《中考英语总复习》考点15 现在完成时-备战2021年中考英语考点一遍过 （原卷版）.doc

考点15 现在完成时常见考法：对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用这一知识点。现在完成时基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他）过去分词变化规则如下：1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点：（1）一般动词，在词尾直接加-ed 。workworkedworkedvisitvisitedvisited（2）以 e 结尾的动词，只在词尾加-d 。 livelivedlived （3）以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加-ed 。studystudiedstudiedcrycriedcried（4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed 。stopstoppedstoppeddropdroppeddropped2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。cutcutcutithithit现在完成时用法1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响照片不在这里。2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)注意：for和since的用法。for + 时间段 译为：时间since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从以来)since + 时间段 + agosince + 从句(过去时)It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时)注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose.)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：come/arrive/reach/get tobe in go outbe out finishbe over openbe open diebe dead buyhave Fall illbe ill Come backbe back Put onbe on/wear Worrybe worried Catch a coldhave a cold现在完成时连用的时间状语现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如for+时间段，since+时间点。如：We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如：Ive just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如：How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何？The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等现在完成时与一般过去时区别1. 侧重点不同现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如：I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容）I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影）Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑）Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天）2. 时间状语不同现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及for+段时间，since+过去时间/从句等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与时间段+ago，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如：She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。一、用所给单词的适当形式填空1. Every student _ (see) the film already.2. Kent and I _ (write) a song before.3. Dick _ (do) the work these days.4. The people in the mountains _ never _ (see) films.5. Patty _ (buy) a magazine about the school life.6. The actress _ (live) here all her life.7. The glass is broken. Who _ (break) this glass?8. Finally the workers _ (finish) that job.9. _ you _ (borrow) the book we talked abut last time?10. Theres no more wine in the bottle. They _ (drink) all of it.二、单项选择1. Recently, school violence _ in some schools. Luckily, our government has carried out some policies to stop it. A. has appearedB. appearedC. will appear D. appears 2. Andy, with his parents, _ Hong Kong, and some shopping _ by them. A. have gone to; will do B. has gone to; will be done C. have been to; will do D. has been to; do3. Its time to work now. OK. Ill wake Carl up. He _ for an hour. A. has fallen asleep B. has been asleep C. fell asleep D. falls asleep4. When will you hand in your book report?Sorry, Im not sure. I _ writing it yet.A. didnt finish B. dont finish C. hadnt finished D. havent finished5. My pen pal said he would write to me, but I _ any letters from him so far.A. wont receive B. havent received C. hadnt received D. didnt receive1. 【2020 北京市】We _ each other since I came to Beijing, but we send emails very often.A. don't seeB. didn't seeC. won't seeD. haven't seen2. 【2020 贵州省安顺市】Since 1990, Project Hope _ millions of students from poor families realize their dreams.A. will helpB. has helpedC. helps3. 【2020 贵州铜仁市】Maria, what do you think of Mount Fanjing?Very cool. I_ there once. Id like to go there again.A. has beenB. have beenC. have goneD. has gone4. 【2020 黑龙江哈尔滨市】Hi, Jill. I _ in my math since you shared your good experience with me.Great! Congratulations!A. have made rapid progressB. made rapid progressC. will make rapid progress5. 【2020 四川省成都市】Bob, you _in this city since 2018. How do you like it?A. livedB. liveC. have lived6. 【2020 凉山州】-It's 20 years since we came back to Liangshan.-How time flies! We _ in our hometown for such a long time.A. workB. workedC. has workedD. have worked7. 【2020 甘肃武威市】I _ the guitar ever since I was 8 years old.A. playedB. have playedC. am playingD. will play8. 【2020 河北省】Im so glad that I nearly half of the test now.A. finishB. finishedC. will finishD. have finished9. 【2020 南通市】Mr Jiang _ the company to develop the 5G network for years. Now he works as the chief engineer in it.A. joinedB. was a member ofC. has joinedD. has been a member of10. 【2020 江苏泰州市】Some primary and secondary schools _ winter sports to their courses since Beijing won the right to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.A. addedB. will addC. have addedD. were adding11. 【2020 镇江市】Mum, I want to watch the news about our school. Change the channel, please!What a pity! It is eight o'clock now. It_ for a while.A. has been overB. was overC. has finishedD. finished12. 【2020 辽宁丹东】Mum, where is dad?He _ the supermarket.A. was going toB. has gone toC. has been toD. is going to13. 【2020 山东日照】Let's go for a walk.But I _ my work yet.A. don't finishB. won't finishC. didn't finishD. haven't finished14. 【2020 昆明市】Since 1989, Project Hope_millions of young people from poor families achieve their dreams of going to school.A. will helpB. helpsC. has helpedD. is helping15.【2020 安徽省】 The air here is much fresher than before.Exactly! We a lot of trees in the past few years.AplantedBwere plantingChave plantedDwill plant16. 【2020 福建省】Han Mei, a good friend of mine, _ me a lot with my English in the past three years.AhelpsBhelpedChas helped17. 【2020 四川攀枝花】Where is your uncle? I haven't seen him for a long time. Oh, he_ Sydney.Awent toBhas been toChas gone toDgoes to18. 【2020 四川省遂宁市】 The new shirt looks good on you. When did you buy it?On July 7th. I_ it for a week.Ahave boughtBhave hadCboughtDbuy19. 【2020天津市】The book is popular. _ you _ it yet?Yes, I have.AAre; readingBWere; readingCHave; readDWill; read20. 【2020湖北省恩施州】I like novels written by J. K. Rowling. So far I _all her works about Harry Potter.Ahave readBreadCam reading21. 【2020鄂州市】What do you usually do in your spare time?I often go to our community library. It _ for two years in order to encourage us to read more.A. opensB. has openedC. has been openedD. has been open22.【2020武汉市】In the past 70 years, China_historic changes and made great achievements.A. experiencedB. experiencesC. has experiencedD. would experience23. 【2020湖北省咸宁市】Project Hope celebrated its 30 birthday in 2019.Yeah. It _ children from poor families the chance to go to school since 1989.A offeredB. has offeredC. is offeredD. is offering24. 【2020孝感市】So far, the number of people using 5G mobile phones _ a lot.A. is increasingB. are increasingC. has increasedD. have increased25. 【2020湖北省宜昌市】How about the third season of documentary Aerial China（航拍中国）?Great. I_ it twice.A. watchedB. watchC. will watchD. have watched26. 【2020湘西土家族苗族自治州】 Tina, is your father a teacher? Yes, he is. He _ English for nearly 20 years.A. is teachingB. teachC. has taught27.【2020 内蒙古包头市】Corn production _ nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years in China.AjumpedBjumpsCwill jumpDhas jumped1.【2020北京市101中学三模】 John speaks Chinese very well because he in China for many years A. livesB. has livedC. livedD. is living2. 【2020安徽省合肥市庐阳区二模】 When will you hand in your report, Sarah? Sorry, I _it. Tomorrow will be OK.A. dont completeB. won't completeC. haven't completedD. didn't complete3. 【2020福建省龙岩市二模】Huawei great progress in recent years. That's true. It is among the world's top 10 companies now.A. is makingB. has madeC. makes4. 【2020湖南省长沙市一模】 You look pale. Are you sick? Yes. I don't feel well. My sister was sick several days ago and I am afraid she_ me her cold.A. was givingB. will giveC. has given5.【2020江苏省南通市海门市二模】 I remember that Mr.Green once traveled broad. Not only Mr.Green but also his daughters _ abroad twice.A. have goneB. have beenC. has goneD. has been6. 【2020北京市昌平区二模】I am a little heavier than 6 months ago. I _ exercises since January.A. didn't doB. haven't doneC. am not doingD. won't do7. 【2020北京市丰台区三模】 Toms mother _ his room already. It is very clean. A. has cleanedB. cleanedC. will cleanD. is cleaning8.【2020北京市朝阳区中考零模】Its nice to see you again. We _ each other for a long time. A. didnt seeB. havent seenC. wont seeD. dont see9. 【2020北京市门头沟一模】 My uncle _ here since 1996. A. worksB. workedC. has workedD. will work