英语句子成分及五种简单句ppt讲稿.ppt

关于英语句子成分及五种简单句PPT第一页，讲稿共六十七页哦英语的基本成分有八种：英语的基本成分有八种：主语（主语（subject）谓语（谓语（predicate）宾语（宾语（object）表语（表语（predicative）定语（定语（attribute）状语状语(adverbial)补足语补足语(complement）同位语（同位语（appositive）第二页，讲稿共六十七页哦主语主语：是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。v1)Mr.Lee is a well-known scientist.v2)He reads newspapers everyday.v3)What we shall do next is not yet decided.第三页，讲稿共六十七页哦谓语谓语:说明主语的动作或所处的状态。说明主语的动作或所处的状态。谓语谓语(predicate)或谓或谓语动词语动词(predicateverb)的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简简单动词单动词或或动词短语动词短语（助动词或情态动词主要动词）构成。（助动词或情态动词主要动词）构成。v1)The new term begins on the 1st of September.v2)I would like to invite all my friends here.v5)He is working in the garden.第四页，讲稿共六十七页哦表语表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词(如如be,become)be,become)之后，与系动词之后，与系动词一起构成复合谓语，说明主语的身份，特征，属性或状态等。单词、短语一起构成复合谓语，说明主语的身份，特征，属性或状态等。单词、短语或从句均可充当表语。或从句均可充当表语。v1)Wangs father is a doctor.（名词）（名词）v2)He is always careless.（形容词）（形容词）v3)The basketball match is on.（副词）（副词）v4)All the pupils are on the playground now.（介词短语）（介词短语）第五页，讲稿共六十七页哦宾语宾语:表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词或表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词或介词后面介词后面.v1)Wang Ling give me a book to read in the bus.（双（双宾语）宾语）v2)The medicine is good for this boy.v3)Do you understand what I mean?第六页，讲稿共六十七页哦定语定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用汉语中常用的的表示。表示。vMary is a chemistry teacher.（名词作定语）（名词作定语）vHe is our friend.（代词作定语）（代词作定语）vHe was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形（形容词作定语）容词作定语）vThe man over there is my old friend.(副词作定语副词作定语)第七页，讲稿共六十七页哦状语状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明说明方式、因果、方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。1)She sings quite well.（副词）（副词）2)On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.（介词短语）（介词短语）3)Arriving there,call me up.4)The boy needs a pen to do his homework.5)He is very handsome.第八页，讲稿共六十七页哦补足语补足语：用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态。用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态。分为宾补和主补。分为宾补和主补。v主补：对主语的补充。主补：对主语的补充。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.第九页，讲稿共六十七页哦宾语补足语宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作,状态状态,特征特征.vWe elected him monitor.（名词作宾补）（名词作宾补）vWe will make them happy.（形容词作宾补）（形容词作宾补）vWe found nobody in.(副词作宾补副词作宾补)vPlease make yourself at home.（介词短语作宾补）（介词短语作宾补）vDont let him do that.（省（省to不定式名词作宾补）不定式名词作宾补）vHis father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.v（带（带to不定式名词作宾补）不定式名词作宾补）vDont keep the fire burning.（现在分词名词作宾补）（现在分词名词作宾补）vIll have my bike repaired.（过去分词名词作宾补）（过去分词名词作宾补）第十页，讲稿共六十七页哦v同位语同位语是在名词或代词之后是在名词或代词之后,对其作进一步解释或说明，对其作进一步解释或说明，在语法上处于同等地位。名词、代词、数词、和从句等均可在语法上处于同等地位。名词、代词、数词、和从句等均可作同位语。如：作同位语。如：We students should study hard.(students是we的同位语，都是指同一批学生）We all are students.(all是we的同位语，都指同样的我们）The news that were having a holiday tomorrow is true.（从句作同位语）第十一页，讲稿共六十七页哦英英语语句子的基本句子的基本结结构可以构可以归纳归纳成五种成五种基本句型及其基本句型及其扩扩大、大、组组合、省略或倒装。合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。一一:(主主谓谓)二二:(主系表主系表)三三:(主主谓谓宾宾)四四:(主主谓谓间宾间宾直直宾宾)五五:(主主谓谓宾宾宾补宾补)第十二页，讲稿共六十七页哦基本句型基本句型 一一:(主主谓谓)主语主语:可以作主语的成分有名词可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词主格代词,动词不定式动词不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。动名词等等。主语一般在句首。谓语谓语:谓语由动词构成谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态是英语时态、语态变化的主角变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语没有宾语,形成主谓结构。形成主谓结构。如如:Wecome.第十三页，讲稿共六十七页哦(不及物不及物动词动词)1.Thesunrose.2.Whocares?3.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepenwritessmoothly此句型的句子有一个此句型的句子有一个共同特点共同特点,即句子的谓语即句子的谓语动词动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。第十四页，讲稿共六十七页哦主语主语可有修饰语可有修饰语-定语定语，谓语谓语可有修饰语可有修饰语-状语状语。如如:1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Sotheyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Wegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.4.Shesattherealone,readinganovel.5.Hecamebackwhenwewereeating.6.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake,butstrongonesmaystayup.第十五页，讲稿共六十七页哦基本句型二基本句型二:(主系表主系表)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子句子谓语谓语动词动词都不能表达一个完整的意思都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类才能表达完整的意思。这类动词动词叫做叫做连系动词。连系动词。第十六页，讲稿共六十七页哦系系动词动词分两分两类类:be,look,keep,seem等等,表情况表情况;get,grow,become,turn等属另一等属另一类类,表表变变化。化。be本身没有什么意本身没有什么意义义,只起只起连连系主系主语语和表和表语语的的作用。其它系作用。其它系动词动词仍保持其部分仍保持其部分词义词义。感官感官动词动词多可用作多可用作连连系系动词动词:lookwell/面色好面色好,soundnice/听起来不听起来不错错,feelgood/感感觉觉好好,smellbad/难闻难闻第十七页，讲稿共六十七页哦(是系是系动词动词)(表表语语)1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinnersmellsgood.3.Hefellinlove.4.Everythinglooksdifferent.5.Heisgrowingtallandstrong.6.Ourwellhasgonedry.7.Hisfaceturnedred.第十八页，讲稿共六十七页哦*Therebe结结构构:Therebe表示表示存在有存在有。这这里的里的there没有没有实际实际意意义义,不可与副不可与副词词there那里那里混淆。混淆。此此结结构后跟名构后跟名词词,表示表示“(存在存在)有某事物有某事物”。试试比比较较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩那儿有一个男孩)前一个前一个there无无实实意意,后一个后一个there为为副副词词那里那里。第十九页，讲稿共六十七页哦系动词词义不完整，在句中不能单独使用系动词词义不完整，在句中不能单独使用（除省略句外），后面必须接有表语，系动（除省略句外），后面必须接有表语，系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语。词和表语一起构成合成谓语。第二十页，讲稿共六十七页哦一、系动词的分类：一、系动词的分类：一、系动词的分类：一、系动词的分类：常见的系动词大致可分为三类。常见的系动词大致可分为三类。常见的系动词大致可分为三类。常见的系动词大致可分为三类。第第一一类类：表表示示特特征征或或状状态态的的，有有bebe，looklook，feelfeel，seemseem，appearappear，smellsmell，tastetaste，soundsound，turn turn outout（结果是、证明是）等。（结果是、证明是）等。Youll be all right soon.Youll be all right soon.You dont look very well.You dont look very well.I feel rather cold.I feel rather cold.第二十一页，讲稿共六十七页哦 He seems to be ill.He seems to be ill.It appears that he is unhappy.It appears that he is unhappy.The roses smell sweet.The roses smell sweet.The mixture tasted horrible.The mixture tasted horrible.How sweet the music sounds!How sweet the music sounds!The day turned out(to be)a fine one.The day turned out(to be)a fine one.第二十二页，讲稿共六十七页哦第第二二类类：表表示示从从一一种种状状态态到到另另一一种种状状态态的的变变化化，有有become，get，grow，turn，fall，go，come，run等。等。Hebecameaworld-famousscientist.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Itgrewdark.Thefoodhasturnedbad.第二十三页，讲稿共六十七页哦第第三三类类：表表示示保保持持状状态态的的，有有keepkeep，remainremain，continuecontinue，staystay等等。Keep quiet,children!Keep quiet,children!The The weather weather continued continued fine fine for for a a long long time.time.It remains to be proved.It remains to be proved.第二十四页，讲稿共六十七页哦系系动动词词后后的的表表语语可可以以是是名名词词、代代词词、数数词词、形形容容词词、分分词词、动动名名词词、不不定定式式、副副词词、介介词词短短语语、词词组组、从句，系动词从句，系动词bebe可用于上述所有情况。可用于上述所有情况。Thenewswassurprising.（分词）（分词）HisjobisteachingEnglish.（动名词）（动名词）Theonlymethodistogivethechildmorehelp.（不定式）（不定式）Imustbeoffnow.（副词）（副词）Thebridgeisunderconstruction.（介词短语）（介词短语）Thatwouldbeagreatweightoffmymind.（词组）（词组）Thisiswhyhewaslate.（从句）（从句）第二十五页，讲稿共六十七页哦所有的系动词都可接形容词作表语，此处略举数例。所有的系动词都可接形容词作表语，此处略举数例。Ourfuturewillbebeautiful.Shelooksunhappytoday.Doyoufeelcold？Youseem/appearill.Thefoodtastesdelicious.Theweatheristurning/growing/becoming/gettingcold.Heoftenwenthungry.第二十六页，讲稿共六十七页哦3.3.能能用用不不定定式式作作表表语语的的系系动动词词有有：appearappear，seemseem，getget，prove prove，remain remain，turn out turn out等。等。She appears/seems to be very young.She appears/seems to be very young.He appears/seems to have caught cold.He appears/seems to have caught cold.They got to be friendsThey got to be friends。The meeting turned out to be successful.The meeting turned out to be successful.The theory proved to be right.The theory proved to be right.Much remains to be done.Much remains to be done.第二十七页，讲稿共六十七页哦4.4.能能接接从从句句的的有有：bebe，seemseem，appearappear，soundsound，looklook等。等。ThatThats why he fell ill.s why he fell ill.My idea is that we should help him.My idea is that we should help him.It seems/appears to me that something is wrong.It seems/appears to me that something is wrong.It It sounds sounds to to me me as as if if someone someone were were trying trying to to get get into the house.into the house.Your voice sounds as if you had a cold.Your voice sounds as if you had a cold.It looks as if it is going to rain.It looks as if it is going to rain.第二十八页，讲稿共六十七页哦5.5.能能接接介介词词短短语语的的有有：bebe，feelfeel，looklook，soundsound，tastetaste，remainremain等。等。bebe是是特特别别活活跃跃的的系系动动词词，其其后后可可接接很很多多介介词词短短语语作表语。作表语。He He is is at at home/home/in in the the library/library/on on the the way way home/on holiday.home/on holiday.They are on duty/on strike/on leave.They are on duty/on strike/on leave.The road is under repair.The road is under repair.第二十九页，讲稿共六十七页哦其他系动词能和介词搭配的范围很小。如：其他系动词能和介词搭配的范围很小。如：It feels like a rain.It feels like a rain.It looks like a rain.It looks like a rain.It sounds like a train going under my room.It sounds like a train going under my room.It tastes of apples.It tastes of apples.（这有苹果的味道。）（这有苹果的味道。）The concert remains in my memory.The concert remains in my memory.第三十页，讲稿共六十七页哦6.6.能能接接分分词词的的系系动动词词有有：bebe，becomebecome，getget，growgrow，seemseem，appear appear等。等。His His report report was was surprising/surprising/disappointing/delighting/moving/astonishingdisappointing/delighting/moving/astonishing The The boy boy was was moved/delighted/surprised/moved/delighted/surprised/disappointed/astonisheddisappointed/astonished。He He has has become/become/got/got/grown/grown/interested interested in in modern physicsmodern physics。He seems/appears drunkHe seems/appears drunk。系系动动词词后后还还可可接接代代词词、数数词词、动动名名词词、副副词词及及其其词词组组，基基本本都都是是bebe的的用用法法。其其他他系系动动词词几几乎乎不不能能这这样用或很少这样用。样用或很少这样用。page43第三十一页，讲稿共六十七页哦一一.纵纵观观历历年年的的高高考考题题，对对系系动动词词的的考考查查一一直直是是高高考考中非常重要的热点之一，对于考生来说也是难点所在。中非常重要的热点之一，对于考生来说也是难点所在。高高考考对对系系动动词词考考查查的的覆覆盖盖面面广广，涉涉及及的的系系动动词词较较多多，重重点点考考查查的的是是 get get，其其次次是是 feel feel 和和 remain remain，考考查查的的难难度在逐年增大。度在逐年增大。二二.对表示状态变化的系动词的考查对表示状态变化的系动词的考查英语中常见的表示状态变化的系动词有英语中常见的表示状态变化的系动词有get，turn，turnout（结果是（结果是），），go，come（成为），（成为），fall，become等。等。第三十二页，讲稿共六十七页哦1.1.对对 get get 的考查的考查 get get 表表示示状状态态的的改改变变，意意为为“变变成成，变变得得，做做成成”，它后面可以接形容词、，它后面可以接形容词、v-ing v-ing 形式、过去分词等。形式、过去分词等。Sarah,Sarah,hurry hurry up.up.Im Im afraid afraid you you wont wont have have time to _ before the party.time to _ before the party.A.get changed B.get change A.get changed B.get change C.get changing D.get to change C.get changing D.get to change 第三十三页，讲稿共六十七页哦 Be Be careful careful when when you you cross cross this this very very busy busy street,if not,you may _ run over by a car.street,if not,you may _ run over by a car.A.have B.get C.become D.turn A.have B.get C.become D.turn As As we we joined joined the the big big crowd crowd I I got got _ _ from my friends.from my friends.A.separated B.spared C.lost D.missedA.separated B.spared C.lost D.missed 分析：例分析：例分析：例分析：例中考查的是中考查的是中考查的是中考查的是“getget过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词”构成的系构成的系构成的系构成的系表结构。例表结构。例表结构。例表结构。例 getchangedgetchanged意为意为意为意为“换衣服换衣服换衣服换衣服”，例，例，例，例 getrungetrunoverover意为意为意为意为“碾过，压过碾过，压过碾过，压过碾过，压过”，例，例，例，例 getseparatedgetseparated意思是意思是意思是意思是“冲冲冲冲散，分离散，分离散，分离散，分离”，所以正确答案分别是，所以正确答案分别是，所以正确答案分别是，所以正确答案分别是 AA、BB、BB。第三十四页，讲稿共六十七页哦2.2.对对 go go 的考查的考查 系系动动词词 go go 的的意意义义是是“变变成成，成成为为”，后后多多跟跟形形容容词词，如如 go go bad,bad,go go mad,mad,go go wrong,wrong,go go hungry,hungry,go go sour sour 等。例如：等。例如：On On hearing hearing the the news news of of the the accident accident in in coal coal mine,she _ pale.mine,she _ pale.A.got B.changed C.went D.appeared A.got B.changed C.went D.appeared 分析：该题考查的是分析：该题考查的是“go+adj.”系表结构。系表结构。got和和changed不能与不能与pale搭配起来表达这一状态的搭配起来表达这一状态的变化，而变化，而appeared是表示状态存在的系动词。是表示状态存在的系动词。所以正确答案是所以正确答案是C。第三十五页，讲稿共六十七页哦 3.3.3.3.对对对对 fall fall fall fall 的考查的考查的考查的考查 系系系系动动动动词词词词 fall fall fall fall 表表表表示示示示“（不不不不知知知知不不不不觉觉觉觉地地地地或或或或突突突突然然然然地地地地）进进进进入入入入状状状状态态态态”，后后后后常常常常跟跟跟跟形形形形容容容容词词词词、副副副副词词词词或或或或介介介介词词词词短短短短语语语语等等等等，如如如如：fall fall fall fall ill ill ill ill（生生病病），fall fall fall fall apart apart apart apart（散散散散开开开开），fall fall fall fall asleep,asleep,asleep,asleep,fall fall fall fall into into into into a a a a deep deep deep deep sleep sleep sleep sleep（睡熟）。（睡熟）。（睡熟）。（睡熟）。例如：例如：As As she she _ _ the the newspaper,newspaper,Granny Granny _ _ asleep.asleep.A.read;was falling B.was reading;fell A.read;was falling B.was reading;fell C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell 分析：该题第二空考查的是系动词分析：该题第二空考查的是系动词“fall+adj.”结构，结构，fallasleep是短暂性动词短语，不能用于进行时态，是短暂性动词短语，不能用于进行时态，故正确答案是故正确答案是B。句意是。句意是“她读报时，奶奶睡着她读报时，奶奶睡着了。了。”第三十六页，讲稿共六十七页哦三三 .对表示状态存在的系动词的考查对表示状态存在的系动词的考查 常常常常见见见见的的的的有有有有 be,be,be,be,seem,seem,seem,seem,appear,appear,appear,appear,look,look,look,look,feel,feel,feel,feel,smell,smell,smell,smell,sound,sound,sound,sound,keep,keep,keep,keep,taste,taste,taste,taste,remain,remain,remain,remain,prove,prove,prove,prove,stay,stay,stay,stay,lie lie lie lie（处处处处于于于于某某某某种种种种状状状状态态态态），stand stand stand stand（处于某种状态）等。（处于某种状态）等。（处于某种状态）等。（处于某种状态）等。1.1.1.1.对对对对 remain remain remain remain 的考查的考查的考查的考查 系系系系动动动动词词词词 remain remain remain remain 的的的的意意意意思思思思是是是是“保保保保持持持持，继继继继续续续续，依依依依然然然然不不不不变变变变”，后后后后常接名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式等。常接名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式等。常接名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式等。常接名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式等。Having Having a a trip trip abroad abroad is is certainly certainly good good for for the the old old couple,couple,but but it it remains remains _ _ whether whether they will enjoy it.they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seenA.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen 第三十七页，讲稿共六十七页哦 Although Although he he has has taken taken a a lot lot of of medicine,medicine,his his health _ poor.health _ poor.A.proves B.remainsA.proves B.remainsC.maintains D.continues C.maintains D.continues 分析：例分析：例中的中的remain是个半系动词，是个半系动词，“有有待被看，证实待被看，证实”，所以应用不定式的被动式，故，所以应用不定式的被动式，故答案是答案是B。例。例中中remainpoor意为意为“仍然很差仍然很差”，maintain意为意为“维持，保持，继续维持，保持，继续”，不与，不与形容词形容词poor连用，所以正确答案是连用，所以正确答案是B。第三十八页，讲稿共六十七页哦2.2.对对 stay stay 的考查的考查 stay stay 意意为为“保保持持原原状状，维维持持”，后后面面可可以以接接形形容容词词、副词、介词短语、名词等。副词、介词短语、名词等。The weather has The weather has stayed stayed warm all week.warm all week.Why Why dont dont you you put put the the meat meat in in the the fridge?fridge?It will _ fresh for several days.It will _ fresh for several days.A.be stayed B.stay A.be stayed B.stay C.be staying D.have stayed C.be staying D.have stayed 分析：该题考查的是系动词分析：该题考查的是系动词stay后接形容词（后接形容词（fresh）的系表结构，它表示一种存在的状态，主动形式表）的系表结构，它表示一种存在的状态，主动形式表示被动意义，这种结构一般不能用于进行时态，所以示被动意义，这种结构一般不能用于进行时态，所以正确答案是正确答案是B。第三十九页，讲稿共六十七页哦3.3.对对 appear appear 的考查的考查 appear appear 的的含含义义是是“似似乎乎，好好像像，看看来来（如如关关于于某某人人的的性性格格、感感情情或或意意图图）”，此此时时不不用用进进行行式式，后后接接形容词、名词、动词不定式等。形容词、名词、动词不定式等。She She appeared appeared rather rather upset upset about about something.something.看来有些什么事使她心烦。看来有些什么事使她心烦。Do Do let let your your mother mother know know all all the the truth.truth.She She appears _ everything.appears _ everything.（上海（上海 2001 2001）A.to tell B.to be told A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been told C.to be telling D.to have been told 第四十页，讲稿共六十七页哦分析：句意是分析：句意是“一定要把一切真相告诉你妈妈。她看一定要把一切真相告诉你妈妈。她看上去已经知道一切事情。上去已经知道一切事情。”句中句中 tell tell 后面没有宾语，后面没有宾语，故用不定式的被动式，又因为故用不定式的被动式，又因为“知道一切知道一切”发生在发生在“告诉真相告诉真相”之前，要用完成式。所以正确答案是之前，要用完成式。所以正确答案是 D D。4.对对feel的考查的考查feel的意思是的意思是“感觉是，似乎感觉是，似乎”，后常接形容词、副词、，后常接形容词、副词、介词短语等。介词短语等。Ilovetogototheseasideinsummer.It_goodtolieinthesunorswiminthecoolsea.A.doesB.feelsC.getsD.makes第四十一页，讲稿共六十七页哦 -Do you like the material?-Do you like the material?-Yes,it _ very soft.-Yes,it _ very soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt 分析：这两道考题考查的是分析：这两道考题考查的是“fell+adj.”的系表结构。的系表结构。例例中中feelgood意为意为“感觉舒服感觉舒服”；例；例feelsoft意意为为“摸上去软和摸上去软和”，此时，主动结构表示被动的含义。，此时，主动结构表示被动的含义。所以正确答案分别是所以正确答案分别是B和和C。第四十二页，讲稿共六十七页哦5.5.对系动词对系动词 look look 的考查的考查 look look 有有“看看来来，显显得得”等等意意，后后面面常常接接形形容容词词、介介词短语、不定式短语、从句等。词短语、不定式短语、从句等。The The plan plan looks looks good good on on paper,paper,but but will will it it work?work?这个计划从表面上