2022年天津市河东区高三下学期联合考试英语试题含解析.docx

2021-2022高考英语模拟试卷考生请注意：1 .答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内，不得在试卷上作任何标记.2 .第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后，需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内，第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的 位置上。3 .考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分（共20小题，每小题L 5分，满分30分）1. What do you think of Betty?Lovely, though she be naughty sometimes.A. shouldB. mustC. can D. need2. What about asking these new graduates to take on the task?I m afraid not. While they are energetic and ambitious,of them seems to be suitable for this demanding job.A. no one B. everyone C. none D. few3. It is believed that many more popular terms on the Internet this year.A. will be createdB. have createdC. are created D. are creating4. You know, people have different opinions about the construction of the project.- We welcome any comments from them, favorable orA. soB. otherwiseC. else D. rather5. This is the first time that we a film in the cinema together as a family .A. seeB. had seenC. saw D. have seen6. As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents onlyA. anxiously B. occasionallyC. practically D. urgently7. Professor Wang in our school till next Sunday.A. will have stayedB. has stayed C. is staying D. stayed8. What surprised us most is that he doesn't know the differences between the two books lie.A. that B. what C. which D. where9. It is widely acknowledged in foreign companies that employees should be in terms of innovation capability.A. examinedB. evolvedC. evaluatedD. encouraged10. I don51 care for baseball.How can you say you don't like something you've never even tried it!A. till B. after C. unless D. when11. Have you seen Jiang Wen'§ movieLe/ the Bullets F/yrecently?一Yes. I it twice last week, At home and in the theatre.A. had enjoyed B. enjoyed C. have enjoyed D. was enjoying12. It a Saturday afternoon in May Margaret could arrange for me to meet her elder,sister.A. was until; when B. was until;thatC. was not until; when D. was not until; that13. Their flight due to bad weather. They would like to know when the flight will take off.A.had beendelayedB.wasdelayedC.has beendelayedD.willbedelayed14. Why do you turn to me for help you can easily work out the problem independently?A.untilB. whenC.afterD. unless15. Mom, can you give me an extra 200 yuan a month? Son, we have just bought a house, and from now on we need to practise strict ,A. economy B. medicine C. self-control D. patience16. You should set a goal and see you can achieve it in the coming exam.A. whichB. whatC. whether D. when17. If you leave this application form and go to another website, you will lose you have already filled out on thisform.A. whateverB. whoeverC. whereverD. whenever18. Most students study because ifs unavoidable., there are students who actually enjoy it.A. As a resultB. In additionC. In conclusion D. By contrast19. I have no idea what made the students so excited and crazy.-；it have been their team's victory in the finals?A. MustB. CouldC. Would D. Should20. The number of stay-at-home fathers reached a record high last year, new figures show,families saw a rise in female breadwinners.B. asC. because D. though第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21. （6 分）Exposing living tissue to suhfreezing temperatures for long can cause permanent damage. Microscopic ice crystals （结晶体）cut cells and seize moisture （潮气）,making donor organs unsuitable for transplantation. Thus, organs can be made cold for only a few hours ahead of a procedure. But a set of lasting new antifreeze compounds （化合 物）similar to those found in particularly hardy （耐寒的）animalscould lengthen organs' shelflife.Scientists at the University of Warwick in England were inspired by proteins in some species of Arctic fish, wood frogs and other organisms that prevent blood from freezing, allowing them to flourish in extreme cold. Previous research had shown these natural antifreeze molecules （分子）could preserve rat hearts at -1.3 degrees Celsius for up to 24 hours. But these proteins are expensive to extract （提取）and highly poisonous to some species. wFor a long time everyone assumed you had to make synthetic （人造的）alternatives that looked exactly like antifreeze proteins to solve this problem, says Matthew Gibson, a chemist at Warwick who co-authored the new research. uBut we found that you can design new molecules that function like antifreeze proteins but do not necessarily look like them. ”Most natural antifreeze molecules have a mixture of regions that either attract or repel water. Scientists do not know exactly how this process prevents ice crystal formation, but Gibson thinks it might throw water molecules into push-pull chaos that prevents them from tuning into ice. To copy this mechanism, he and his colleagues synthesized spiral-shaped molecules that were mostly water-repellentbut had iron atoms at their centers that made them hydrophilic, or water-loving. The resulting compounds were surprisingly effective at stopping ice crystals from forming. Some were also harmless to the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, indicating they might be safe for other animals.“These compounds are really cool because they are not proteinsthey are other types of molecules that nonetheless can do at least part of what natural antifreeze proteins do, "say§ Clara do Amaral, a biologist at Mount St. Joseph University, who was not involved in the research. Gibson's antifreeze compounds will still need to be tested in humans, however, and may be only part of a solution. uWe don't have the whole picture yet, “do Amaral adds. wIfs not just one magical compound that helps freeze-tolerant organisms survive. Ifs a whole suite of adaptations.1、What will happen if organs are kept for a long time in temperatures below zero?A. They will have ice crystal formation inside.B. They will not suffer permanent damage.C. They will have longer shelf life.D. They will be fit for transplantation.2、What can we learn about natural antifreeze proteins?A. They look like Gibson's antifreeze compounds.B. They are composed of antifreeze molecules harmless to other species.C. They are spiral-shaped and have iron atoms at their centers.D. They can be found in organisms living in freezing cold weather.3、How are antifreeze molecules prevented from ice crystals?A. By creating compounds both water-repellent and water-loving.B. By extracting the proteins from some hardy animals.C. By making synthetic alternatives like antifreeze proteins.D. By copying spiral-shaped molecules mostly water-resistant.4、Whafs the main idea of the passage?A. Push-pull chaos might prevent water molecules from turning into ice.B. The final solution to preserving donor organs has been found recently.C. Chemicals inspired by Arctic animals could lengthen organs' shelflife.D. Gibson's antifreeze compounds can do what natural antifreeze proteins do.22.（8 分） A good book is indeed the best friend of a person. The same goes for high-profile CEOs of world recognized companies as well. Lefs have a look at the favorite books of some of the world-famous CEOs.Apple CEOTim Cook, Competing against Time by George Stalk Jr. and Thomas M. HoutThis book is based on 10 years of valuable research done by the authors. It talks about how new concepts of managing time in new product development, production and sales provide companies with the advantages to succeed in this highly competitive world.Microsoft CEO（Former）Bill Gates, The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. SalingerA few themes explored in the novel are rebellion （叛逆）,anxiety and confusion. It tells that young people are a little confused, but can be smart about things and see things that adults don't really see. Gates said, w I didn't actually read The Catcher in the Rye until I was 13, and ever since then Pve said that's my favorite book.”Oracle CEOLarry Ellison, Napoleon by Vincent CroninThis book is considered by far the best biography ever written on Napoleon Bonaparte. Ellison said, MIt,s interesting to read about him for a couple of reasons: to see what an ordinary man can do with his life and to see how history can distort （歪曲）the truth entirely.*OWE CEO Oprah Winfrey, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper LeeThis book talks about how a little girl observes the people around her. Winfrey said, w I read it in eighth or ninth grade, and I was trying to recommend the book to other kids. So it makes sense to me that now I have a book club, because I have been doing that probably since I read this book.” 1、What is the theme of Competing Against Time?A. How to increase production.B.How to improve efficiency.C.How to enrich experience.D.How to save energy.2、Which book may be chosen by parents to learn about rebellious kids?A.Competing against Time.B.The Catcher in the Rye.C.Napoleon,D.To Kill a Mockingbird,3、What can be inferred from Winfrey's words?A. She loved reading when young.B. She read the book with other kids.C. The book has an influence on her career.D. The book is about a girl's thoughts.23. （8 分）Steve and I pulled trash for four solid hours continuously, except for about five minutes when we stopped to talk. My shoulder hurt badly each time I put another full barrel on it, and my legs occasionally trembled as I was heading for the street. But the rest of me said, “Go, trashman, go.”I could not have imagined there would be joy in this. Dump. Lift. Walk. Lift. Walk. The hours flew by. Saturday meant many people were outdoors working in their gardens or greenhouses. Most of them looked approachable enough. There wasn't time for lengthy talks but enough to exchange greetings that go with civilized ways. But I was shocked to find that this wasn't the case.When I said hello to them, most often the response was either nothing at all, or a surprising stare because I had spoken.One woman in a housecoat was startled as I came around the corner of her house. At the sound of my greeting, she gathered her housecoat tightly about her and retreated quickly to the door. I heard the lock click.Steve complained angrily on the long ride to the dump: "They don't realize we're humans."1 had originally planned to stay at this employment for only two days but now I'm going to continue. 1 have decided, too, to keep saying hello in people's yards. It doesn't do any harm, and it still feels right. Frankly, I'm doing an essential task. I left this country a little cleaner than I found it this morning. Not many people can say that tonight.John Gardner wrote that a society which praises its philosophers and looks down on its plumbers （管子工）is in trouble. "Neither its pipes nsr its theories will hold water," he warned. He might have gone a step further and called for respect for both our economists and our trashmen; otherwise, they'll both leave rubbish behind.1、How did the woman feel when she heard the author's greeting?A. Doubtful. B. Embarrassed.C. Frightened. D. Pitiful.2、At the end of the passage, whafs the author's attitude to his job?A. He is ashamed of it. B. He is boastful about it.C. He is proud of it. D. He isn't serious about it.3、What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?A. Both the facilities and the thoughts of society may go wrong.B. Both the trashmen and the economists should not be respected.C. Both practice and theories are important.D. Both the pipes and the theories make sense.4、Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. An Experience as a Trashman B. The TrashmanC. Economists and Trashmen D. Misunderstanding24. （8 分） Inside a secured room in a beautiful castle near Paris, a small metal cylinder （圆柱体）rests on a shelf beneath a double set of bell jars. It has lain there for more than a century, its rest only occasionally disturbed when the room's three key holders perform a coordinated opening ceremony to let technicians enter and clean this precious piece of metal.First, the cylinder is rubbed with a piece of soft, alcohol-soaked cloth. Then it is steamed with pure water. Finally, the 1kg cylinder is returned, carefully, to its resting place.Such attention to a lump of metal is unusual, but has a purpose. The castle houses the International Bureau of Weights and Measures and that piece of shining, circular metal is its holiest relic. It is the defining mass （质量）against which all other kilograms are measured. This is the international prototype, or standard, of the kilogram. The IPK, in short.Dozens of carefully weighted copies of the original have been made. They are stored around the world and used to standardise individual nations9 weights and measures systems.But the days of the IPK, in its current form, are numbered. The International Bureau of Weights and Measures has decided to replace this single physical specimen with a more fundamental measurement - based on electric current - in order to define the mass of an object. The king of kilograms is about to be dethroned.“One key reason for doing this work is to provide international security,” says Bureau spokesman Paul Robinson.uIf the castle burned down tomorrow and the kilogram was destroyed, we would have no reference left for the world's metric weights system. There would be chaos. The current definition of the kilogram is the weight of that cylinder in Paris, after all.”Another major motivation for the replacement of the IPK is the growing need to be able to carry out more and more precise measurements. fcfcDrug companies will soon be wanting to use ingredients that will have to be measured in terms of a few millionths or even billionths of a gram," says Robinson. wWe need to be prepared to weigh substances with that kind of accuracy.”1、What do we know about the IPK from the first two paragraphs?A. Ifs cared for with great devotion.B. It's used in religious ceremonies.C. It's beautifully designed and decorated.D. It's the most valuable metal in the world.2、Which of the following best explains "dethroned” underlined in paragraph 5?A. rebuiltB. removedC. destroyedD. upgraded3、What is a reason for replacing the current IPK?A. To protect the metal cylinder from damage.B. To make taking measurements more economical.C. To provide all countries with the same standard.D. To satisfy the increasing demand for exactness.4、What can be a suitable title for the text?A. No more kilosB. A heavy technologyC. The future of the kiloD. The history of measures25. （10 分）Dark Sky Parks around the WorldWarrumbungle National ParkSituated in the central west slopes of New South Wales is Australia's only dark sky park, Warrumbungle. The park has served as a dark sky park since July 2016. Its crystal-clear night skies and high altitude make it a natural, educational, and astronomical heritage site in the southern half of the earth. Tourists can use Australia's larg