论麦德龙供应链管理模式及研究思考-商务英语.docx

天津大学仁爱学院2019届本科生毕业论文OutlineThesis Statement: This paper analyses the current situation of supply chain management of Chinese commercial enterprises and the necessity of developing supply chain management. It also makes a detailed analysis of the supply chain management of Metro, the second and third European business group, in China's joint venture company. On this basis, it studies and considers the development of supply chain management of Metro in China. Introduction to Supply ChainA Supply Chain ConceptB Supply Chain TypeC Supply Chain Management ConceptD supply chain management methods-QR and ECR. Current Situation of Supply Chain Management in Circulation FieldA Current Situation of Supply Chain Management in Foreign Commercial EnterprisesB Current Situation of Supply Chain Management in DomesticCommercial Enterprises. Research on Supply Chain Management of Metro in ChinaA Brief Introduction of Metro Country in ChinaB Metro's Competitive Strategy AnalysisC China Metro Supply ChainD Analysis of Metro Supply Chain ManagementE Summary of Metro Supply Chain Management. Consideration on the Development of Supply Chain Management of Metro in ChinaA Establishing Supply Chain Cooperation is the Core of Supply Chain ManagementB Physical Management is an Important Component of Supply Chain ManagementC Customer Demand is the Power of Supply Chain Development. E-commerce and Supply Chain ManagementA Summary of Electronic CommerceB The Impact of B2B E-commerce Development on Supply Chain ManagementC Metro E-commerce Planning. Supply Chain Management of Modern Commerce in ChinaA Specialized Development of Commercial Enterprises under Supply Chain Management EnvironmentB Logistics ManagementC Information Logistics ManagementD Supply Chain Information System Management Software. ConclusionAbstract In the 21st century, any enterprise can only take the initiative to compete if it forms a supply chain with other companies. This view has gained wide consensus in academia and business. Supply chain management is an inevitable trend of enterprise management development. The competition among enterprises is the supply chain competition between them. At present, China's commercial enterprises are facing a severe competitive environment. Supply chain management is an effective way for Chinese commercial enterprises to improve their market competitiveness and get rid of difficulties. This paper analyzes the status quo of supply chain management of commercial enterprises in China and the necessity of developing supply chain management: a detailed analysis of the supply chain management of Metro in China and the third largest business group in China. On this basis, the research and analysis of the development direction of China Metro's supply chain management; for the reality of China's commercial enterprises, the application of effective supply chain management model rapid response and effective user response to modern management ideas, learn from excellent enterprises The management experience, put forward the specific plan for the implementation of supply chain management in China's commercial enterprises. This study can be used as a reference for the development of supply chain management in China's commercial enterprises.Keywords: supply chain management; logistics; information systems; e-commerceOn METRO's Supply Chain Management Model and Its Research ThinkingI. Introduction to Supply ChainA. Brief Introduction to the Concept of Supply ChainThe supply chain is a functional network structure mode that integrates suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and end users around the core enterprises through the control of information flow, logistics and capital flow. The supply chain is composed of all the franchise enterprises, in which a core enterprise (either a product manufacturer or a large retail enterprise, such as Wal-Mart in the United States or Metro in Germany) is a node. Node enterprises have a relationship between demand and supply. Driven by demand information, nodal enterprises realize the continuous increment of the whole supply chain through the division and cooperation of supply chain functions (production, distribution, retail, etc.) through the media of capital flow, logistics or service flow. Supply chain has the following characteristics.1. Complexity. Because different supply chains consist of multiple, multi-type and even multi-national enterprises.2. Dynamics. Supply chain management needs to be updated dynamically because of enterprise strategy and adapting to the changing market demand, which makes the supply chain dynamic.3. Oriented to user needs. The formation, existence and reconstruction of supply chain are all based on the market demand.In the process of supply chain operation, user demand pull is the driving source of information flow, product/service flow and capital flow operation in supply chain.4. Cross-cutting. Node enterprises can be members of this supply chain. At the same time, they are members of another supply chain. Many supply chains form cross-structure, which increases the difficulty of coordination management.B. Types of Supply ChainAccording to the function mode of supply chain (logistics function and business flow function), supply chain can be divided into two kinds: efficient supply chain and reactive supply chain. Effective supply chain mainly embodies the logistics function of supply chain, that is, converting raw materials into final products at the lowest cost, and transferring them from one node of supply chain to the next. Nodes: Reactive supply chain mainly embodies the business flow function of supply chain, that is, to distribute products to the market that meets the needs of customers, and to respond quickly to unknown needs. Comparison of two types of supply chainsReactive Supply ChainEffective Supply ChainBasic objectivesRespond to unpredictable demand as soon as possible to minimize shortages and depreciated inventorySupply predictable demand at the lowest costInventory strategyEstablish a reasonable quantity of purchaseAccelerate inventory cycle and reduce inventoryLead timeInvest heavily to shorten lead timeShorten lead time as far as possible within a certain cost rangeSupplier StandardsSpeed Flexible Mass as the CoreCost and quality as the coreC. The Concept of Supply Chain ManagementSupply chain management uses an integrated management idea and method to plan, organize, coordinate and control the logistics or service flow, information flow, capital flow and trading partnership in the supply chain. The goal of supply chain management is to improve the level of customer service and reduce the total transaction cost, and to find a balance between the two objectives. Supply chain management is to make supplyChain has changed from a loosely connected group of independent enterprises to a cooperative force dedicated to improving efficiency and competitiveness. The motive behind supply chain management is to increase the competitiveness of supply chain. It contains two basic beliefs:1. Cooperative behavior will reduce risk. The large amount of inventory allocated in the traditional supply chain constitutes a great risk sharing information and a common plan that can eliminate or reduce risks associated with inventory speculation.2. Improve the efficiency of the whole logistics process, eliminate waste and duplication. Through the transformation of business processes within and among enterprises, we can eliminate duplicate and ineffective labor in the process, and make resources increase in value in each process, so as to achieve the lowest cost and the highest efficiency. For supply chain management, there are many different definitions and appellations, such as effective user response, rapid response, virtual logistics or company.Continue to add, and so on. These appellations vary according to different levels and perspectives, but they all achieve cooperation between internal and external enterprises through planning and control. To a certain extent, they integrate two aspects of supply chain and value-added chain.D. Supply Chain Management Methodologies QR and ECR1. QRThe concept of QR was first applied between retail and textile industries. It is a strategic partnership between retailers and manufacturers, which uses information technology such as electronic information to exchange information at sales time and other business information such as order replenishment, and continuously replenishes goods by means of multi-frequency and small-quantity distribution in order to shorten the delivery cycle, reduce inventory, improve customer service level and enterprise competitiveness. Jamie Bolton, an American scholar, believes that QR is an application of Just-in-Time in retail industry.Blackburn (1991) summarized nine conditions for QR success on the basis of the research on QR of American textile and apparel industry.(1) We must change the traditional management mode and innovate the management consciousness and organization of enterprises, which are embodied in the following five aspects:(2) An enterprise should not confine itself to the traditional management consciousness of improving its operational efficiency by relying on its own strength. It is necessary to establish a modern management consciousness of improving its operational efficiency by establishing partnerships with all parties in the supply chain and making great efforts to utilize resources of all parties.(3) Retailers play a leading role in vertical QR system, and retail stores are the starting point of vertical QR system.(4) Within the vertical QR system, sales information and cost information such as POS data are disclosed and exchanged with each other.To improve the operational efficiency of various enterprises.(5) Define the scope and form of division of labor and cooperation among enterprises in vertical QR system, eliminate duplicate work, and establish an effective framework for division of labor and cooperation.(6) It is necessary to change the traditional way of transaction operation. Paperless and automated transaction operation can be realized by using information technology.Second, we must develop and apply modern information processing technology, which is the prerequisite for successful QR activities. These information technologies include commodity bar code technology, logistics bar code technology, electronic order system, POS data reading system, EDI system, advance delivery list technology, EFT system, vendor managed inventory mode, continuous replenishment inventory mode, etc.(7) Strategic partnerships must be established with all parties in the supply chain. Specific contents include the following two aspects: First, actively seeking and developing strategic partners. The second is to establish a division of labor and cooperative relationship among partners. Establish a division of labour and a cooperative relationship among partners. Avoid the occurrence of shortage, reduce commodity risk, avoid the occurrence of substantial price reduction, reduce operators and simplify transactional operations.(8) It is necessary to change the traditional business information confidentiality practices of listed enterprises. Sales information, inventory information, production information, cost information and other information should be exchanged and shared with partners. On this basis, all parties are required to find, analyze and solve problems together.(9) Suppliers must shorten production cycle and reduce commodity inventory. Specifically, suppliers should strive to shorten the production cycle of goods. To reduce the inventory level of retailers and improve the level of customer service, we should carry out multi-variety, small batch production and multi-frequency and small quantity distribution. JIT production mode is adopted to organize production when the actual needs of commodities are about to occur, so as to reduce the inventory level of suppliers themselves.The application of QR brings competitive advantages to retailers and suppliers. According to Blackburn (1991), the effect of QR is shown in chatObjectcommoditySupply Chain Enterprises Constituting QR SystemsSupply Chain Enterprises Constituting QR SystemsCasual pantsWal-martSemiloeMillikenSales: 31% increase Commodity turnover: 30% increaseshirtJ.C.PenneyOxfordBurlintonSales: 59% increaseCommodity turnover: 90% increaseDemand forecasting error: 50% reductionBlackburn's research results show that retailers'sales increase substantially, commodity turnover rate increases substantially, demand forecasting error decreases substantially, and they gain obvious competitive advantage after applying QR system.2. ECRECR was first proposed by retailers in the food and supermarket industries following the success of QR in general merchandise retailing. It is a new commodity circulation mode guided by the system concept, which integrates the economic activities of manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers, and meets the needs of consumers with the lowest cost, the fastest speed and the best service. ECR circulation model has been widely promoted in Europe, the United States, Japan and Taiwan, and its management concepts and system methods have been widely used in the retail industry and achieved good economic benefits. ECR Circulation Model and Traditional Circulation Model Compare. They are essentially different.In the traditional circulation mode, the whole circulation process is artificially divided into several closed links, among which there are nodes, decentralized decision-making, antagonistic relationship between suppliers and middlemen. The commodity replenishment system is not connected, which leads to the increase of middlemen's inventory and the decrease of circulation efficiency and the increase of circulation cost. ECR model regards the whole circulation process as a complete process, eliminating unnecessary links, and realizing the optimization of overall decision-making through the innovation of concept, organization and information technology in the whole circulation process. To sum up, the circulation mode of ECR has the following main characteristics:Take consumer demand as the pulling force of the system.Remove all kinds of "fences" in the whole commodity supply chain to strengthen competition through cooperation.The main technical support of the system is information network and computer software.Improving the framework of circulation organization, logistics technology marketing management and quality management, etc.The core content of ECR circulation mode is management. To transform from traditional circulation mode to ECR circulation mode, it is necessary to revoluti