药学英语构词法.ppt

药学英语构词法现在学习的是第1页，共89页phen-,benz-苯苯 benzenefluor-氟氟 fluorine chlor-氯氯 chlorine brom-溴溴 bromine iod-碘碘 iodine carb-碳碳 carbon hydr-氢氢 hydrogen oxy-氧氧 oxygen nitr-氮氮 nitrogen sulf-硫硫 sulfurphosph-磷磷 phosphorus现在学习的是第2页，共89页 natr-钠钠 natrium;sodium kal-钾钾 kalium;potassium calc-钙钙 calcium magnes-镁镁 magnesium silic-硅硅 silicon bor-硼硼 boron arsen-砷砷 arsenic 砒霜砒霜 mercur-汞汞 mercury 水银水银 chrom-铬铬 chromium arg-银银 argentum bar-钡钡 barium sider,ferr-铁铁 ferrum;iron ferro-铁铁2+ferri-铁铁3+现在学习的是第3页，共89页 furan 呋喃 tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃 thiophene 噻吩 pyrrole 吡咯 thiazole 噻唑 isothiazole 异异噻唑 imidazole 咪唑 pyrazole 吡唑 oxazole 噁唑 isoxazole异异噁唑 pyridine 吡啶 piperidine 哌啶 pyrimidine 嘧啶 pyrazine 吡嗪 piperazine 哌嗪 indole 吲哚吲哚 purine 嘌呤嘌呤 quinoline 喹啉喹啉 isoquinoline 异异喹啉喹啉现在学习的是第4页，共89页 hemi-,semi-mono-,haplo-,hen-,uni-1 di-,bi-,duo-,bis-2 tri-,triplo-,ter-3 tetra-,quarto-,quadri-4 meth-甲甲 eth-乙乙 prop-丙丙 but-丁丁 penta-戊戊,5 hexa-己己,6 hepta-庚庚,7 octa-辛辛,8 nona-壬壬,9 deca-癸癸,10 undeca,hendeca 11 dodeca 12 trideca 13 tetradeca14 pentadeca 15 octadeca 18 nondeca 19 eicosa 20 heneicosa 21 docosa 22 tricosa 23 tetracosa 24 nonacosa 29 triaconta 30 tetraconta 40 pentaconta 50现在学习的是第5页，共89页calcium carbonate 碳酸钙 sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠argentum nitricum 硝酸银 silver nitratemonopotassium phosphate 磷酸二氢钾arsenic trioxide 三氧化二砷 boric acid 硼酸 borate 硼酸盐 barium sulfate 硫酸钡magnesium oxide 氧化镁 silicane 硅烷 silica 二氧化硅二氧化硅potassium chromate 铬酸钾mercury bichloride 氯化汞potassium ferrocyanide 亚铁氰化钾ferric oxide 氧化铁现在学习的是第6页，共89页 nano-纳,毫微,10-9 micro-微,10-6 milli-毫,10-3 centi-厘,10-2 deci-分,10-1 deca-十,101 kilo-千,103 -liter升 meter 米 gram 克 microliter micrometer microgram milliliter millimeter milligram deciliter decimeter decigram nanoliter nanometer nanogram centiliter centimeter centigram decaliter decameter decagram kiloliter kilometer kilogram现在学习的是第7页，共89页methyl methane methanol methanal,formaldehyde ethyl ethane ethylene,ethene ethanol ethanal ethynepropyl propane propylene,propene propanol propanediol propanetriol propanal propanedial propanone,acetone propyne cyclopropyl cyclopropane cyclopropene butyl butane butylene,butene butadiene butanol butanediol butanal butanedial butanone butanedione butyne cyclobutyl cyclobutane cyclobutene cyclobutadiene cyclobutadiene cyclobutanone 现在学习的是第8页，共89页pentyl pentane pentylene,pentene pentadiene pentenol pentanol pentanediol pentanal pentanedial pentanone pentanedione pentyne pentanediyne pentose cyclopentyl cyclopentane cyclopentene cyclopentadiene cyclopentanone hexyl hexane hexylene,hexene hexadiene hexatriene hexanol hexanediol hexenol hexanal hexanedial hexanedione hexose cyclohexyl cyclohexane cyclohexene cyclohexadiene cyclohexanone 现在学习的是第9页，共89页chlorethylene nonoseheptaldehyde octadecanetrichloromethane triiodomethane triethylamine 3-hydroxybutanalbromobenzene 2-aminopyrimidine2-acetylfuran tetrahydrofuran 3-methylpyridine 5-ethylthiazoleN-methyl-2-hydroxyimidazole3-amino-5-bromophenol 1,3-cyclohexanediamine2-methyl-2-nitropropaneo(m,p)-aminobenzaldehyde现在学习的是第10页，共89页异戊巴比妥异戊巴比妥Amobarbital5-ethyl-5-(3-methylbutyl)-2，4，6-（1H，3H，5H）-pyrimidinetrione5-5-乙基乙基-5-5-（3-甲基丁基）甲基丁基）甲基丁基）甲基丁基）-2，4 4，6-（1 1H H，3H H，5H H）嘧嘧嘧嘧啶三酮啶三酮啶三酮啶三酮现在学习的是第11页，共89页苯妥英钠Phenytoin SodiumDilantin Sodium5,5-diphenyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione sodium5 5，5-5-二苯基二苯基二苯基二苯基-2-2，4-4-咪唑烷二酮咪唑烷二酮咪唑烷二酮咪唑烷二酮钠盐钠盐钠盐钠盐现在学习的是第12页，共89页盐酸哌替啶 Pethidine Hydrochloride杜冷丁（Dolantin）1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-piperidine-carboxylic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride1-甲基-4-苯基-4-哌啶甲酸乙酯盐酸盐现在学习的是第13页，共89页咖啡因Caffeine三甲基黄嘌呤3,7-dihydro-1,3,3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-7-trimethyl-1H-purinepurine-2,6-dionedione monohydratemonohydrate1 1，3 3，7-7-三甲基三甲基三甲基三甲基-3-3，7-7-二氢二氢二氢二氢-1H 1H-嘌呤嘌呤嘌呤嘌呤 -2-2，6-6-二酮二酮二酮二酮一水合物一水合物一水合物一水合物现在学习的是第14页，共89页盐酸普鲁卡因Procaine Hydrochloride2-(diethylamino)ethyl p-aminobenzoate monohydrochloride 4-氨基苯甲酸氨基苯甲酸-2-（二乙氨基）乙酯盐酸盐（二乙氨基）乙酯盐酸盐现在学习的是第15页，共89页硝苯地平硝苯地平 Nifedipine1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)pyridin-3,5-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester1,4-二氢-2,6-二甲基-4-(2-硝基苯基)-吡啶-3，5-二羧酸二甲酯现在学习的是第16页，共89页盐酸胺碘酮盐酸胺碘酮(2-butyl-3-benzofuranyl)4-2-(diethylamino)ethoxy-3,5-diiodophenyl methanone hydrochloride2-丁基丁基-3-苯并呋喃基）苯并呋喃基）4-2-（二乙氨基）乙氧基（二乙氨基）乙氧基-3，5-二碘苯基二碘苯基甲酮甲酮盐酸盐盐酸盐现在学习的是第17页，共89页硝酸甘油硝酸甘油1,2,3-propanetriol trinitrate 1,2,3-丙三醇三硝酸酯丙三醇三硝酸酯现在学习的是第18页，共89页pharmaco-药；药学；药理药；药学；药理pharmaceutical adj 药的,药用的;制药的;药学的n 药品,药剂pharmacy 药房,药学,药剂学,调剂学pharmacist 药剂师,剂员,药商pharmaceutical analysis 药物分析pharmaceutics 药剂学,制药学biopharmaceutics 生物药剂学，生物制药学pharmacochemistry 药物化学pharmacology 药理学pharmacognosy 生药学pharmacodynamics药效学pharmacokinetics 药动学pharmacopoeia 药典ChP（the Chinese pharmacopoeia）中国药典BP（the British pharmacopoeia）英国药典现在学习的是第19页，共89页 Pharmacokinetics(PK)includes two interrelated processes.The first process is drug absorption,distribution,metabolism(biotransformation)and excretion(ADME),and another is the evaluation of the quantitative kinetic processes of ADME by kinetic principles and mathematical models.Mathematical models are often used to describe the kinetics of drug elimination.These mainly include first order kinetics,zero order kinetics and Michaelis-Menten kinetics with important PK parameters such as t1/2,Vd,AUC,F,CLtot,Css etc.t1/2:half-life Vd:apparent volume of distribution AUC:area under the concentration-time curve F:bioavailability CLtot:total body clearance Css:steady-state plasma concentration现在学习的是第20页，共89页 abdomin-,abdomino-腹腹abdominalgia腹痛（abdomin-+algia痛）abdominoscopy腹腔镜检查法（-scopy检查法）acet-,aceto-乙酰乙酰,醋醋acetic 醋酸的 acetate 乙酸盐,醋酸盐 acetaminophen or paracetamol acetyl-乙酰基乙酰基acetylcholine乙酰胆碱（chol-胆汁+-ine生物碱）acetylcholinesterase乙酰胆碱酯酶 AchE AchE is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetylcholine to choline and acetate.In the CNS,this enzyme plays a role in the function of peripheral neuromuscular junctions.adeno-,aden-腺腺,腺体腺体 adenitis腺炎，淋巴腺炎（aden-+-itis炎）adenocyte腺细胞（adeno-+-cyte细胞）adenovirus 现在学习的是第21页，共89页 adipo-,adip-脂肪脂肪 fatadipectomy脂肪组织切除术（adip-+-ectomy切除术）adiponecrosis脂肪坏死（adipo-+necrosis坏死）lipo-,lip-脂肪脂肪,脂质；肥胖脂质；肥胖lipemia脂血症（lip-+-emia血症）lipoma脂肪瘤（lipo-+-oma瘤）lipotrophy脂肪增多（lipo-+-trophy营养）adreno-,adren-,adrenal-肾上腺肾上腺adrenocorticotropin 促肾上腺皮质激素（adreno-+cortico-皮质+-tropin促激素）adrenaline 肾上腺素 Smiling can help reduce the level of stress-enhancing hormones like cortisol皮质醇,adrenaline and dopamine,increase the level of mood-enhancing hormones like endorphin and reduce overall blood pressure.现在学习的是第22页，共89页 ald-,-aldehyde 醛醛benzaldehyde 苯甲醛（benz-苯+-aldehyde）aldosterone 醛固酮 Aldosterone is a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium.form-,formo-甲酸，甲酰甲酸，甲酰formaldehyde甲醛（form-+-aldehyde甲醛）-form,-iform 形的，形的，状的状的fungiform真菌状的（fungi真菌+-form）-algia 痛（症）痛（症）neuralgia神经痛（neur-神经+-algia）-dynia 痛痛 neurodynia adenodynia,adenalgia myodynia,myalgia cardiodynia,cardialgia hepatodynia,hepatalgia现在学习的是第23页，共89页 alkali-,alkal-,alkalo-碱碱alkalometry 生物碱测量法（alkalo-+-metry测量法）ameba-,amebo-阿米巴，变形虫阿米巴，变形虫amebocyte 阿米巴样细胞（amebo-+-cyte细胞）amebacide 杀阿米巴的,杀阿米巴药-amide 酰胺酰胺acetamide乙酰胺（acet-乙酰+-amide）-amine 胺胺 ammonium铵铵methylamine甲胺ammonium acetate 醋酸铵,乙酸铵 amino-氨基氨基aminolysis氨解（作用）（amino-+-lysis水解）amino acid 氨基酸现在学习的是第24页，共89页 andro-,andr-雄，雄性雄，雄性androgen雄激素（andro-+-gen致物）estrogen 雌激素 angei-,angi-,angio-管，血管管，血管 blood vesselangiocardiopathy心血管病（cardio-心+-pathy病）angioma血管瘤 angiodynia,angialgia vaso-,vasi-管，血管管，血管vasoconstriction血管收缩vasodilation血管舒张vasospasm血管痉挛vasoneuropathy血管神经病现在学习的是第25页，共89页 anti-,ant-对抗，反，抑制对抗，反，抑制antibody 抗体 antigen 抗原anticarcinogen 抗癌药anticholinergic 抗胆碱能的(药)anticholinesterase 抗胆碱酯酶,胆碱酯酶抑制剂antibacterial 抗菌的(药)antiviral antifungalantihypercholesterolemic 抗高胆甾醇血的(药)antiinflammatory 抗炎剂,抗炎药antihistamine 抗组胺剂,抗组胺,抗组织胺药antimalarial 抗疟的(药)antisympathetic 抗交感神经的,抗交感神经药antioxidase 抗氧化酶 appendico-,appendic-阑尾阑尾appendicitis 阑尾炎（appendico-+itis炎）appendectomy现在学习的是第26页，共89页 arterio-动脉动脉 artery arterial 动脉的arteriodilating 动脉扩张的 arteriostenosis 动脉狭窄arteriology 动脉学arteriospasm 动脉痉挛arteralgia arteritis arteriectomy athero,ather-粥样沉积，动脉粥样化粥样沉积，动脉粥样化atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化（-sclerosis硬化）atherogenesis 动脉粥样化形成,动脉粥样硬化生成 arthro-,arthr-关节关节 jointsarthropyosis关节化脓（arthro-+pyo-脓+-osis状态）arthrocele arthritis arthralgia arthrodynia articul-关节关节 articular 关节的（-ar 的）现在学习的是第27页，共89页-ase 酶酶 enzymeamylase 淀粉酶（amyl-淀粉）maltase 麦芽糖酶oxidase 氧化酶 monoamine oxidase,MAO reductase 还原酶 oxidoreductaseesterase 酯酶 phosphodiesterase,PDE 磷酸二酯酶anticholinesterase acetylcholinesterase,AChEhydroxylase 羟化酶 dopamine-hydroxylasecarboxylase 羧化酶 decarboxylase 脱羧酶methyltransferase,MT 甲基转移酶 N-MTHistamine(组胺)N-methyltransferase,HMTCatechol(儿茶酚)-O-methyltransferase,COMTPhenylethylamine-N-methyltransferase 现在学习的是第28页，共89页 Monoamine oxidase inhibitors(MAOI)were introduced into therapy for the treatment of depression in 1957.At present in the western clinic,the commonly used antidepressant drugs include tricyclic,the fourth ring category,neurotransmitter inhibitors,monoamine oxidase inhibitors and other drugs.Ethanol is mainly metabolized in liver by ethanol dehydrogenase,cytochrome P450-2E1 and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase.Sildenafil citrate is a phosphodiesterase type 5(PDE5)inhibitor used clinically for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction.现在学习的是第29页，共89页-ataxia失调失调 ataxia共济失调psychataxia精神失调（psycho-精神+-ataxia）atropho-萎缩萎缩atrophodermatosis皮肤萎缩病（atropho-+dermato-皮肤+-osis状态）atrophedema萎缩性水肿-atrophia,-atrophy萎缩萎缩splenatrophia脾萎缩（splen-脾+atrophia）gastratrophia胃萎缩 bio-,bi-生命生命,生物生物,生物学生物学cytobiology细胞生物学（-logy学）biotransformation biosynthesisbioavailability biopharmaceutics 现在学习的是第30页，共89页 bil-胆胆 bilirubin胆红素 Due to bile duct obstruction,bilirubin is not excreted into the small intestine,so that cholestasis or biliary cells in the liver and cause jaundice.-blast 未分化的原始胚细胞 hemocytoblast 成血细胞,原血细胞 botan-植物植物 botanist植物学家 botany植物学 brady-徐缓徐缓,迟钝迟钝bradycardia心动徐缓,心搏徐缓（cardia心）bradyrhythmia心搏徐缓 bradyuria排尿徐缓bradyesthesia感觉迟钝 esthesia感觉;感知bradypnea 呼吸徐缓（-pnea 呼吸）tachy-快快,过速过速,急急tachycardia心搏过速,心动过速tachypnea 呼吸急促 tachyrhythmia 心动过速现在学习的是第31页，共89页 bromo-,brom-溴溴 bromine;bromumbromoform溴仿（form仿）bromobenzene 溴苯bromide 溴化物 Neostigmine bromide 溴新斯的明hydrobromide 氢溴化物 chloro-,chlor-氯氯 chlorine;chlorumchlorethylene 氯乙烯chloroform 氯仿 trichlormethanechloride 氯化物hydrochloride 氢氯化物 propranolol hydrochloride iodo-碘碘;碘代碘代 iodine;iodumiodoform 碘仿,三碘甲烷iodide 碘化物 hydroiodide 氢碘化物现在学习的是第32页，共89页 sodium iodide potassium bromide calcium chloride calcium carbonate sodium hydroxide monopotassium phosphate dipotassium phosphate arsenic trioxide magnesium oxide barium sulfate mercury bichloride potassium ferrocyanide ferrous chloride ferric chloride ferric oxide现在学习的是第33页，共89页 broncho-,bronch-,bronchio-支气管支气管bronchiospasm支气管痉挛（-spasm痉挛）bronchodilation bronchoconstriction bronchitis calori-热热calorimetry 测热法（calori-+-metry测量法）cancero-,cancro-,cancri-癌癌 cancercancrocirrhosis 癌性硬化（cirrho-硬变+-osis状态）carcino-,carcin-癌癌carcinectomy癌切除术（-ectomy切除术）carcinoma 癌 lung,skin,renal,prostate,thyroid.laryngocarcinoma 喉癌 rhinocarcinoma 鼻癌adenocarcinoma hepatocarcinoma现在学习的是第34页，共89页 capillari-,capillaro-,capillo-毛细管；毛细血管毛细管；毛细血管 capillarimeter毛细管计（-meter计量仪）-cele 肿物，疝，膨出；腔肿物，疝，膨出；腔arthrocele关节肿大（arthro-关节+-cele）enterocele 肠疝 gastrocele 胃膨出encephalocele 脑疝 carbo,carba-,carb-碳碳 carboncarbohydrate 碳水化合物，糖类carbohydraturia 糖尿carbon dioxide cellulo-细胞；纤维（素）细胞；纤维（素）cell cellulase纤维素酶（cellulo-+-ase酶）cellular 细胞的现在学习的是第35页，共89页-cardia,-cardium心心pericardium心包（peri-周围）pericellular细胞外周的 cardio-,cardi-,cardia-心心;贲门贲门cardiogram心动图（gram图）cardiovascular心血管的 cardiovasology心血管学cardioarterial心动脉的 cardionecrosis心坏死cardiohepatic心肝的 cardiosclerosis心硬化cardiology心脏病学 cardiopathy心脏病cardiomegaly=cardiomegalia心肥大 cardioneural心神经的cardiodilator贲门扩张器 cardionephric心肾的 cardiorenal现在学习的是第36页，共89页 cerebro-,cerebri-,cerebr-脑脑,大脑大脑 cerebral大脑的,脑的cerebrospinal 脑脊髓的 cerebromedullary encephalo-脑脑encephalocele 脑突出 encephalomyelitis 脑脊髓炎encephalomyeloneuropathy 脑脊髓神经病electroencephalogram,EEGelectrocardiograms,ECG cephalo-,cephal-头头cephaloedema头水肿 cephalosporin头孢菌素 cerebralgia;encephalalgia;cephalalgia头痛 cerebritis;encephalitis;cephalitis 脑炎,大脑炎 cerebroma;encephaloma 脑瘤 cerebromalacia;encephalomalacia 脑软化 cerebrosclerosis;encephalosclerosis 脑硬化现在学习的是第37页，共89页 cervico-,cervic-颈；子宫颈；子宫cervicotomy 子宫颈切开术（-tomy切开术）cervical carcinoma 宫颈癌 chole-,cholo-,chol-胆汁；胆胆汁；胆cholochrome 胆色素（-chrome色素）hypercholesterolemia 高胆固醇胆固醇血症 Too much cholesterol in the blood is called high blood cholesterol or hypercholesterolemia Both fluvastatin and simvastatin have good efficacy and safety on the patients with primary hypercholesterolemia antihypercholesterolemiccholinocepter 胆碱受体cholinomimetic 拟胆碱能药,拟胆碱药,拟胆碱作用的cholinergic 胆碱能的,胆碱能药现在学习的是第38页，共89页 cholecyst-胆囊胆囊 cholecystotomy胆囊切开术cholecystectomycholecystitis choler-霍乱霍乱 cholera霍乱 chrono-,chron-时时,时间时间chronicity 慢性（chron-+icity性质，状态）chronopharmacology 时辰药理学 chronopharmacokinetics时辰药动学 Pulse drug delivery system is a new type of drug delivery system to quantificationally release effective dose drug,based on the principles of chronopharmacology and chronopharmacokinetics.现在学习的是第39页，共89页 chromato-,chromat-,chromo-色色;色素色素chromatosome 染色体（-some体）chromatin 染色质 cytochrome P450chromatogram 色谱图chromatography 色谱法 GC HPLC TLC circum-,circu-环绕环绕,环环,周围周围 peri-circumrenal 肾周围的（-renal肾的）perirenal pericardium pericellular cirrho-硬变硬变 cirrhosis 硬化,肝硬化-cide 切切,杀杀,杀杀剂剂 -cidal germicidal杀菌的 amebacide 杀阿米巴剂,杀变形虫剂 germicide bacteriocide fungicide virucide现在学习的是第40页，共89页-cise切，杀切，杀 excise切除（ex-向外+-cise）cis-顺顺,顺式顺式cistron顺反子（cis-+trans-反+-on 子）cis-isomer顺式异构体（cis-+-isomer异构体）clon-克隆克隆 monoclonal单克隆的,单细胞系的 cocco-,cocc-球菌球菌,球球 pneumococcide 杀肺炎球菌药 -coccal 球菌的球菌的staphylococcal葡萄球菌的（staphyl-葡萄状）-coccus 球菌球菌 (pl)coccimicrococcus 微球菌（micro-微）pneumococcus 肺炎球菌 staphylococcus葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus aureus is a hard bug to kill.现在学习的是第41页，共89页-colic结肠的结肠的gastrocolic胃结肠的（gastro-胃）-colon结肠结肠megacolon巨结肠（mega-巨大）colpo-,colp-阴道colpospasm 阴道痉挛 colpostenosis 阴道狭窄 vagino-,vagin-阴道 vaginavaginomycosis 阴道霉菌病（-mycosis霉菌病）vaginoscope,colposcopevaginoscopy,colposcopyvaginitis,colpitis The gynecological diseases on the first three places are cervicitis,vaginitis and fibro myoma.现在学习的是第42页，共89页 contra-反反,反向反向,抗抗,逆逆,相对相对contrastimulant 抗兴奋的,抗兴奋药contraceptive避孕剂,避孕的 contrasexual异性的contraindication禁忌症（-indication适应症）Tumor treatment is limited by indication,contraindication and side effect of operation,chemotherapy and radiotherapy,so that therapeutic effect is not good enough.counter-反反,抗抗,反向反向,逆逆,对应对应,匹配匹配,复复counteraction对抗作用（action作用）colori-,color-色色colorimeter比色计（-meter计）colorimetry 比色法现在学习的是第43页，共89页 coronaro-,coronar-冠状,冠状动脉 coronary arterycoronarospasm 冠状动脉痉挛coronaritis cortico-,cortic-皮质皮质 cortexcorticotrophin（-trophin促激素）促皮质素,促肾上腺皮质激素,促肾上腺皮质素促皮质激素adrenocortical hormone;corticoid肾上腺皮质激素mineralocorticoid盐皮质激素glucocorticoid;glucocorticosteroid糖皮质激素 Long-term glucocorticoid therapy promptly induces osteoporosis,whose severity depends on the dose and duration of the treatment,and there is no safety threshold for adverse effects on bone.现在学习