英语句子成分 (2)讲稿.ppt

关于英语句子成分(2)第一页，讲稿共五十页哦一、句子成分一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。第二页，讲稿共五十页哦二）主语：二）主语：主语(Subiect)是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：第三页，讲稿共五十页哦Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）第四页，讲稿共五十页哦WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）第五页，讲稿共五十页哦（三）谓语（三）谓语谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffattenoclock.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。第六页，讲稿共五十页哦（四）表语（四）表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：第七页，讲稿共五十页哦OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）Isityours?（代词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thespeechisexciting.（分词）Threetimessevenistwenty one?（数词）第八页，讲稿共五十页哦Hisjobisto teach English.（不定式）Hishobbyisplaying football.（动名词）Themeetingisof great importance.（介词短语）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）Thetruthisthat he has never been abroad.（表语从句）第九页，讲稿共五十页哦注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。1）状态系动词状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：Heisateacher.2）持续系动词持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：Healwayskept silentatmeeting.3）表像系动词表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：Heseems(tobe)verysad.4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）变化系动词变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：Hebecamemadafterthat.6）终止系动词终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout,表达证实，变成之意，例如：Therumorproved false.Hisplanturned outasuccess.第十页，讲稿共五十页哦（五）宾语（五）宾语宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）第十一页，讲稿共五十页哦Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.Hepretendednottoseeme.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）第十二页，讲稿共五十页哦宾语种类宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendme your dictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如：HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，例如：Sheboughtagiftforhermother.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhim their monitor.第十三页，讲稿共五十页哦下列动词只能接不定式做宾语ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,except,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：Herefusedto lend me his bike.下列动词只能接动名词做宾语admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：Johnhasadmittedbreaking the window.下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如stop,mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。第十四页，讲稿共五十页哦（六）宾语补足语（六）宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语（ObjectComplement），才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等)+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：第十五页，讲稿共五十页哦HisfathernamedhimDongming.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Letthefreshairin.Youmustntforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.Wesawherenteringtheroom.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（不定式短语）（现在分词）（介词短语）（从句）第十六页，讲稿共五十页哦（七）定语（七）定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisa beautiful city.（形容词）Chinaisadeveloping country;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）Therearethirty womenteachersinourschool.（名词）His rapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）第十七页，讲稿共五十页哦Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirst to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）Heisreadinganarticleabout how to learn English.（介词短语）Farmerswho saw usstaredatusasifwearewalkingskeletons.(定语从句)第十八页，讲稿共五十页哦（八）状语（八）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示：Lighttravelsmostquickly.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（副词及副词性词组）（介词短语）（不定式短语）第十九页，讲稿共五十页哦Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.Waitaminute.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（分词短语）（名词）（状语从句）第二十页，讲稿共五十页哦状语种类如下：Howaboutmeetingagainat six?Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecause of the rain.Ishallgothereif it doesnt rain.MrSmithliveson the third floor.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwith great care.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）第二十一页，讲稿共五十页哦Shecameinwith a dictionary in her hand.In order to catch up with the others,Imustworkharder.Hewassotiredthat he fell asleep immediately.Sheworksveryhardthough she is old.Iamtallerthan he is.（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）第二十二页，讲稿共五十页哦同位语（Appositive）对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：ThisisMr.Zhou,our headmaster.插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe-)等，如：To be frank,Idontquiteagreewithyou.第二十三页，讲稿共五十页哦练习练习指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.第二十四页，讲稿共五十页哦6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.第二十五页，讲稿共五十页哦14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.第二十六页，讲稿共五十页哦二、简单句、并列句和复合句二、简单句、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法（一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidnthearofyoubefore.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,cantshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Donttalkinclass4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!第二十七页，讲稿共五十页哦2、按句子的结构可分三种：按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.第二十八页，讲稿共五十页哦2)并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.第二十九页，讲稿共五十页哦（二）简单句的五种基本句型（二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g.Heisastudent.2、主语+不及物动词：e.g.Wework.3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。第三十页，讲稿共五十页哦（三）并列句的分类（三）并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,notonlybutalso,neithernor,then等连接。e.g.TheteachersnameisSmith,andthestudentsnameisJohn.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,eitheror,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryoullmissthetrain.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.第三十一页，讲稿共五十页哦4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.第三十二页，讲稿共五十页哦练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isntthere?4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.简单句复合句简单句简单句第三十三页，讲稿共五十页哦5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isntit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.并列句复合句并列句复合句简单句简单句第三十四页，讲稿共五十页哦二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：Ihopeyouareverywell（）.Imfine,buttired（）.RightnowitisthesummervacationandImhelpingmyDadonthefarm（）.Augustisthehottestmonthhere（）.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.（）Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors（）.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat（）.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm（）.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim（）.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest（）.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden（）.Itdoesntoftenraininthesummerhere（）.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden（）.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell（）.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden（）.复合句简单句并列句简单句并列句简单句并列复合句简单句复合句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句第三十五页，讲稿共五十页哦MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime（）.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy（）.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside（）.Itsgreat（）!Americanseatalotofmeattoomuchinmyopinion（）.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer（）.Idont,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty（）.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates（）.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates（）.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime（）.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina（）?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep（）.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents（）.简单句复合句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句第三十六页，讲稿共五十页哦三、选择填空：1.Givemeonemoreminute_Illbeabletofinishit.A.andB.orC.ifD.so2.ItsthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,_?A.hasntheB.isntheC.isntitD.hasntit3._joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan第三十七页，讲稿共五十页哦4.Letuspass,_?A.shantweB.shallweC.wontweD.willyou5.Isupposehesserious,_?A.doIB.dontIC.isheD.isnthe6.Youhadbetternotsmokehere,_?A.willyouB.hadyouC.shallyouD.haveyou7.Trainashardasyoucan_youllwintheswimmingcompetition.A.thenB.butC.andD.or第三十八页，讲稿共五十页哦8.Imsorrytohavetosaythis,_youforgottoturnoffthelightswhenyoulefttheroomlastnight.A.andB.butC.soD.because9.Johnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and_.A.HenryhasnttooB.HenryalsohasnoteitherC.neitherHenryhasD.neitherhasHenry10.Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,_othersenjoyswimming.A.orB.forC.whileD.so11.-Doyoufeellikegoingout_wouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?-Idliketogoout.A.orB.andC.butD.so第三十九页，讲稿共五十页哦12.-“_isthetemperaturetoday?”-“Its38degrees.”A.WhichB.HowC.HowhotD.Howhigh13.-Youruncleisntanengineer,ishe?-_.A.Yes,heisntB.No,heisntC.No,heisD.Heis14._friendly_toeveryone!A.How,issheB.What,issheC.How,sheisD.What,sheis15.Marywenttobedearly,_shefeltverytired.A.orB.soC.for D.yet第四十页，讲稿共五十页哦16.Mother_adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.wasmakingB.makesC.ismakingD.made17.Helayinbed_readsomethingborrowedfromlibrary.A.butB.andC.orD.yet18.-IdreallylikesomelunchbutIhavesomuchworktodo.-_whatyouwantandIcangetitforyou.A.TellmeB.IfyouwouldsaytomeC.YouwilltellmeD.Ifyoutellme19.Asheisstrong,_canliftonehundredpounds.A.yetheB.butheC.andD.he第四十一页，讲稿共五十页哦20.-Ithoughtyouhadanumbrella.-Ihad,_Ivelostit.A.sinceB.butC.becauseD.so21._downtheradio-thebabysasleepinthenextroom.A.Turning B.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn22.-Idontlikechicken_fish.-Idontlikechicken_Ilikefishverymuch.A.and,andB.and,butC.or,andD.or,but23.-Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?-Idliketo,_Imtoobusy.A.andB.soC.asD.but第四十二页，讲稿共五十页哦24.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee_shallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise25.Shesetoutsoonafterdark_homeanhourlater.A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived26.“Cantyouread?”Marysaid_tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointed27.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,_,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.A.whomB.whereC.whichD.while第四十三页，讲稿共五十页哦28._itwithmeandIllseewhatIcando.A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave29.-Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,_?-ButIfedityesterday.A.doyouB.willyouC.didntyouD.dontyou30._himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.A.MindB.GlanceatC.StareatD.Watch第四十四页，讲稿共五十页哦四、按要求完成下列句子：1.Hedarestotellthetruth.（改为否定句）2.Theyhavelivedhereformorethantenyears.（对画线部分提问）3.Therewillbeasportsmeetattheendofthismonth,_?（完成反意疑问）wontthereHowlonghavetheylivedhere?Hedoesntdaretotellthetruth.或Hedarenottellthetruth.第四十五页，讲稿共五十页哦4.Youmustbecarefulwithyourpronunciation.（改为祈使句）5.Theywentforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening.(改为一般疑问句)6.Itisaninterestingstory.（改为感叹句）Whataninterestingstory(itis)!或Howinterestingthestoryis!Didtheygoforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening?Becarefulwithyourpronunciation.第四十六页，讲稿共五十页哦7.Thismagazinecomesout（出版）everyotherweek.（对画线部分提问）8.Theycouldhardlybelievehiswords,_?（完成反意疑问）couldtheyHowoftendoesthismagazinecomeout?第四十七页，讲稿共五十页哦9.Themoonisshiningbrightly.（改为感叹句）10.OurEnglishteacherisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass.（对画线部分提问）10.WhoisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass?9.Howbrightlythemoonisshining!第四十八页，讲稿共五十页哦Bye-bye!第四十九页，讲稿共五十页哦感谢大家观看第五十页，讲稿共五十页哦