2022年情态动词用法归纳.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 情态动词用法归纳情态动词有 can could, may might, must, have to, shall should, will would, dare dared, need needed, ought to 等；情态动词 无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用,必需 与 其后的 动词原形 构成 谓语一、 can, could 1 can, could 表示 才能（体力、学问、技能）；Can you lift this heavy box. （体力）Mary can speak three languages.（学问）Can you skate.（技能）此时可用 be able to 代替；用 be able to 改写上面三个句子；而 be able to 就有 更多的时态；Can 只有 一般现在时（ can） 和 一般过去式（ could）；am/is/are able to 一般现在时 ：I am able to do this job, 其它几个自己改写was/were able to 一般过去式 : He was able to do this job will be able to 一般将来时 ：I willwon t be able to do this job this afternoon I ll not be able to come this afternoon. 当表示“ 经过努力才得以做胜利某事” 时 应用 be able to,不能用 Can；如：He can t swim,but he is able to cross the river. 2 can, could 表示 恳求 和答应；-Can I go now. = May I go now. - Yes, you can. / No, you can =Yes,you may./No,you may not. 此时可与 may 互换；在 疑问句 中仍可用 could, might 代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于确定句和答语中；- Could I come to see you tomorrow. - Yes, you can. No, I m afraid not. 3 表示 客观可能性（客观缘由形成的才能）；Theyve changed the time table, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least. 4 表示 估量（惊奇、怀疑、不信任的态度）, 用于 疑问句、否定句 和 感叹句 中 ；Can this be true. This cant be done by him. How can this be true. 二、 may, might 1 表示 恳求 和答应； might 比 may 语气更委婉,而不是过去式；否定回答时可用cant或 mustnt,表示 “ 不行以,禁止”；-Might/ May I smoke in this room. - No, you mustnt. - May/Might I take this book out of the room. - Yes, you can. No, you cant / mustn. t用 May I. ？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用2）用于 祈使句, 表示 希望；May you succeed. 3 表示 估量、可能性 （不用于 疑问句 ）；might 不是 过去式 ,它所表示的可能性比 may 小；1He may /might be very busy now. 2Your mother may /might not know the truth. Can I. ？ 在口语中更常见；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 三、 must, have to 1 表示 必需、必要 ；You must come in time. 在回答引出的问句时,假如是否定的,不能用mustnt（禁止,不准） ,而用 neednt, don t have to（不必） . - Must we hand in our exercise books today. - Yes, you must. - No, you dont have to / you needn t.2 must 是说话人的 主观看法,而 have to 就强调 客观需要； Must 只有一般现在时,have to 有更多的时态形式；1 he play isnt interesting, I really must go now. 2 I had to work when I was your age. 3 表示 估量、可能性 （只用于确定的陈述句）1 You re Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 2 Your mother must be waiting for you now. 四、dare, need 1 dare 作情态动词用时 , 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中 , 过去式形式为 dared；1How dare you say I m unfair. He daren t speak English before such a crowd, dare he. 23If we dared not go there that day, we couldnt get the beautiful flowers. 2 need 作情态动词用时 , 常用于疑问句、否定句；在确定句中一般用 must, have to, ought to, should 代替；1You neednt come so early. 2. - Need I finish the work today. - Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. dare 后面常接带to 的不定式；在疑3 dare 和 need 作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化；在确定句中,问句和否定句中,dare 后面可接带to 或不带 to 的不定式；而need 后面只能接带to 的不定式；1. I dare to swim across this river. 2. He doesnt dare to answer. 3. He needs to finish his homework today. 五、 shall, should 1 shall 用于 第一人称,征求对方的看法；What shall we do this evening. 2 shall 用于 其次、三人称 ,表示 说话人 给对方的 命令、警告、承诺或威逼；t work hard. 1. You shall fail if you don2. He shall have the book when I finish it. 承诺 3. He shall be punished.威逼 六、 will, would 1 表示 恳求、建议 等,would 更委婉；Will / Would you pass me the ball, please. 2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2 表示 意志、愿望 和 决心 ；1. I will never do that again. 2. They asked him if he would go abroad. 3 would 表示 过去反复发生的动作 或某种倾向 ； would 表示 过去习惯 时比 used to 正式,且没有“ 现已无此习惯”的含义；1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 2. The wound would not heal. 4 表示 估量 和猜想 ；It would be about ten oclock when she left home.七、 should, ought to 1 should, ought to 表示 “ 应当” , ought to 表示 义务 或责任, 比 should 语气重；1. I should help her because she is in trouble. 2. You ought to take care of the baby. 2 表示劝说、建议和命令；should, ought to 可通用,但在 疑问句 中常用 should ；1. You should / ought to go to class right away. 2. Should I open the window. should , ought to 客观估量 , must 主观估量 ；3 表示 估量1.He must be home by now. 确定他已到家 3. This is where the oil must be.直爽 2.He ought to /should be home by now.不太确定 4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.含蓄 八、 情态动词 +不定式完成式（ have done ）1 can / could + have done 在 确定句 中表示“ 原来可以做而实际上能做某事”,是 虚拟语气 ；在 疑问句 或 否定句 中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不愿定 , 表示 估量 ；1. You could have done better, but you didn t try your best.（虚拟语气）2. He can t have been to that town. （ 估量 ） 3. Can he have got the book.（ 估量 ）2 may / might + 不定式完成式（have done）表示对过去行为的 估量 ；不能用于 疑问句 中,没有 虚拟语气 的用法； Might 所表示的可能性比 may 小；1. He may not have finished the work . 2If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier. 3） must + 不定式完成式（have done）用于 确定句 中,表示对过去行为的 估量 ；意为“ 肯定、想必”；其 疑问、否定 形式用 can,can t 代替；参看 1 can / could + have done 表示 估量 ；1.You must have seen the film Titanic . 2 He must have been to Shanghai. ；可以与 ought to +不定式完4） should + 不定式完成式（have done）用于 确定句 中,表示对过去行为的估量 ； He should have finished the work by now ；表示“本应当做而实际上没有做某事” ,其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了成式（ have done）互换；1. You ought to / should have helped him. but you didn t. 2. She shouldn t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it. 5 neednt + 不定式完成式（ have done ）表示“ 原来不必做而实际上做了某事”； You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain. 6 will + 不定式完成式（have done）主要用于其次、三人称,表示对已完成的动作或事态的 估量 ； He will have arrived by now 情态动词也可以和动词进行形式或完成进行形式构成谓语：表示“ 应当正在 ” ,“ 想必正在 ”名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 的意思；Why should we be sitting here doing nothing. She might still be thinking about the question you raised. He can't be swimming in such weather. At the moment she may might be playing with her schoolmates. We needn't be standing here in the rain. We might take shelter in the hut over there. 情态动词间或也可以和一个动词的完成进行形式构成谓语,表示 在 ” 这类意思；【例如】“ 应当始终在 ” ,“ 想必始终They are sweating all over. They must have been working in the fields. They may have been discussing the problem this morning. She couldn't have been swimming all day. 情态动词部分练习题 1 You_ all those clothes. We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing A needn't have washedB shouldn't have washedC must not have washed D can not have washed 2 John's score on the test is the highest in the class; he_ last night. A should study B should have studiedC must have studiedD must have to study 3 The room is in a terrible mess; it _cleaned. CET-4, 1996,6 A can't have been B shouldn't have been C mustn't have been D wouldn't have been 4 Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They _ from South America on rafts. A must have sailed B can sail C might have sailedD should have sailed 5 Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She _ in her classroom. A should have been B must have beenC must be D should be 6 Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn't. He _ his mind. A can't have changedB wouldn't have changed C must have changed D shouldn't have changed 7 You_ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight. 4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A needn't goB had better not go C should not goD needn't have gone 8 We_ the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive. A must receiveB ought to receive C must have received D ought to have received 9 With all the work on hand, he_ to the cinema last night. A mustn't goB shouldn't have gone C could not goD couldn't have gone 10 Eve was late for class again. She _earlier. A should get up B must get up C need to get up D should have got up 11 I am feeling sick. I_ so much chocolate. A needn't have eate B couldn't have eaten C mustn't have eaten D shouldn't have eaten 12 I didn't send out my application form last week, but I _. A had B would doC should have D might have to 13 Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he_ Tom to go with him. A might have askedB should askedC must have asked D should have asked 14 When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I_ there earlier. A ought to getB ought to have gotC must have got D must get 15 The road was muddy. It_ last night. A must rainedB must have rained C must be rainedD could have rained 16 She can speak quite fluent English. She_. A must been in the U.S.A. for some time C should have been in the U.S.A. for some timeB must have been in the U.S.A. for some time D May be in the U.S.A. for some time 17 You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he_. A was used to be B used to be C was used to D use to 18“ We didn't see him at the exhibition yesterday.” “ He _it. ”A mustn't visit B can't have visited C should have gone to se D may see 19 Mary _my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. A should have receivedB has received C Couldn't have receivedD ought to have received 20 I _ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money. A would have liked to giveB liked to give C have liked to giveD would like to give 5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 21“ Where _ my umbrella. ” “ Somebody _ it away by mistake.”A is, must have takenB is, must takeC have been, must take D is, takes 22 What _ would happen if the director knew you felt that way. A will you suppose B you supposeC do you suppose D you would suppose 23 Two eyes _see more than one. A canB may C will D should 24 _ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes. A Would B Will C May D Should 25 We ought to help each other in our work, _. A oughtn't we B should we C shouldn't we D ought to we 26 Tom _ better than to ask Dick for help. A shall know B shouldn't know C has known D should have known 27 You _ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely. A had better got B had to get better C had better to get D had better get 28 When we got to the cinema, the film hasn't started yet, so we _. A needn't hurry B didn't need hurry C needn't to hurry D needn't have hurried 29 It was really very dangerous; you _ him seriously. A might have injured B could injure C should have injured D must injure 30 As he had heart attack, he was told that he _ continue the work. A needn't B may not C mustn't D can't 31 An Englishman who _not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy. A must B could C may D might 32 I _like to make a suggestion. A could B would C must D might 33 I know things are hard with you, but you _try to get over the difficulties. A can B may C must D ought 34 I can't find the recorder in the room. It _ by somebody. A may have been taken away B may leave C may take away D must have taken away 6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 35 He _the 9:20 train because he didn't leave home till 9:25. A can reach B could catch C may not catch D couldn't have caught 情态动词部分练习题答案1A 2C 3A 4C 5B 6C 7D 8D 9D 10D 11D 12C 13D 14B 15B 16B 17B 18C 19C 20A 21A 22C 23A 24C 25A 26D 27D 28D 29A 30C 31B 32B 33C 34A 35D 情态动词专项练习. 单项挑选1.I thought you like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. could D. must 2. You to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do. A. needn't to come B. don't need come C. don't need coming D. needn't come 3. He you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give 4. I help you with some shoes, madam. Yes, I would like to try on those brown ones. A. Will B. Should C. May D. Must 5. The reason why they leave wasn't explained to us. A. had B. had to C. must D. might 6. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. I thought I it at home. A. left B. have left C. might have left D. could have left 7. I asleep because it took me a long time to realize that the telephone was ringing. A. could have fallen B. should have fallen C. must have fallen D. mustn't have fallen 8. The only thing that really matters to the children is how soon they B. must C. have to D. ought to A. can return to their school. 9. I want to go to the chemist's, but you go with me. A. need not B. must not C. need D. must 10. I thought it over, but come to no conclusion. A. can B. could C. should D. would 11. What we get seems better than what we have. A. can B. could C. can't D. Couldn t 12. My goodness. I've just missed the train. 7 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - That's too bad. I am sure you it, if you had hurried. A. could have caught B. had caugh C. would catch D. could catch 13. Look. What you've done. You more careful. A. may be B. had to C. should have been D. would be 14. I repeat the question. A. Shall B. Will C. Do you want that D. Do 15. Professor Li, many students want to see you. they wait here or outside. A. Do B. Will C. Shall D. Are 16. You read that book if you don't want to. A. haven't B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't 17. Johnny, you play with the knife; you hurt yourself. A. won't; can't B. can't; shouldn't C. shouldn't; must D. mustn't; may 18. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. can D. should 19. There were already 5 people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. It a comfortable journey. A. can't be B. shouldn't be C. couldn't have been D. mustn't have been 20. Tom ought not to me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling C. having told 21. Everyone is here. we start the