2022年新人教版八年级英语下册第一单元知识点.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Unit 1 Whats the matter.一询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到什么麻烦时,常用以下句型：1.What s the matter （with sb ）. 4. What2. What s the trouble / problem （with sb ）. 3.What s wrong （with sb ） . 你怎么了？s ones trouble / problem ？5.What s up . 6. What happened to sb . 7.Are you OK . 8. Is there anything wrong with sb . 二表达身体不适或疼痛时,常用以下结构：1.Sb + have /has + a / an + 疾病名称：have a cold / fever / cough / temperature 2.Sb + have/ has a sore +身体部位：have a sore throat / back 3.Sb + have / has+ a+ 身体部位 ache have a toothache /headache / stomachache / earache /backache 4.Sb + hurts + 身体部位 / oneself ; He hurt his leg . 或 身体部位 + hurts ; My head hurts badly . 5.There is something wrong with one s +身体部位；6.Sb +have /has a pain in ones + 身体部位三情态动词 should / should t 的用法：意为“ 应当,应当”后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化；通常表示提出看法或建议,义务和责任,仍可表示命令批评或要求等语气 ; 1. You should lie down and rest . 2.You shouldt eat so much next time . 3. What should I do . 4. Should I put some medicine on it ？ -Yes ,you should ./ No, you should t. Section A 1.sore adj. 疼痛的 可作定语或表语 She has a sore throat / back . My leg is very sore . 2.back n. 后面,背面 He sat at the back of the classroom. adv . 回 （原处）come back 3. lie vi. 躺,卧 -lay. lain.lying lie down 躺下撒谎 -lied.lied .lying You are lying to me . n. 谎言假话 tell a lie / lies lay vt. .-laid .laid. laying 产卵 下蛋 放置4. rest 休息 v./n. You should rest for a few days . 动词用法get some rest= havetake a rest /a break / breaks 休息一下 名词用法5. to one s surprise 使某人惊奇的是 常作插入语,位于句首To his surprise,she failed the exam . in surprise 惊讶地surprising - 物 What surprising news . Surprised- 人 be surprised to do / be surprised at sth / be surprised that6. much too+ 形容词或副词,太. ,too many+ 可数名词复数,太多 too much+ 不行数名词,太多 也可做副词 talk/speak/eat/ too much 7. enough 形容、副词 ,足够的 /地, 1 enough + 名词 ; enough water 2 形副 + enough ; good enough 8. sound like+ 名词代词和从句：听起来像It sounds like you don t know the truth. It sounds like a good idea. Sound look/feel/taste/smell + 形容词 听起来 . eg. The music sounds nice. 9. need 1.需要,实义动词人作主语need+sth,需要某物；need sbto do sth.需要做某事,第 1 页,共 5 页2. 物作主语； sth needs doing/ to be done ; The room needs cleaning /to be cleaned. 3 情态动词 ,多用于否定句或疑问句Need I stay here .-Yes, you must . /No, you need t. 10. agree 同意,赞同 -disagree反义词 agree with sb. 同意某人agree to do. 同意做某事11. right away =right now =at once ,意为立刻 ；12. advice 不行数 n.建议 ,看法a piece of advice 一条建议some advice 一些建议名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - give sb. advice on sth./ take ones advice advise v. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事（不定式做宾语补足语）advise doing sth.建议做某事（动名词作宾语）13. hurt 及物动词（ vt.）,使 疼痛, 受伤,He hurt his leg . He hurt her feelings. 不及物动词（ vi. , （部位）疼；His leg hurt badly. 14. hit -hit （过去式）（用手或器具）打；击打The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背,on 用在所打较硬的部位；hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子,in 用在所打较软的部位；当名词用时； get hit on the head 头部受到撞击15. see sb doing sth 观察某人正在做某事（强调瞬时动作）I saw a boy playing football near my home. See sb do sth 观察某人做某事（强调整个过程）We saw him cross the road. 16.shout to sb 向某人喊话shout at sb 冲某人叫喊（贬义）shout for help 大声呼救17. expect sb to do sth 期望某人去做某事；18.think about （+doing ）考虑 think of 想起,认为 think over 认真考虑 think up 想出19.fall down（+from ）摔倒,跌倒 fall behind 落后,跟不上 fall into 落入fall asleep 入睡fall in love with 爱上 fall off 从 跌落下来20.重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应留意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一样；数第一人称其次人称第三人称人称单数myselfyourselfhimself herself itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves用在某些固定短语当中；如：look after oneself / take care of oneself 照料自己teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 自学enjoy oneself 玩得兴奋,过得开心help oneself to sth 请自用 （任凭吃 / 喝些 ）. hurt oneself 摔伤自己say to oneself 自言自语名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下buy oneself sth. 给自己买 东西introduce oneself 介绍 自己【提示】1. 反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用；如：我自己能完成作业；（误） Myself can finish my homework. 正 I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.2. 反身代词表示 “某人自己 ” 不能表示 “某人的东西 ”,由于它没有全部格的形式；表达 “某人自己的（东西）”时,必要用 ones own. 如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画；（误） Im drawing with myself crayons. 正 I m drawing with my own crayons.作同位语； Did you make the cake yourself . 做表语Im not myself today . 21.trouble 不行数 ；苦恼,问题be in trouble 处于困境get into trouble 陷入困境make trouble 制造麻烦have trouble / difficulties / problems in doing sth 做.有麻烦做某事有困难22.put on sth 在某物上放 put some medicine on the cut 伤口 put a bandage on it 在它上面放绷带23. in the same way 以同样的方式 on the way to 在去 的路上in the way 挡路 out of the way 不再碍事by the way 顺便说一下 in this way 用这种方法in a way 在某种程度上24.短语too much 太多在.上敷药lie down 躺下第 3 页,共 5 页put some medicine on .have a fever 发烧take breaks /take a break 休息without thinking twice 没多get off 下车take sb to the hospital 送某人去医院wait for等待to ones surprise 使. 惊奇的in time准时think about 考虑名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - have a heart problem 患有心脏病 get into the trouble 遇到麻烦do the right thing 做正确的事情事情 fall down 摔倒put . on sth 把.放在某物上 get hit/sunburned 摔伤 / 烧伤be interested in 对.感爱好 be used to 习惯于 . take risks/take a risk 挑战 lose ones life 失去生命because of 由于 run out of 用完cut off 切除 get out of 从.出来make a decision/decisions 做打算 be in control of 掌管；治理give up 舍弃 get an X-ray 拍 X 光片take ones temperature 量体温 hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶see a dentist 看牙医get off 下车 -get on 上车all weekend 整个周末 away from 远离for too long 太长时间on the side of the road 在公路边without thinking twice 没多想 get sunburned 被晒伤have a heart problem 有心脏病 feel very hot 感到很热have a nosebleed 流鼻血 cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖put her head back 把她的头向后仰 save a life 挽救生命on time 准时 go mountain climbing 去爬山 go to a doctor =go to see a doctor = go to the doctor s 看医生 thanks to 多亏 ,由于（ =because of =with the help of ）Section Bdo the right thing 做正确的事1.sick adj. 生病的, 有病的； 作表语和定语；ill 只能作表语be /feel sick =be ill恶心的 I feel a little sick. 厌倦的 be sick of Im sick of running .2. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于 适应做某事 be 强调状态 He is used to getting up early . = get = become 强调渐变过程 be used to do sth = be used for sth /doing 被用于做某事（被动语态）Wood is used to make houses . Used to do sth 过去经常做某事 He used to go to work by bus . 3. take a risk = take risks 冒险 the risk of sth /doing 的风险risk sb. to do sth. 冒险去做某事 at risk 在危急中4. in a very dangerous situation 在一种特别危急的情形下5. sth. run out 某物用完,用完When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. sb. run out of sth. 人用完了某物；He run out of all his money last night. 6blood 血,不行数 n.；a drop of blood 一滴血-bloody 有血的,出血的 adj. 7.mean-meant v. 意味着做某事 mean doing sth准备做 mean to do sth I mean to go tomorrow. meaning 可数 n. 含义 意思；mean 形容词：小气的,吝啬的What do you mean by the word . 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - = What does the word mean . = What is the meaning of the word . 8.the importance of doing sth.（做）某事的重要性We students should know the importance of learning English. Do you understand the importance of studying hard . importance n. 重要（性）,important adj. 重要的 -unimportant 不重要的9. free 形容词：闲暇的free time；免费的The drink is for free ；自由的 I want to become a free bird. free【动词】使 解脱,得到自由：He could not free his arm. 10. decision n. 打算；选择；make a decision 做打算make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth = make up ones ming to do sth =determine to do sth 下决心做某事 11. be in control of 掌管,治理 The headmaster is in control of this new school. be out of control 无法掌握,无法治理 under control 在掌握之下 12. death 名词（不） -die 动词 -dead 形容词 -dying 形容词 ：垂死的,临终的He is afraid of death . She died two years ago . The dog is dead . It is a dying bird. 13. give up doing sth. 舍弃（做）某事,give up playing computer games / Never give up easily. 14.so that 以便,为的是（当主句与从句主语一样是 = in order to =so as to ）He worked hard so that he could succeed. = in order to / so as to . 15. be interested in = take an interest in 对 感爱好 16. keep on doing sth 连续做某事,重复做 有间隔 keep doing sth 无间断 keep sb doing sth 使某人始终做某事 keep sb from doing sth 阻挡某人做某事17. cut off 切断cut down 砍到cut up 切碎把 切成 cut in 插入插话cut out 删掉cut ；into18.mind doing sth 介意做某事 19.lose one s way = get lost 迷路 lose to sb 输给某人 20.almost 几乎,差不多；指程度上的空间距离,时间长短等 用于 be,助动词,情态动词后,使役动词前名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页