高中英语构词法精选PPT.ppt

关于高中英语构词法关于高中英语构词法现在学习的是第1页，共32页构词法构词法：合成(Compounding)派生法（Derivation）【前缀/后缀】转化法（Conversion）【词性转换】现在学习的是第2页，共32页合成词合成词 Compoundpain-killer现在学习的是第3页，共32页color-blind现在学习的是第4页，共32页sleep-walksleep-walker现在学习的是第5页，共32页1.合成名词合成名词 (1)n+n air conditioner blood pressure income tax credit card (2)adj+n central bank fast food空调空调 血压血压所得税所得税 信用卡信用卡中央银行中央银行 快餐快餐现在学习的是第6页，共32页 solar system remote control (3)v-ing+另一词另一词 washing machine driving license (4)其他方式其他方式 by-product editor-in-chief太阳系太阳系 遥控遥控洗衣机洗衣机驾驶执照驾驶执照副产品副产品主编主编现在学习的是第7页，共32页2.合成形容词合成形容词 (1)过去分词或带过去分词或带ed词尾的词构成。词尾的词构成。absent-minded grey-haired (2)动词的动词的ing 或另一词构成或另一词构成 long-suffering far-reaching心不在焉的心不在焉的头发灰白的头发灰白的长期受苦的长期受苦的深远的深远的(影响影响)现在学习的是第8页，共32页3.合成动词及合成副词合成动词及合成副词 overeat baby-sit empty-handed 吃得太多吃得太多看孩子看孩子 一无所获的一无所获的现在学习的是第9页，共32页加前缀：加前缀：happy-happy-_happyhappy 加后缀：加后缀：develop-develop-developdevelop_既加前缀又加后缀：既加前缀又加后缀：employ-employ-_employemploy_unmentunment派生词派生词（derivation）现在学习的是第10页，共32页派生法（派生法（DerivationDerivation）-词缀词缀法法1.1.前缀前缀:Pre-（前）（前）Pre-reading,preview,prepayRe-(重新)Rewrite,reconsider,reusedis-（不）（不）disagree,dislike,disappearin/im-（不）（不）incorrect,impossiblemis（错误或失当）（错误或失当）super-（超级）（超级）mini-（微小）（微小）misunderstand,misleadsupermarket,supermanminiskirt,minibus现在学习的是第11页，共32页foretell,forecastpost(之后)postwar,post-readingfore-(前，预先前，预先)semicircle,semi-finalsemi-(半，部分半，部分)antiwar,anti-Japanese waranti-(阻止，抗阻止，抗)underground,under-developunder-（在（在下，下，在在中）中）现在学习的是第12页，共32页2.常见的后缀常见的后缀1).名词后缀名词后缀：-er -or -tion -ment -ity -ist -hood -ion请将以下单词和上列相应的后缀相连，组成新词：请将以下单词和上列相应的后缀相连，组成新词：work,educate,develop,visit,satisfy,teach,sail,ability,piano,art,child,act,brother,solute,conclude,move,possible现在学习的是第13页，共32页-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ionteacher,workervisitor,sailor education,satisfactiondevelopment,movementability,possibility pianist,artist childhood,brotherhood action,solution,conclusion如如：现在学习的是第14页，共32页-ous-ful-able,-ible-ant,-ent-arydangerous,humoroushelpful,carefulcomfortable,responsible important,excellent military,voluntary2）.形容词后缀：形容词后缀：3）.副词性的词缀：副词性的词缀：-ly-wardsquickly,softly,yearlybackwards,forwards现在学习的是第15页，共32页转化法转化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.尝起来It has a good taste.It tastes very good.record n.记录记录v.记录记录Liu Xiang Broke the 100mHurdles World Record.He lies to record something while reading a book.现在学习的是第16页，共32页correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反义反义独立的独立的词根词根adj.残疾的残疾的n.不可能的不可能的n.反义反义n.误解误解词根词根大学生大学生词根词根n.近义近义反义反义Words Building现在学习的是第17页，共32页correctn.反义反义独立的独立的词根词根adj.残疾的残疾的n.不可能的不可能的n.反义反义n.误解误解词根词根大学生大学生词根词根n.近义近义反义反义Words Building现在学习的是第18页，共32页correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilityexpressioneducationwrongmistakenmistakeunderstandundergroundundergraduategraduategraduationunderwaysubwaysubtitlealwayssidewaysn教育教育 表达表达O独立的独立的rootadj残疾的残疾的n不可能的不可能的OnSSn误解误解root大学生大学生rootn地下的地下的地下通道地下通道地铁地铁副标题副标题总是总是misunderstand现在学习的是第19页，共32页 缩写和简写缩写和简写 :缩写和简写缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或缩短也被称为截断法或缩短法法)主要采取主要采取:“:“截头截头”,“去尾去尾”或或者者“既截头又去尾既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词的方法生成新词.telephone-phone airplaneplanelaboratory-lab mathematics-math advertisementad examination-exam 现在学习的是第20页，共32页另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成.CD(compact disk)CCTV(China Central Television)NBA(National Basketball Association)UFO(unidentified flying object)UN(United Nations)ID(identification)USA(United States of America)现在学习的是第21页，共32页1.He was one of the best _ in yesterdays football match.(play)2.Look!How _ Kate is laughing!(happy)3.It snowed _ last night and now the streets are covered with snow.(heavy)4.Edison was a great _.During his life he had many _.(invent)players happily heavily inventor inventions 构词法精练构词法精练 Use the appropriate form of the words to fill in the blanks.现在学习的是第22页，共32页按括号内的要求改写下列单词按括号内的要求改写下列单词:rain(形容词形容词)_ agree(反义反义)_ nation(形容词形容词)_ farm(人人)_ recent(副词副词)_ friend(形容词形容词)_ hope(形容词形容词)_ back(形容词形容词)_ visit(名词名词)_ home(形容词形容词)_ eight(序数词序数词)_ true(名词名词)_ America(形容词形容词)_ China(形容词形容词)_rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlybackwardshomelesstruthChinese现在学习的是第23页，共32页5.More and more _ have come to visit China over these years.（foreign）6.We want _ reasons for your failure to help.(satisfy)7.Please give me some reference work.It will _ my task.(simple)8.The boy had the _ of being half starved.(appear)9.The police have _ a plot against the President.(cover)10.The doctor said that Marys mother needed an _.(operate)foreigners satisfactory simplify appearance uncovered operation 现在学习的是第24页，共32页11.She hoped that her son would become a _.(music)12.Few _ words made us excited.(speak)13.The days on the moon get hotter than _ water.(boil)14.Thank you for your _.(kind)15.Many college students work while they are studying because they want to make some money for their college _.(expensive)16.Most international _ letters are written in English,too.(busy)musician spoken boiling kindness expenses business 现在学习的是第25页，共32页17.The boy noticed an _ mistake on his paper,but he decided not to say anything about it.(correct)18.When in Rome,do as the _ do.(Rome)19.The teacher was pleased with her _.(honest)20.The mother didnt know why her daughter was crying _.(noise)uncorrected Romans honesty noisily 现在学习的是第26页，共32页现在学习的是第27页，共32页Fill in the blanks with proper words With the(1)_(develop)of industry,air pollution is getting With the(1)_(develop)of industry,air pollution is getting more(2)_ more serious.In Beijing,many people suffer different more(2)_ more serious.In Beijing,many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because(3)_ air pollution.kinds of illnesses because(3)_ air pollution.Air pollution is caused(4)_ the following reasons:about half of the Air pollution is caused(4)_ the following reasons:about half of the problem is caused by vehicles.There are more and more cars,buses on the problem is caused by vehicles.There are more and more cars,buses on the roads,and they give(5)_ poisonous gases.25%of air pollution is caused roads,and they give(5)_ poisonous gases.25%of air pollution is caused by factories.Another(6)_(fact)is the smokers.Smoking not only by factories.Another(6)_(fact)is the smokers.Smoking not only does(7)_ to their health(8)_ also to others.Besides these,about does(7)_ to their health(8)_ also to others.Besides these,about 10%of air(9)_ is caused by other reasons.10%of air(9)_ is caused by other reasons.We should take some measures to fight(10)_ pollution.New fuel can be We should take some measures to fight(10)_ pollution.New fuel can be used to replace gas.We can plant more trees.If everybody realizes the used to replace gas.We can plant more trees.If everybody realizes the importance of environment and does something to stop the problem will be importance of environment and does something to stop the problem will be solved.solved.developmentandofbyoutfactorharmbutpollutionagainst现在学习的是第28页，共32页附：类比构词（Word-Formation by Analogy）类比构词是英语中一种有趣而又实用的构词方式。构词特点是，以某个同类词为模式，在语义上进行联想类比，替换其中某个词素，构造出与之对应或类似的新词来。例如：work-aholic（工作迷）系仿alcoholic（嗜酒者）而造seajack（海上劫持）和skyjack（空中劫持）则是类比hijack（拦路抢劫）hijacker（强盗）而成，故都属类比词。从原形词与类比词的联系来看，英语类比构词大致可分以下三大类：现在学习的是第29页，共32页一一.数字、色彩类比数字、色彩类比 数字类比，数字类比，例如，美国总统夫人在英语中称First Lady（第一夫人），通过该词美国人又联想类比出 Fist Family（第一家庭）。First Mother（第一母亲）等词。就连总统的爱犬也身价倍增，获得了First Dog（第一狗）的殊荣，可谓一人得道，鸡犬升天。色彩类比色彩类比，例如，Black Power（黑人权力）最初是美 国黑人在争取自身权力斗争中提出的政治口号，后为美国其他少数种族所借用。为了反歧视争平等。印第安人提出了Red Power，美籍墨西哥人也提出了 BrownPower。另外，老年人为维护自身权益则提出Gray Power.美国英语中还因美元为绿色钞票而类比出green power一词，借指“金钱的力量”。green power虽与上述种 种Power风马牛不相及，但同属色彩类比，甚是有趣，亦含幽默。再看一例，较早出现的blue-collar（蓝领阶层的）和white-collar（白领阶层的）分别指“体力工作者的”和“脑力工作者的”，稍后产生的pink-collar（粉领阶层的）和gray-collar（灰领阶层的），则分别指“典型女性职业工作者的”和“维修保养行业工作 者的”。近年来，又有两个新的英语类比词问世，即gold-collar（金领阶层的）和bright-collar（亮领阶层的），分别表示“高级专业人士的”和“电脑及通讯专业人士的”。现在学习的是第30页，共32页二二.反义、对义类比反义、对义类比 这方面英语类比词数目不少，俯拾可得。例如，nightmare（梦魇daymare（昼魇），brain-drain（人 材流失）brain-gain（人材流入），flashback（倒叙）flash-forward（超前叙述），high-tech（高技 术的）low-tech（低技术的），等等。在这方面，有些类比词来得有趣，仿造奇特。例如man Friday源于小说鲁滨逊飘流记，指主人公于星期五救出的一个土人，后成其忠仆，故名。该词进入英语词汇后泛指“忠实的仆人”或“得力的助手”。后来 出现的girl Friday一词系仿此而造，专指“忠实的女仆”或“得力的女助手”。又如，boycott（联合抵制）一词的来历可追溯到19世纪末。当年在爱尔兰的梅奥郡有个地主名叫 Charles CunnighamBoycott，他压榨佃农，灾年拒不减租，结果激起公愤。全郡居民联合行动，拒绝与他往来，迫使他逃离本地。此事成了报刊上的 头号新闻，Boycott姓氏不胫而走，成为“联合抵制”的代用语，并为法语、德语、西班牙语等欧洲语言所借用。最为有趣的是，人们将本为姓氏的boycott中的“boy”视为与girl相对应的boy（男子）一词，故意加以 错误类比，仿造出girlcott一词，用作“妇女界联合抵制”之意。现在学习的是第31页，共32页感谢大家观看现在学习的是第32页，共32页