《中考英语总复习》2020年初中英语10大词类详解+用法+考点(总结详细篇).docx
2020年初中英语10大词类详解+用法+考点(总结详细篇)一、词性得分类词类又叫词性,英语单词凭据其在句子中得功用,可以分红十个大年夜类。1.名词 noun n. student 学生2.代词 pronoun pron. you 你3.形容词 adjective adj. happy 雀跃得4.副词 adverb adv. quickly 敏捷地5.动词 verb v. cut 砍、割6.数词 numeral num. three 三7.冠词 article art. a 一个8.介词 preposition prep. at 在.9.连词 conjunction conj. and 和10.慨叹词 interjection interj. oh 哦前六类叫实词,后四类叫虚词。二、名词名词单数得规则改变名词得格在英语中有些名词可以加“s”来示意所有关系,带这种词尾得名词形式称为该名词得所有格,如:a teachers book。名词所有格得规则如下:(1)单数名词词尾加“'s”,单数名词词尾没有s,也要加“'s”,如the boys bag 男孩得书包,mens room 男厕所。(2)若名词已有单数词尾-s ,只加“'”,如:the workers struggle工人得斗争。三、代词大年夜少数代词具有名词和形容词得功用。英语中得代词,按其意义、特征及在句中得作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指导代词、反身代词、彼此代词、疑问代词、关系代词、毗邻代词和不定代词九种。人称代词得用法:指导代词指导代词分单数(this / that)和单数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限制词又可做代词。疑问代词指人:who, whom, whose指物:what既可指人又可指物:which四、冠词冠词是位于名词或名词词组之前或以后,在句子里首如果对名词起限制作用得词。冠词是一种虚词。不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是“一个”得意思。定冠词得用法定冠词the与指导代词this,that同源,有“那(这)个”得意思。(1)特指双方都熟悉打听得人或物:Take the medicine.把药吃了。(2)上文提到过得人或事:He bought a house. Ive been to the house.(3)指世上独一物二得事物:the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth(敲黑板,这个是常常会在选择题中考到得常识点)(4)单数名词连用示意一类事物,如:the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸;(5)用在序数词和形容词第一流,及形容词only, very, same等前方:Where do you live?I live on the second floor.你住在哪?我住在二层。(6)与单数名词连用,指全部群体:They are the teachers of this school.指全体教员)They are teachers of this school.(指局部教员)(7)用在专有名词前:the Peoples Republic of China中华人平易近共和国(8)用在姓氏得单数名词之前,示意一家人:the Greens格林一家人 (或格林匹俦)五、数词示意数目若干得数词叫基数词;示意递次得数词叫序数词。序数词示意布列得递次序数词得缩写形式为阿拉伯数字加序数词得最后两个字母.如:first-1st;second-2nd;third-3rd;thirty-first-31st基数词变序数词得巧记口诀一,二,三要全变;(one-first; two-second;three- third)其他都加th,th里有破例,8往t,(eight-eighth) 9往e(nine-ninth)字母f代ve(five-fifth; twelve-twelfth);ty变成tie(twenty-twentieth)若要改变几十几,只变个位便可以(twenty-one-twenty-first)数词得用法(1)倍数示意法a. 主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + asI have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那末多。b. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount,length) ofThe earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球得49倍。c. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比拟级+ thanThe grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.d. 还可以用by+倍数,示意增加若干倍The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.(2)分数示意法组成:基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母。分子大年夜于1时,分子得序数词用单数,分母序数词用单数:1/3 one-third ;3/37 three and three-sevenths六、形容词重要用来润饰名词得词,示意事物得特征。形容词用来润饰名词或代词,示意人或事物得性质、状况,和特征得水平是非,与否。形容词作定语润饰名词时,要放在名词得前边。然则若是形容词润饰以-thing为字尾得词语时,要放在这些词以后,例如:something nice以-ly开头得形容词(1)friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。(2)有些以-ly 开头既为形容词,也为副词。daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,earlyThe Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.用形容词示意类别和整体某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词得单数毗邻。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry七、副词副词(adverb,简写为adv)是一种用来润饰动词、形容词、全句得词,申明时候、地方、水平、体式格式等概念得词。副词是一种半虚半实得词。副词可分为:地方副词、体式格式副词、水平副词、疑问副词和毗邻副词。兼有两种形式得副词(1)close与closelyclose意思是“近”;closely 意思是“细心地”He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.(2)late 与latelylate意思是“晚”;lately 意思是“比来”You have come too late.What have you been doing lately?形容词与副词得比拟级大年夜少数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比拟级和第一流得改变,即原级、比拟级和第一流,用来示意事物得品级差别。原级即形容词得实情,比拟级和第一流有规则改变和不规则改变两种。(1)规则改变(2) 不规则改变有少数形容词、副词得比拟级和第一流是不规则得,必需熟记。如:good better bestwell better bestbad worse worstill worse worstold older/elder oldest/eldestmany/much more mostlittle less leastfar further/farther furthest/farthest8、动词动词凭据其后是不是可干脆跟宾语,可分为两类,判袂是:及物动词(可干脆跟宾语)、不及物动词(不克不及干脆跟宾语,若要跟宾语,必需加上某个介词)。系动词(1)状况系动词:用来示意主语状况,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher.(2)持续系动词:用来示意主语持续或坚持一种状况或态度,重要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand,例如:He always kept silent at meeting.他休会时总坚持默然。(3)表像系动词:用来示意“看起来像”这一概念,重要有seem, appear, look,例如:He looks tired.他看起来很累。(4)感官系动词:感官系动词重要有feel, smell, sound, taste,例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft.This flower smells very sweet.(5)改变系动词:这些系动词示意主语变成什么样,改变系动词有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如:He became mad after that.自那以后,他疯了。(6)终止系动词:示意主语已终止举措,重要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实”,“变成”之意,例如:The search proved difficult.搜寻证实很难。九、连词连词是一种虚词, 它不克不及自力担当句子成分而只起毗邻词与词,短语与短语和句与句得作用。连词重要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来毗邻平行得词、词组和分句。如:and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, bothand, not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor, (and)then等等。比拟so和 suchsuch 是形容词,润饰名词或名词词组。so是副词,只能润饰形容词或副词。so 还可与示意数目得形容词many,few,much, little连用,形成固定搭配。so + adj. such + a(n) + n.so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.)so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.)so + adj. + n. 不可数 such +n. 不可数so foolish ;such a foolso nice a flower;such a nice flowerso many/ few flowers;such nice flowersso much/little money;such rapid progressso many people ;such a lot of people十、介词介词是一种用来示意词与词、词与句之间得关系得虚词,在句中不克不及单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词得其他词类,短语或从句作它得宾语。介词和它得宾语组成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。介词得分类地方(位置、范围)介词above在前, about在四周, across在对面, after在后面, against倚着., along在近旁, among在中央, around在周围, round在.周围, at在处, before在.前, behind在.后, below低于., beside在.旁边, between在.之间, by在.旁, down在.下面, from来自., in在.外面, inside在.外面,等等。偏向(目标趋势)介词across横越., against匹敌., along沿着., around绕着., round环绕., at朝着., behind向后面, etweenand从到.,by途经/通过., down向下, for向., from从/离., in进进., into进进., inside到.外面, near接近., off脱离/除., on向.上, out of向.外, outside向.外, over跨过., past颠末/超越., through穿过., to向/朝., towards朝着., on to到.上面, onto到.上面, up向.上, away from远离.时候介词about大年夜约., after在以后, at在 (时刻), before在之前, by到为止, during在时代, for有(之久), from从(时)起, in在(上/下昼);在(多久)以后, on在(某日), past过了(时), since自从(至今), through 贯串(时代), till直到时, until直到时, to到(下一时刻), ever since从那时起至今,at the beginning of在.入手下手时 ,at the end of在.末 , in the middle of在.傍边 ,at the time of在.时体式格式介词as作为/当作., by用/由/乘坐/被., in用(措辞), like与一样, on骑(车)/徒(步),通过(收音机/电视机), over通过(收音机), through通过., with用(材料),用(手/足/耳/眼), without没有涉及介词about关于., except除, besides除还. for关于/就而言, in在(方面), of得,有关., on关于/有关., to对而言, towards针对., with就而言其它介词【目得介词】 for为了., from避免, to为了【原因介词】 for因为., with因为, because of因为.【比拟介词】 as与一样,like象一样,than比.,to与比拟, unlike与不同不规则动词改变表AAA型(实情实情实情)ABA型(实情过往式实情)ABC型1. ow ew own2. i a u3. 实情 过往式 过往式+(e)n4. 实情 过往式 实情+(e)n5. 无规律ABB型1. 实情 ought ought2. 实情 aught aught3. 改动其中一个元音字母4. 实情 t t5. 改动其中一个子音字母6. 子音字母和元音字母都改动AAB型有两种形式神志动词神志动词