中考英语语法介词知识点 练习题.docx

中考语法5 介词一 介词在句子中的句子成分1.（ 表语 ）The post office is just across the street. 邮局就在街对面。2. （宾语补足语）I was surprised to find him on the bus. 发现他在公共汽车上，我很吃惊。3. ( 后置定语 ) Did you see the house with many trees around it? 你看到那座周围长满数的房子了吗？4. （ 时间状语 ） What are you going to do on Christmas? （地点状语） Youre not supposed to put your bread on your plate. 你不应该把手放在盘子里。 （方式状语）Can you sing this song in English? 你能用英语常这首歌吗？二 常见介词及意思地点时间动作方向其他1.on在.上面2.at在（小地方）3.among在之中4.between在.之间5.above在.之上6.over越过7.under在.之下8.near靠近9.by在旁边10.outside在之外11.in front of 在.前面12.inside 在.里面13.about关于14.across横过15.after在.之后在.之后16.before在.前面在.之前17.against反对；对着18.along沿着19.around在周围/附近20.behind在.后面21.during在.期间22.beside在旁边23.for长达为了24.from从.起从.来25.in在里面在.内/后26.into进入27.like像一样28.of的 29. past过了30. since自从.31.till直到.之时32.until直到为止33.to到.到34.towards对，向，朝35. with用；有；和36.without没有三 几组介词的比较1.for+时间段延续之久常与现在完成时/过去时/将来时连用They have lived in China for two years.(表示延续到现在的一段时间)They lived in China for two years.（一段已经终结了的时间）They will live in China for two years.（将要延续一段时间）since+时间点自从过去某时来I havent written home since Christmas. 自圣诞节以来，我就没有给家里写过信。2.在.之后in+时间段在之后，将来时He will be back in three hours.after+时间段在.之后，过去时He came back after 3 hours.after+具体时间点在.之后，将来时He will be back after 3 oclock in the afternoon.3.by“不迟于某时“，包括某时在内I will finish the work by Friday. 最晚周五，我会完成这项工作。before“在某时之前“，不包括某时在内I will finish the work before Friday. 周五之前，我会完成这项工作。4. 地点/方位介词 on在上面，与物体表面接触in在里面in the tree 在树上above-below在.上方，不与物体表面接触，也可指海拔，温度的刻度The mountain is about 2000 meters above the sea. 那座山大约海拔2000米高。over-under在某物的正上方，有时也值“越过“I saw a stone bridge over the river.The thief climbed over the wall and ran away.below-above在.的下方，不一定是正下方，也可指温度，海拔的刻度，与above 是反义词Its 50 meters below sea level. 它在海平面下50米。under-over在正下方，是over 的反义词A cat is sitting under your chair. 一只猫在你椅子下面。5. 方位介词between两者之间The bus runs between the two cities. 那辆巴士行驶在这两个城市之间。among三者或三者以上之间；在.内部There was a village among the hills. 群山之中有一个村庄。6. 方位介词through从内部空间“穿过“forest森林，city 城市，window窗户，door门gate 大门 tunnel 隧道We walked through the forest.我们步行穿过了那片森林。across从表面上“通过“street街道 road 马路 river 河 bridge 桥He swam across the river. 他游过了河。past从旁边“经过They drove past a big supermarket. 他们开车经过一家大超市。over从上方“跨过“wall 墙 fence 围栏，栅栏Somehow, the sheep jumped over the fence. 不知怎么的，那只羊跳过了围栏。练习题1.Can you swim _ the river ?2.The elephant is so big that it cant go _ the gate .3.I dont think anyone can jump _ the fence.4.I walked _ the bank of China yesterday .7. 除了except除.之外（其他的都），其他的宾语被排除在整体之外All the students took part in the sports meeting except Tom.除了汤姆以外，其他同学都参加了运动会。besides除.之外（其他的也），其他的宾语被包括在整体之内We need three more chairs besides the two. 除了这两把椅子之外，我们还需要三把。except for 被排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类All the buildings are excellent except for their location. 除了它们的位置之外，所有的建筑都相当不错。补充：1. except 还可做连词 He usually goes to school on foot except when it rains. 除了下雨天，他一般都是步行上学2.besides 还可作副词， “另外” Lets stay at home. It is too late; besides it is raining now.8. 方式介词with工具/ 身体的某一部位或器官I cut the cake with a knife. 我用刀子切开了蛋糕。by方法，手段He made a living by selling newspaper. 他靠卖报为生。in语言/ 工具的具体类型，材料Dont write these numbers in pencil, write them in ink.不要用铅笔写这些数字，用钢笔写。补充：1).with具有,含有 -反义词: without 没有词组: with the help of = with ones help =because of = thanks to 在.的帮助下， without ones help 没有.帮助2).without 的用法: A).without + sb./ sth. 没有某人或某物 B).without + doing sth . He left here without (say ) “Goodbye”to usC). without sth 常与if 引导的否定的条件句. If there is no water , we cant live .= We cant live _ _ .9. 时间介词in in+年/月/季节/上午，下午，晚上in the daytime/night 在白天/ 夜里in a day/ week / month /year 在一天/一周/一个月/一年内in the winter holidays 在寒假in ones life 在某人一生中onon +星期/日期/节日/具体某一天的上午/下午/晚上on weekdays 在工作日on my birthday 在我生日那天on the following day 在第二天on that day 在那天on a cold winter morning 在一个寒冬的早晨on New Years Day 在元旦atat+时间点，做某事的时刻at that time 在那时 at the end of the holiday 在假期结束时补充：at的其它用法.1).表示 “从事或正在做某事”,其后加的名词往往不加冠词. She is at work now = She is working now .2)at表示 “价格或速度” The train ran at 120 kilometres an hour .10. 方位介词1.in表示A地在B地范围之内.(包含关系) Tanwan is _ the southeast of China .2.on表示A,B地接壤.(外切关系) Hubei is _ the north of Hunan .3.to表示A,B两地有一定的间距.(外离关系) Japan is _ the east of China .四 介词的常见搭配一） 介词+名词above zero 零度以上after a while 片刻之后in a hurry 匆匆忙忙after class课下in bed在床上along the road沿路in English 用英语at breakfast 早餐时in fact 事实上at first 首先in the city 在城里at home 在家in the daytime 在白天on watch 值班at night 在夜里 in the open air 在户外，露天at the head of 在.的前头in this way 用这种方法at the moment 此刻on show 陈列，展出on duty 值班，值日by the way 顺便一提二） 动词+介词hear of 听说think about 考虑think of 认为，想起knock at 敲（门）get off下车laugh at 嘲笑get on 上车point at/ to 指向ask for 请求，询问break into 闯入pay for 付钱，支付agree to 同意learn from 向.学习agree with 赞同wait for 等待listen to 听三） 形容词+ 介词be excited about 为感到激动be worried about be full of be proud of be sure of be near to be ready for be interested in be pleased withbe kind to be happy with be satisfied withbe filled with be good at be tired of be good with 练习题一 根据句意，用适当的介词填空.根据句意，用适当的介词填空。1. the morning of September 8th, many visitors arrived the train station for a tour.2.The boy filled the cup some coffee. Now it's full coffee,3. Chinese, we learn many other subjects, such as English, maths and physics.4. I often practise English chatting my American friends.5. It's very kind you to help me my maths.6.Don't read the sun. It's bad your eyes.7.I wrote my sister last Saturday, but I haven't heard her up to now.8. Water, air and sunshine are great importance living things.9. It's not good to come late school.10. Are you ready the journey?11. Children are often told not to play fire.12. I don't agree you because sixteen-year-olds aren't serious enough that age.13. China lies the east of Asia and the west of Japan.14. She is a beautiful girl blue eyes.15. Children's Day, all the children are very happy.16. We are doing much better English the teacher's help.17. The city is famous its football and people there are very proud their football team.18. fact, he always comes up good solutions to people's problems.19. be honest, food that is bad you can taste good.20. general, we'd like to stay at a place a big pool or somewhere the ocean. 7