2022年情态动词用法教案.docx
精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载一、教学内容:情态动词二、教学目标:1、把握情态动词的基本用法 2、把握情态动词辨析 三、教学重难点:1、从整体上把握情态动词的语法和语义特点 2、把握每个情态动词在实际语境中的用法特点及功能 四、教学过程(一)情态动词的基本用法 1、情态动词的类型和特点类型例词(might )只作情态动词的有must/ can could /may 可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有need/ dare 可作情态动词也可作助动词的有will would/ shall should 具有情态动词某些特点的有 have to /ought to 2、情态动词的用法(1)can/could 的用法情态动词意义及用法说明例句表才能,“ 能,会“Can you play basketball. 你会打篮球吗?can/could 表怀疑、推测,常用语否定句或疑问句He can t be in the room. 他不行能在房间里;could 是 can 的过去式,可以表示过去 的才能I could swim when I was seven years old. 我七岁时就会游泳;名师归纳总结 以 can 开头的一般疑问句,其确定与否定回答分别用can 和 cant. 第 1 页,共 5 页(2)may/might的用法例句情态动词意义及用法说明may/might 表估计,“ 可能,或许“ ,用于确定 句; might 比 may 语气弱He may come tomorrow. 他明天可能会来;- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载表恳求,用于主语为第一人称的一般 May I go now. 疑问句时,其否定回答用mustn t 或 No, you mustn t. cant ,不用 may not, 意为“ 不行以,我现在可以走了吗?不许,禁止“ ;might 语气更动听不,不行以;can 和 may 都可用来表征求看法或许可,意为“ 可以“ ,一般可互换;(3)must 的用法情态动词意义及用法说明例句表“ 必需”I must go now. 我现在必需走了;表估计,“ 肯定“ ,一般用于确定句There s someone knocking on the door. It must be Jim. 有人在敲门;must 以 must 开头的疑问句,确定回答用确定是吉姆;Must I finish the work today. must, 否定回答常用needn t 或 dont No, you needn t. have to, 意为“ 不需要,不必” ,不能我今日必需完成这项工作用 mustn t 吗?不,你不必;在疑问句和否定句中一般用 can 表示估计,否定句中也可用 may ,但 may not 表示“ 可能不“ ,而 cant 表示” 不行能“ ;在否定句中,mustn t 表示禁止,” 不答应“ ;(4)need 和 dare 的用法二者既可作情态动词也可作实义动词动词意义及用法说明例句没有人称和数的变化,直接接动词原形,He needn t do it. 只用于否定句或疑问句,构成否定句或疑问 他不需要做那事;句时不用助动词;need 情态动词用 need 提问时,确定回答用must, 否定回Need I hand in my /homework now. Yes, you must./No, you needn t. 我有必要现在就交答用 needn t 作业吗?是的,你必需交;不,你不必;名师归纳总结 实义动词有人称和数的变化,可用于确定句、否定句He doesn t need to 第 2 页,共 5 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载或疑问句,构成否定句或疑问句时要用助动 do it. 词 do,does, did Need 作实义动词,仍可表“ 需要” ,后接 动名词的主动形式表示被动含义;他不需要做那件 事;The floor needs sweeping.=The floor need to be swept. 这地需要打扫了;(5)shallshould,willwould 的用法情态动词 意义及用法说明 例句 shall 用于第一人称,表征求看法、Shall I open the window. 询问;用于其次三人称时,表 警告、命令、承诺等我打开窗户好吗?Shall we have lunch here. 我们在这儿吃午饭好吗?You shall hand in your papers when the bell rings. 铃响时你们就得交试卷;should 常用来表示义务、责任We should obey traffic rules. 我们要遵守交通规章;will 用于其次人称表询问、恳求,Will you pass me the book. 也可表达现在的“ 意愿”你能把那本书递给我吗?We will do anything for you. 我们情愿为你做任何事;would 表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问Would you tell me the way to the station. 你能告知我去车站的路吗?(6)题组练习Dont drive too fast, or you have a accident. May I park my car here. No, you .You should park the car in the car park. What a nice day. we go surfing. Good idea. You worry about him. He is old enough to look after himself. There is a book on the ground. It be John s. Look. His photo is in it. A teacher also make a mistake if he is not careful enough. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载Lets go dancing tonigh. Sorry, I . I have to go to a meeting. 答案: may/mustn t/Shall/needn tdon t have to/must/may/cant (二)情态动词辨析1、can 和 be able to 的区分can 和 be able to 表示才能时用法同,can 只用于一般现在时和一般过去时(could ),其他时态要用 be able to. 另外,表示过去某一特定情形下胜利做到某事,用 be able to. Jim couldn t speak Chinese last year, but now he can.我们下周能回来;There was a big fire in that building last night, but all the people were able to run away from it. 昨晚那幢大楼起火了,但全部人都胜利逃脱了;2、can 和 may 表可能性的区分在确定句中,常用 may 表示可能You had better ask the policeman. He may know the place. 察,他可能知道那个地方;你最好问问那个警在否定句中,如语气确定,表示”不行能 ”时用 cant; 如语气不愿定,就用may not. Mr. Li can t be in the room. He has gone to Beijing. 李老师不行能在房间里,他去北京了;Is John coming by train. 约翰是坐火车来吗?He may not. He likes driving his car. 他可能不是,他喜爱开他的车;3、could, should, would, might 表示委婉语气could, should, would, might等有时不表示过去时,而是表示委婉客气的语气;Would you tell me the way to the park. 你能告知我去公园的路吗?4、must 和 have/has to 的区分名师归纳总结 意思均为“ 必需“ ,常可以互换;但have/has to用于强调客观需要,意为” 必第 4 页,共 5 页须,不得不“ ; must 用于表示主观意愿,意为” 必需“;- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载I have to go to school now. 我现在必需去上学了;We must work hard at school. 5、maybe 和 may be 的区分 may 为情态动词,后加动词原形在学校我们必需努力学习;be,常用在句中; maybe 为副词,表示“ 大致,或许” ,相当于 perhaps ,常用于句首;6、cant 和 mustn t 的区分表否定估计时用cant; mustn t 表示“ 禁止,不答应“ ,在确定句中must 表推测,意为” 肯定“ ;7、题组练习 Let s set out for Beijing before 5 a.m. Then we sunrise. 能够 get there before That man 不行能 be Mr. Zhang. He has gone to Beijing on business. I 能,会 fly a kite at the age of five. He a student. I m not sure. Mother was badly ill yesterday, so I after her. 不得不 stay at home and looked 答案: will be able to/cant/couldwas able to/may be/had to (三)专项测试名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页