《中考英语总复习》专题 08 动词和动词短语——《破解2020年中考英语之易错易混点丢分题》（原卷版）.doc

【2019 广西贵港中考】Joe， don't eat too much ice-cream OK， momBut it really good AfeelsBlooksCtastesDsounds【参考答案】C【试题解析】feel 感觉起来；look 看起来；taste 尝起来；sound 听起来；四个词都是感官动词，根据句子里don't eat too much ice-cream，不要吃太多冰淇淋可知冰淇淋是好吃的，用感官动词taste。故选：C。此题考查系动词的用法，准确把握语境并掌握住这几个词的含义和用法，是做这道题的关键。feel感觉；taste尝起来；sound听起来；look看起来。这几个词后面都跟形容词作表语。学生平时应注意积累常见系动词的用法。连系动词分类常用词例句表示主语的状态、特征和身份等be(是)，look(看起来)，seem(似乎)，feel(感觉)，appear(出现)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来)He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态，但侧重于转变后的结果turn(转变)，become(成为)，get(得到)，grow(增长)，go(去)，fall(跌落)，come(来)，prove(证明)Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后，情况变得越来越糟糕。表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变keep(保持)，remain(仍旧)，stay(保持)，continue(继续)The old man stays calm. 老人保持平静。Keep quiet while youre going around. 参观时要保持安静。【2019 江苏省淮安】Those young firemen were brave enough to _ the fire in the forest. A. work outB. put out C. hand outD. look out【参考答案】B【试题解析】句意：那些年轻的消防队员足够勇敢地扑灭了森林中的大火。A. work out解出，算出；B. put out熄灭；C. hand out上交；D. look out小心。根据Those young firemen were brave enough及the fire in the forest.可知是扑灭大火。根据题意，故选B。【2018·湖北黄冈中考】 I find it difficult to learn English well. I want to drop it. English is very important in our daily life. Never _. A. give up it   B. give it up   C. give away it   D. give it away【参考答案】 B【试题解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我发现英语很难学，我想放弃。英语在我们的日常生活中很重要，由此推知后句意为“不要放弃。”give up放弃；give away赠送；背叛。据此推知give up符合句意，give up是动词加副词构成的短语，代词作其宾语必须位于give up之间。故选B。此题考查动词短语，掌握住这几个短语的含义是做这道题的关键。另外需要掌握住，动词短语中间有代词时，代词需放中间。一般说来，在英语中，动词加上on，in，off, over, back, up, down, away, out等所构成的短语都是动词+ 副词结构的动词词组。此时须注意其宾语的位置：名词宾语既可放在短语中间，也可放在短语后面；但是人称代词宾语（宾格）只能放在短语中间。动副短语中的动词有的是及物动词，因此，后接宾语时不需要加介词，加上副词后，该副词可以进一步说明动作的结果，从而，使得句意表达得更加准确。这些动副短语必须接宾语，但对其位置有一定的限制，如果宾语是名词，既可以放在短语的中间，又可以放在短语的后面；如果宾语是代词，就只能放在两词的中间了。Youd better pick the students up before 7:00. 你最好在7点前把这些学生接上车。Can you pick me up at 7:00? 你能在7点时接我吗？人称代词me做宾语要放在pick和up的中间。如果动副短语中的动词是不及物动词时，则该短语不可以加宾语。例如，May I come in? 我可以进来吗？come是不及物动词，所以，come in后无宾语。初中生应掌握的动副短语主要有：bring out 取出 cut down 砍倒 clean up清扫，收拾干净climb down/up 爬下/上 come back/go back 回来/回去 come round（走）过来 come out （花）开，出来 come over顺便来访 eat up 吃光fall asleep 睡着 fall behind 落后 fall down 跌倒 give back退还 get back 取回 go out 外出grow up 长大 hurry up赶紧 knock down 击倒look out 小心 look around 环顾，到处看 look up 查找 open up 开设，开放，开业 pass on 往前传递 put sth. down把放下来put away 收拾好 put on穿上 put up 举起run away 逃跑，逃走 slow down 减缓，减速 set off出发，动身turn on/off 打开/关上 turn up/down 调大/调小take out取出 think over 考虑 take off 脱下，把拿掉 take away 拿走work out算出 write down 记下 wash away 冲走 wake up唤醒 【2019 大庆中考】How long will it _ you to fly to Beijing from your hometown? A. spendB. takeC. payD. use【参考答案】B【试题解析】句意：从家乡坐飞机到北京要花费你多长时间？A. spend花费钱或时间，主语是人；B. take常指花费时间，用在“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”这一句型中；C. pay花费金钱，主语是人；D. use使用。本句考查的是“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”这一句型。故答案为B。本题考查易混动词辨析，考生掌握住cost, pay, take和spend的区别，就能做对这道题。四个单词均可表示“花费”，但所用主语不同：cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it)，不能是人；pay 的主语只能是人，常与for连用；spend 的主语也只能是人，构成spend on sth.或spend in doing sth.；take的主语常常是形式主语it。cost /pay/ take /spend的区别：cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it)，不能是人；pay 的主语只能是人，常与for连用；spend 的主语也只能是人，构成spend on sth.或spend in doing sth.；take的主语常常是形式主语it。如：The computer cost (me) $2000. 这台电脑花了(我) 2000 美元。I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了一整天来找你。It took him an hour to write the letter. 他写这封信花了一个小时。She paid 10 yuan for this book. 她买这本书花了10元钱。【2019 四川省达州市】Can I _ Robinson Crusoe? Mrs. Zhao Sure，it's very interesting，but you can only _it for two weeks Aborrow；lendBlend；borrow Cborrow；keepDlend；keep【参考答案】C【试题解析】borrow借，强调借入，短暂性动词；lend借，强调借出，短暂性动词；keep也有借的意思，强调保管，延续性动词；Can I borrow Robinson Crusoe？强调借入，所以用borrow；由句子中的for two weeks第二个空应该用延续性动词keep，故选：C。做这道题的关键是掌握住borrow，lend和keep的用法区别：【易混辨析】 lend借出非延续性动词，表示主语把东西借给别人，常用结构：lend sb sth或lend sth to sb borrow借入非延续性动词，表示主语向别人借东西，常用结构：borrow sth from sb keep借(多久)延续性动词，表示借某物多长时间，与表示一段时间的时间状语连用【图解助记】一、keep作及物动词，意为使保持（某种状态）、使得时，常用于以下几种结构： 1. keep+宾语（由人或物充当）形容词。Keep your hands clean. 手要保持干净。 2. keep宾语副词。What have kept you awa for so long? 什么事使你离开这么久？ 3. keep宾语v-ing。Im sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 4. keep宾语v-ed。Keep the door clsed. 让门关着。 5. keep宾语介词短语。Dont keep your hands in your pockets. 不要把手插在口袋里。 二、keep作及物动词，后接名词作宾语，构成动宾结构，意为保存、保留、记（日记等）、经营（商店等）、遵守（诺言等）之意。I keep a diary in English.我用英文记日记。 She keeps a bllkstore.她经营一家书店。 Keep your word,please.请遵守你的诺言。 三、keep作系动词，其后直接跟形容词、副词或介词短语作表语，构成系表结构，意为保持某一状态Please keep quiet.请保持安静。 四、keep后接动名词和宾语，表示连续不断地做某事。The baby keeps crying all night. 那个婴儿哭了一夜。1. 常见系动词的用法；2. 修饰代词的动副短语的用法；3. lie, lay, lie的用法辨析；4. borrow, lend, keep的用法辨析。1.【2019 辽宁省本溪中考】Look at the dark clouds， and the wind is blowing strongly It _that a big storm is coming Asounds BseemsCfeelsDsmells2.【2019 湖北省宜昌中考】Did you the International Marathon in Lan Zhou on June 2, 2019?Of course. How exciting!A. watchB. reviewC. supposeD. discover3.【2019 襄阳中考】 What does Huaweis newest smartphone look like? Its wonderful! You can it in half just like closing a book. A. handB. passC. foldD. cut4. 【2019 河南中考】You cant change who you are by reading a book or change the way you act by watching a video. What _ is what you do, not what you know. A. includesB. decidesC. meansD. matters5.【2019 南通中考】Excuse me, can you teach me how to this new word? No problem. Look at my mouth and listen carefully. A. proveB. pronounceC. prepareD. produce6.【2019 江苏省无锡中考】Im going to add some tomato sauce to the salad, if you dont _. Not at all. Go head. A. careB. agreeC. mindD. insist7.【2019 海南省中考】Would you please _ your e-mail address? I missed it just now No problemIt's fox163com ArepeatBreviewCrecord8.【2019 内蒙古呼和浩特中考】Jack, lets have a picnic after school. Sorry. I have _Frank to work on the biology report with him. A. Advise B. expected C. suggested 9.【2019 湖北省宜昌中考】Shall we_the things we dont use to the people in need? Good idea. A. put offB. set out C. get intoD. give away10.【2019 湖北省宜昌中考】About 20 million people in the world have no enough safe drinking water. So we should how to deal with the problems of water. A. put onB. look after C. think aboutD. get on with11.【2019 贵州省安顺中考】I don't think teachers should give too much homework to_ the free time of students. Exactly! A. give upB. take up C. look upD. put up12.【2019 四川省眉山中考】 Whats the meaning of “One Belt and One Road”? Let me the words in the new dictionary. A. look atB. look for C. look afterD. look up13.【2019 江苏省南京中考】Tina comes to China in order to experience Chinese culture and _which university is the best for her to attend Aput outBstay out Cfind outDrun out14.【2019 广西北部湾经济区中考】John, please _your dictionary from the schoolbag and look up the new word. A. take awayB. take up C. take offD. take out1. (安徽省桐城市第二中学2019届九年级下学期第三次模拟).After a week's discussion, they finally _ these agreements.A. agreed toB. agreed onC. depended onD. took down2. (广东珠海市北大附属实验学校初中部2020届九年级上学期10月调研）I love this song by Liang Bo. Would you mind _ the TV a bit ? I cant hear it clearly.A. turning onB. to turn offC. turning upD. turn up3. (广东省江门市2019-2020学年度第一学期期中调研测试)Jim, long time no see! Where have you ?I Beijing with my parents.A. been; have gone to B. been, have been toC. gone; went D. gone; have gone to4. (2019年江苏省连云港市赣榆实验中学中考英语模拟) Life is a journey with trouble, but with care and wisdom you can _ any problem you face.A. put outB. hand outC. find outD. work out 5. (河南省南阳市内乡县2019届九年级中招一模) The strongest people are not always those who win, but those who dont _ when they lose.A. set upB. cheer upC. give upD. show up6. (安徽省桐城市第二中学2019届九年级下学期第三次模拟) Jack _ his father, because they are both easygoing.A. looks afterB. looks likeC. takes afterD. looks up7. (2019年江苏省连云港市赣榆实验中学中考模拟)What's wrong with Simon? He isn't at school today. His legs hurt. He was _ by a motorcycle this morning.A. treatedB. operatedC. hitD. cured8. (2019年广西省北部湾经济区中考英语模拟) The boy has a good habit to _ all the things in right places.A. put awayB. put upC. take awayD. take up9. (2019年江苏省连云港市赣榆实验中学中考英语模拟)What's wrong with Simon? He isn't at school today. His legs hurt. He was _ by a motorcycle this morning.A. treatedB. operatedC. hitD. cured10. (安徽蚌埠局属20192020学年第一学期第二次联考) What do you think of the sofa?Not bad, but it may too much space of our living room.A. take up B .put up C .open up D .make up.11. (安徽省淮西西区20192020学年第一学期期中) Though Huang Wenxiu lost his life in the accident, her family the things she did.A. take part in B. take an interest in C. take after D. take pride in12. (安徽淮南20192020学年第一学期期中联考) When you dont know a word, you can in a dictionary.A.look it over B.look up it C.look it down D.look it up13.（湖北武汉新洲区20192020学年第一学期期中联考) He caught the thief by himself on the bus. All of us _ him for his courage. A. enjoyed B. imagined C. admired D. warned14.(人大附中2019年初三年级下学期质检题)Are you going to _ our English debating (辩论) team?Yes，I am.A. take part inB. joinC. join inD. attend