanguageinfluencedmanylaterwriterslikeSherwoodAnderson,ErnestHemingway,etc.TheprofoundportraitofHuckleberryFinnisanothergreatcontributionofthebooktothelegacyofAmericanliterature.IX.RobertFrosthaslongbeenwellknownasapoetwhocanhardlybeclassifiedwiththeoldorthenew.Unlikehiscontemporariesintheearly20thcentury,hedidnotbreakupwiththepoetictraditionnormadeanyexperimentonform.Instead,helearnedfromthetradition,especiallythefamiliarconventionsofnaturepoetryandofclassicalpastoralpoetry,andmadethecolloquialNewEnglandspeechintoapoeticexpression.Manyofhispoemsarefragrantwithnaturalquality.Imagesandmetaphorsinhispoemsaredrawnfromthesimplecountrylifeandthepastorallandscape.Profoundideasaredeliveredunderthedisguiseoftheplainlanguageandsimpleform.WhatFrostdidistotakesymbolsfromthelimitedhumanworldandthepastorallandscapetorefertothegreatworldbeyondtherusticscene.Byusingsimplespokenlanguageandconversationalrhythmsandtreatingseeminglytrivialsubject,Frostachievesaneffortlessgraceinhisstyle.HecombinestraditionalverseformswithaclearAmericanlocalspeechrhythm.Hewritesinboththemetricalformsandthefreeverse,andsometimeshewritesinaformthatmightbecalledsemi-freeorsemi-conventional.IfAmericahadanationalpoetinthe20thcentury,itiscertainlyRobertFrost.-