《中考英语总复习》中考英语专题复习 情态动词【教案】.doc

情态动词教案【教学目标】1. 要求学生能说出情态动词的分类及用法，掌握情态动词在一般疑问句中的问与答，会熟练做题。2. 要求学生能进行情态动词的辨析，掌握情态动词表示猜测的用法，并熟练做题。【教学重点难点】情态动词can, may, must, ought to , will, shall, should, would , need, dare的用法【知识梳理】考点一：情态动词的分类及用法1. can/could的基本用法： 表示体力或智力上的能力，即“能够，会”，可与be able to转换,过去时是could。例：He can speak English. = He is able to speak English.  Can you play basketball?  No, I cant.  如果表示将来具备的能力，要用will be able to。例：If I have a good sleep, I will be able to do the problem.  表示许可，主要用于口语，书面语一般用may。例：Can we go home now, please?  No, you cant.  2. may/might的基本用法: 表示“许可”，用can比较口语化,过去时是might。例：You may / can come if you wish.  如果你想来，你就来。You may not pick flowers in this park.  本公园内不许摘花。（may not表示按规定不许可，如果用mustnt则表示说话人不许可。）May I smoke here?  我可以在这里抽烟吗？No, you mustnt. 不行。（mustnt表示明确的禁止。） 肯定句中表示推测，“可能”。例：It may rain tomorrow.  明天可能会下雨。The news may not be true.  这个消息可能不会是真的。注意：如果在疑问句中表示“可能”，通常用can。例：Can it be true?  那会是真的吗？Who can he be?  他究竟是谁呢？ 【注意】：May I/we？Yes, you may./No, you mustnt. 3. must的基本用法: 表示必须，强调说话人的主观意志。例：I must go now, or Ill be late.  You must be here by ten oclock.  【注意】：表示“必须“时，must的否定式为neednt，或dont have to, 而不是mustnt。也就是：Must I/we do it now？Yes, you must . No, you neednt /dont have to . 例：Must I go with them? No, you neednt.  表示推测，一般只用于肯定陈述句,表示非常肯定。例：She didnt look at me. She must be angry.  她不朝我看，一定是生气了。4. have to的基本用法： have to可视为情态动词，但它与其他情态动词在用法上稍有不同。其他情态动词没有人称和数的变化，而have to却有人称和数的变化，要视主语不同而变化。例：I / You / We / They have to. He / She / It has to. You dont have to.Does she have to?have to =have got to，意思是“必须，不得不”。和must不同之处：must强调主观需要have to强调客观需要。例：Sorry, I have to leave now.  对不起，现在我得走了。Ive got to go to a meeting.  我得去参加一个会议。Will he have to work deep into the night?  他将不得不工作到深夜吗？5. need的基本用法：need的基本词义是“需要”，它既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词。 need用作情态动词时，只用于否定句和疑问句。它只有一种形式，后接动词原形。例：I dont believe you need worry.  我相信你没有必要焦急。Need we go so soon? 我们需要这么早就去吗？ Yes, we must. / No, we neednt.  是的，必须。不，不必。So I neednt tell him, need I?  所以我不需要告诉他，对吧？请比较以下两句话的不同意思：You neednt buy the coat.  你没有必要买那件外衣。（你还没买）You neednt have bought the coat.  你没有必要买这件外衣的。（而你却买了）【注意】：Need I/we？Yes，you must ./No, you neednt / dont have to. need用作实义动词时，有时态、人称和数的变化。如果人作主语，一般后接带to的动词不定式。即need to do sth；如果物作主语，一般后用need to be done 或need doing sth。例如：I need to look up this word in the dictionary.  My watch needs mending/to be mended.  我的手表需要修理了。We dont need to work today.  (= We neednt work today.)  Does he need to go right now?  (= Need he go right now?)  6. shall的基本用法：1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。Shall I get some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令）7. will/would的基本用法：will1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。2）表请求，用于疑问句。Will you close the window? Its a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。would1）表意I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。8.ought to/used to的基本用法：ought to:1）表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲，应当管他。2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。考点二：情态动词的辨析1must和have to两者都表示“必须”的意思，但must含有说话人主观上的看法、态度；have to则表示客观上的需要。【考例1】Must we finish giving out the posters today?Yes, we _. It cant be put off any longer. 太原A. can B. may C. must 答案C【考例2】I didnt pass the math test. I think I have spent too much time playing computer games recently.I agree. You_ play like that any more. 河南A. neednt B. mustnt C. may not D. wouldnt 答案B【考例3】When traffic lights are red. We _stop and wait. 南京A. may B. can C. must D. might. 答案C【考例4】I really like playing computer games! Im afraid you _stop，for your study and your health. 宜昌 A. am B. will Cmay Dmust 答案D2can和could两者都可用来表能力，意为“能够，会”；可用来表示许可(常用在口语中)或表示怀疑、惊异、不相信等态度(常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。【考例1】Could I borrow your dictionary?Of course you _.陕西A. can B. must C. should D. will 答案A【考例2】Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom?No. It _be Tom. He has gone to Paris. 长沙市A. may not B. neednt C. cant 答案C【考例3】Mary, _ you speak Chinese? Yes, only a little. 北京A. must B. need C. may D. can 答案D3shall和should shall用于第一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于第二、三人称肯定句或否定句表示说话人给予对方的“禁止、命令、警告、允诺或威胁等”。 should用来表示建议、责任、义务时，可译为“应该，应当”，此时可用ought to替换；可用来表示惊讶、忧虑、赞叹等不满情绪(用在疑问句中)；还可用来委婉地陈述自己的意见。【考例】Schools _allow students at least one hour a day for sports. 安徽A. would B. might C. should D. could 答案C 4had better和would rather “had better+动词原形”意为“最好做”，否定句式为had better not。“would rather+动词原形”意为“宁可，宁愿”，否定句式为would rather not。【考例1】Bob，may I _your MP4?SureBut youd better not _it to others福州A. end；lend B lend；borrow C. borrow；borrow D. borrow；lend答案D【考例2】What about playing football this afternoon, Sam?I would rather _ at home than football. Its too hot outside. 南京A. stay; playing B. stay; playC. to stay; to play D. to stay; playing答案：B 考点三：考查情态动词表推测的用法对现在或将来的推测用“情态动词+动词原形”。肯定的推测一般用must，should，may (might)或can(could)，其中，must的语气最强。意为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，意为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may (might)，can(could)的语气最弱，意为“有时会”、“也许”、“可能”。否定推测分为两种情况：语气不很肯定时，常用maymightcould not，意为“可能不”、“也许不”；否定语气较强时，则用cant，意为“根本不可能”、“一定不能”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。【考例1】You _be tired after working for eight hours without a rest. 广东A. can B. may C. must D. need 答案C【考例2】Look at the boy running on the groundIs it Davis? It _be himI saw him go to the teachers office just now黄冈A. must B. cant C. could D. might 答案 B【板书设计】 can/couldmay/mightmusthave to分类及用法 needshall/shouldwill/wouldought to/used to情态 must和have to动词 can和could辨析 shall和should had better和would rather 肯定：must>should>may/might/can/could表示猜测用法 否定：语气不很肯定时，常用maymightcould not 语气较强时，则用cant。【教后反思】