《中考英语总复习》秘籍05 非谓语动词-2020年中考英语抢分秘籍（原卷版）.doc

秘笈05 非谓语动词考点 1 非谓语动词非谓语动词是历年中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为24分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。中考考查重点： 1. 动词不定式；2. 动名词；3. 分词（现在分词和过去分词）。 非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。 构成：to + 动词原形 动词不定式 作用：作除谓语外的任何成分 构成：v-.ing/v.-ed(规则动词)动词的非谓语形式 分词 作用：表、定、状、补 构成：v.-ing 动名词 作用：主、宾、表、定考向1 不定式1. 动词不定式的作用句子成分用法例句作主语谓语动词用单数形式，为避免头重脚轻常用it作形式主语。常用句型有：It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为做某事对某人来说是。It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为做某事花费某人多长时间To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。作宾语常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like, want, like,hope, wish, plan，decide,learn, agree, try, remember, forget, expect, refuse,afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等think,find,believe等动词可用于动词+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中。it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。作定语动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有：time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition Can you give me a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗？作状语不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。To do a good job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。作表语放在系动词后作表语。My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。2. 不定式的特殊用法 使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的to则要加上。动词不定式的否定形式是not to do，其被动形式为to be done。Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。 常接疑问词+带to的不定式的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。考向2 动名词（一）动名词的构成动名词是由动词+-ing构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。（二）动名词作用句子成分用法例句作主语单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，常用的句型结构有：It is no use（good）+v.ing.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。It is no use arguing again.再去争吵也没有用。作表语放在系动词后面作表语Her job is looking after the children.她的工作是照顾这些小孩子。作宾语用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语的词有：avoid, finish, consider, give up, cannot help, allow, imagine, include, keep, mind, practice, suggest，succeed in, be used to do, look forward to, enjoy, be busyNo matter what happened, I wont give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情，我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。作定语用于名词前，起修饰说明作用There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有个游泳池。（三）动名词的特殊用法 即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, cant bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, cant afford等动词。有时两者之间的意义差别不大，但remember, regret, want, try等词后差别比较明显。考向3 分词（一）现在分词和过去分词的构成 现在分词由v.+ing构成，过去分词v.+ed(规则动词)构成。（二）分词的用法句子成分用法例句作定语现在分词表示正在进行，有主动的含义，过去分词表示已经完成，有被动的含义。The crying boy annoyed us a lot.那个哭泣的男孩使我们很烦恼。作表语放在系动词后作表语The story is interesting.I am interested in it. 这个故事很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。作宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的动作和状态He could hear his heart beating fast. 他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。作状语通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对主语的主要动作加以修饰。I got home, feeling very tired. 我疲惫地回到家里。非谓语动词解题七大原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式。原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing。原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致。原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或-ing的完成式）。原则七：用于名词后作定语时：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生；用-ing，表示动作正在进行；用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。【巧学妙记】后跟to do作宾语的动词（词组）(1)想要，拒绝，忘记 (want/would like, refuse, forget)(2)需要，努力，学习 (need, try, learn)(3)喜欢，同意，帮助 (like, agree, help)(4)希望，决定，开始 (hope/wish, decide, begin/start)【巧学妙记】巧记后跟动名词作宾语的动词喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)忍俊不禁(cant help)还介意(mind)1【2020·哈尔滨市松雷中学校初三】 More highways have been built in China, _ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.Amaking Bmade Cto make Dhaving made2.【2019·安徽师范大学教育集团初三】Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, _ the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni from home and abroad.AAttend BTo attend CAttending DHaving attended 3.【2019·江苏省初三月考】_ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.ALosing BHaving lost CLost DTo lose4.【2018·江苏省泰州中学附属初中初三月考】Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to _ a good researcher. Amake BTurn Cget Dgrow5.【2019·江苏省泰州中学附属初中初三月考】 In 1938, Pearl S. Buck became the first American woman _ the Nobel Prize for Literature. Awinning BWin Cwon Dto win6.【2019·沭阳县潼阳中学初二月考】The island, _ to the mainland by a new bridge, is much easier to visit.Ajoining Bhaving joined Cjoined Dto join7【2019·江苏省淮阴中学开明分校初三期末】Jack wasnt appointed chairman of the committee, _ not very popular with all its members.Ato be considered Bconsidering Chaving considered Dconsidered8【2019·江苏省泰州中学附属初中初三月考】The girl is so grateful whenever she remembers my brother and me _ her from the icy water.Ato have saved Bto save Csaving Dsaved9.【2019·江苏省盐城初三联考】The message is very important, so it is supposed _ as soon as possible.Ato be sent Bto send Cbeing sent Dsending10.【2019·江西省南昌市初三月考】_ her before, he didnt know she was his daughter.ANot having seen BHaving not seenCNot seeing DNot to see11.【2020·合肥市第四十六中学初三】_ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.AUnderstanding BTo be understoodCBeing understood DHaving understood12【2019·河南省郑州外国语中学附属初中初三月考】In 2015, China won the bid to host the Winter Olympics, _ Beijing the first city in the world to host both the Summer and Winter Games.Amake Bmaking Cto make Dmade13.【2019·浙江省中考模拟】He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. Aput Bto be putting Cputting Dto put1_ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness.AHaving freed BFreed CTo free DFreeing2. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.Ashare Bto share Chaving shared Dshared3. When _ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.Aasking BAsked Chaving asked Dto be asked4. He is rather difficult to make friends with, but his friendship，_ is more true than any other.A. once gainedB. when to gainC. after gainingD. while gaining5Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _ to ruins, the city took on a new look.Areducing Breduced Cbeing reduced Dhaving reduced 5. Several years ago they found in England a tomb of a man _ from around 2,300 BCAdated Bdating Cdates Dto date6It didnt take a long time for the connection between the missing money and our partners new car _.Ato make Bto be made Cmaking Dbeing made7-Youve made great progress in your studies of English, havent you?- Yes, but much_.A remains to do Bis remained to doCis remained to be done Dremains to be done8Beijing's new international airport _ into use in 2019 will serve 72 million passengers annually.Abeing put Bto be put Cput Dputting9Volunteering gives you a chance _ lives, including your own.Achange Bchanging Cchanged Dto change10Ladex doest feel like _ abroad.Her parents are old.Astudy Bstudying Cstudied Dto study11I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.Ato wind Bwind Cwinding Dwound12The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked.Alaid BLaying Cto lay Dbeing laid13 It is said that _ to classic music may be helpful i n improving teenagers taste. Aexposed Bexposing Cbeing exposed Dhaving exposed